ʻO Mikhail Vasilievich Petrashevsky (1821-1866) - ka mea manaʻo Lūkini a me ke ʻano lehulehu, ka luna politika, ka ʻōlelo, ka mea unuhi a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo.
Ua komo ʻo ia i loko o nā hālāwai i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kahi hui malū, he kākoʻo i ka hoʻomākaukau wā lōʻihi o ka lehulehu no ