ʻO Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) - kālaiʻāina ʻAmelika, diplomat, ʻepekema, mea haku, mea kākau, mea kākau moʻolelo, mea hoʻopuka, freemason. ʻO kekahi o nā alakaʻi o ka US of Independence. Kau ʻia ma ka bila $ 100.
ʻO ka makuakāne hoʻokumu wale nō i kau inoa i nā palapala mōʻaukala nui ʻekolu a pau i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke ʻano he aupuni kūʻokoʻa: ka United States Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution and the Treaty of Versailles of 1783 (Second Paris Peace Treaty), nāna i hoʻopau hoʻopau i ke kaua kūʻokoʻa o nā kolone nui he 13 o ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. mai UK.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino a Franklin, a mākou e haʻi e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Benjamin Franklin.
ʻO Biografi Benjamin Franklin
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Benjamin Franklin ma Ianuali 17, 1706 ma Bosetona. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana nui, ʻo ia ka muli loa o 17 mau keiki.
ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Josia Franklin, i hana i nā ihoiho a me ke kopa, a ʻo kona makuahine ʻo Abia Folger, hānai i nā keiki a holo ka ʻohana.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua neʻe ʻo Franklin Sr. mai Pelekane i ʻAmelika me kona ʻohana ma 1662. He Puritane ʻo ia, no laila makaʻu ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaʻau hoʻomana i kona ʻāina hānau.
I ka piha ʻana o 8 mau makahiki iā Beniamina, ua hele ʻo ia i ke kula, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa haʻawina no 2 mau makahiki wale nō. Ma muli o ka hiki ʻole i ka makuakāne ke uku no ke aʻo ʻana a kāna keiki. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hana ka mea hoʻoheheʻe hou i ka naʻau pilikino.
I ke ao, ua kōkua ke keiki i kona makuakāne e hana i ke kopa, a i ke ahiahi ua noho ʻo ia ma luna o nā puke. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana ua hōʻaiʻē ʻo ia i nā puke mai nā hoaaloha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā Franklins ke kūʻai aku iā lākou.
ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻo Beniamina i ka ikaika nui no ka hana kino, a hoʻonāukiuki ke poʻo o ka ʻohana. Eia hou, ʻaʻohe ona makemake e lilo i kahunapule, e like me ka makemake o kona makuakāne iā ia. I kona mau makahiki he 12, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma ke ʻano he haumana ma ka hale paʻi o kona kaikaina ʻo James.
Ua lilo ka paʻi ʻana i hana nui na Benjamin Franklin no nā makahiki he nui. I kēlā manawa, nā mōʻaukala, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e kākau i nā pā ballads, kahi o ia mea i paʻi ʻia e kona kaikunāne. I ka ʻike ʻana o Franklin Sr. e pili ana i kēia, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia iā ia, no ka mea, i kona mau maka ua kolohe nā haku mele.
Ua makemake ʻo Beniamina e lilo i mea kākau moʻolelo ke hoʻomaka ʻo James e paʻi i ka nūpepa. Eia naʻe, ua maopopo iā ia e huhū loa kēia i kona makuakāne. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomaka ke kanaka ʻōpio e kākau i nā ʻatikala a me nā moʻolelo i ke ʻano o nā leka, kahi āna i hōʻino ai i ka ʻino o ka lehulehu.
I nā leka ua hele ʻo Franklin i ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa, hoʻomāʻewaʻewa i nā lawehala kanaka. I ka manawa like, ua paʻi ʻia ʻo ia ma lalo o ka pseudonym, e hūnā ana i kona inoa maoli mai ka poʻe heluhelu. Akā i ka ʻike ʻana o James ʻo wai ka mea nāna i kākau nā leka, kipaku koke ʻo ia i kona kaikaina.
Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka heʻe ʻana o Beniamina i Piladelapia, kahi i loaʻa ai kāna hana ma kekahi o nā hale paʻi kūloko. Ma laila ʻo ia i hōʻike ai iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he loea loea. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i Lādana e kūʻai i nā mīkini a e wehe i kahi hale paʻi ma Piladelapia.
Ua makemake nui ke kāne i ka paʻi Pelekane a ma hope o 10 mau makahiki ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kona hale paʻi ponoʻī. Mahalo i kēia, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi loaʻa kālā paʻa a lilo i kanaka kūʻokoʻa kālā. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hiki iā Franklin ke nānā pono i ka politika a me ka ʻepekema.
Kālaiʻāina
Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo pilikanaka o Beniamina ma Piladelapia. I ka makahiki 1728 ua wehe ʻo ia i kahi pōʻai kūkākūkā, a he 15 mau makahiki ma hope mai lilo i American Philosophical Society.
I ke ola o 1737-753. Ua paʻa ʻo Franklin i ka kūlana postmaster o Pennsylvania, a mai 1753 a i 1774 - ke kūlana like ma nā kolone o St. America. Eia hou, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ke Kulanui o Pennsylvania (1740), ʻo ia ke kulanui mua ma United States.
E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1757, ʻo Beniamina Franklin ma kahi o 13 mau makahiki i kū i ka pono o nā mokuʻāina ʻehā o ʻAmelika ma Pelekane, a i ka 1775 ua lilo ʻo ia i ʻelele no ka ʻaha ʻelua o nā kolone ma ka pae ʻāina.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me ka hui i alakaʻi ʻia e Thomas Jefferson, ua kiʻi ke kanaka i ka lole kapa (Seal Nui) o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma hope o ke kau inoa ʻana i ka Declaration of Independence (1776), ua hōʻea ʻo Franklin i Palani, e makemake ana e hana i kuʻikahi me ia e kūʻē iā Pelekane.
Mahalo i nā hana a ka luna politika, ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki ma hope ua pūlima ʻia ka ʻaelike e ka Palani. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ma Palani lilo ʻo ia i lālā o ka Nine Sisters Masonic Lodge. No laila, ʻo ia ka Freemason ʻAmelika mua.
I nā makahiki 1780, ua huakaʻi ʻo Benjamin Franklin ma ke ʻano he ʻelele ʻAmelika e kūkākūkā ma Great Britain, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia ai ke Kuʻikahi Kuʻikahi o Versailles o 1783, ka mea i hoʻopau kūleʻa i ke kaua kūʻokoʻa o US.
E hoʻomaka ana ma 1771, ua kākau ʻo Franklin i kahi autobiography, kahi āna i hoʻopau ʻole ai. Makemake ʻo ia e hōʻike iā ia i ke ʻano o kahi memoir, e wehewehe ana i nā mea hoihoi like ʻole mai ke ola. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua paʻi ʻia ka puke "Autobiography" ma hope o kona make ʻana.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā manaʻo politika o Beniamina ma ke kumumanao o nā kuleana nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka - ola, kūʻokoʻa a me ka waiwai.
Wahi a kāna manaʻo akeakamai, ua pili ʻo ia i ka deism - kahi ʻano haipule a me ke akeakamai e hoʻomaopopo i ka noho ʻana o ke Akua a me ka hana ʻana o ka honua e ia, akā hōʻole i ka hapa nui o nā hanana kupua, ka hōʻike akua a me ka dogmatism hoʻomana.
I ka wā o ke Kaua Kipi ʻAmelika, ua lilo ʻo Franklin i mea kākau o ka hoʻolālā no ka Union of the Colony. Eia hou, he aʻoaʻo ʻo ia no ka luna koa o ka pūʻali koa, ʻo George Wakinekona. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo Wakinekona ka pelekikena i koho nui ʻia o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
I ka makahiki 1778, lilo ʻo Palani i ʻāina ʻEulopa mua e ʻike i ke kūʻokoʻa o ʻAmelika.
ʻO ko Franklin ʻano
He kanaka ʻano ʻē ʻo Beniamina Franklin, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale ma kāna mau mea i hoʻokō ʻia, akā me nā loiloi o ka poʻe o kona wā. Ma ke ʻano he pundit i hana nui i ka politika, ua nānā nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono.
Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ola a me nā loina o ka pono. E heluhelu i nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka hana maʻamau a Benjamin Franklin i kēlā me kēia lā a me ka hoʻolālā pono ma aneʻi.
Hoʻopuka ʻia ka moʻolelo pilikino ʻo Franklin ma ke ʻano he puke kaʻawale, i hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma kēlā me kēia hale kūʻai puke. Ua lilo ia i puke aʻo maʻamau no ka poʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala pilikino. Inā hoihoi ʻoe i ke kiʻi o Franklin a me kona wahi i ka mōʻaukala, a i ʻole inā makemake nui ʻoe i ka hoʻomohala pilikino ʻana, paipai nui mākou e heluhelu i kēia puke kupaianaha.
Nā hana hou a me ka ʻepekema
ʻOiai ʻoiai he kamaliʻi, ua hōʻike ʻo Benjamin Franklin i nā mana noʻonoʻo ʻole. I kekahi manawa, hele mai ʻo ia i ke kai, nakinaki ʻo ia i nā papa i kona mau wāwae, a lilo ia i prototype o nā peʻa. ʻO ka hopena, ua hānai ke keiki kāne i nā kāne āpau i ka hoʻokūkū o nā keiki.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua pūʻiwa hou ʻo Franklin i kāna mau hoa ma ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi lupe. Moe ʻo ia me kona kua i ka wai a paʻa i ke kaula, a holo i luna o ka wai, me he mea lā ma lalo o ka peʻa.
Ke ulu nei, ua lilo ʻo Beniamina i mea kākau o nā mea i loaʻa a me nā mea hou. E papa inoa i kekahi o nā mea i loaʻa i ka ʻepekema ʻo Franklin:
- hana i kahi koʻokoʻo uila (uila uila);
- hoʻolauna i ka inoa o nā mokuʻāina i hoʻoili uila "+" a me "-";
- hōʻoia i ke ʻano uila o ka uila;
- hana i bifocals;
- hana i kahi noho lūlū, i loaʻa iā ia kahi palapala Sila no kāna hana ʻana;
- i hoʻolālā i kahi kapuahi hoʻokele waiwai no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā home, e haʻalele nei i kahi palapala Sila - no ka pono o nā kamaʻāina āpau;
- i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā mea nui i ka makani ʻino.
- me ke komo pū ʻana o ka mea ʻimi, ua hana ʻia nā ana i ka wikiwiki, ka laulā a me ka hohonu o ke kahawai ʻo Gulf. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka hōʻaiʻē o kēia manawa i kona inoa iā Franklin.
ʻOi aku kēia mau mea mai nā mea hou a Beniamina i hana ai, i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻepekema like ʻole.
Ke ola pilikino
Nui nā wahine i ka moʻolelo pilikino a Franklin. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hoʻolālā ʻo ia e komo i kahi male kūleʻa me kahi kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Deborah Reed. Eia naʻe, i loko o kahi huakaʻi i Ladana, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi pilina me ke kaikamahine a ka mea nona ka hale noho kahi i noho ai ʻo ia.
Ma ke ʻano he hopena o kēia pilina, he keiki kāne ʻole na Beniamina, ʻo William. I ka hoʻi ʻana o ka ʻepekema i ka home me ke keikikāne kāne ʻole, kala aku ʻo Deborah iā ia a hānai i ke keiki. I kēlā manawa, ua noho wahine kāne make ʻo ia, haʻalele ʻia e kāna kāne e mahuka nei i ka ʻaiʻē.
I ka male kīwila o Beniamina Franklin lāua ʻo Deborah Reed, hānau ʻia he ʻelua mau keiki hou: he kaikamahine ʻo Sarah a me kahi keikikāne ʻo Francis, i make i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻAʻole hauʻoli lāua ʻelua, ʻo ia ke kumu i noho ai lāua ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki wale nō.
He mau haku wahine kā ke kāne. I ka waenakonu o 1750, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi hihia me Catherine Ray, me ia kāna mea i kākau ai no ke koena o kona ola. ʻO ka pilina me ka mea nona ka hale, kahi i noho ai ʻo Beniamina me kona ʻohana, hoʻomau no kekahi mau makahiki.
I ka piha ʻana o Franklin he 70 ona makahiki, ua aloha aloha ʻo ia me Brillon de Jouy nona ka makahiki 30, ʻo ia nō kāna ipo aloha hope loa.
Make
Ua make ʻo Benjamin Franklin ma ka lā 17 ʻApelila 1790 i ka makahiki 84. Ma kahi o 20,000 mau poʻe i hele mai e ʻōlelo maikaʻi i ke kālaiʻāina nui a me ka ʻepekema, ʻoiai ʻo ka heluna o ke kūlanakauhale ma kahi o 33,000 mau kamaʻāina. Ma hope o kona make ʻana, ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi wā kanikau no 2 mau makahiki i ka United States.
Nā kiʻi na Benjamin Franklin
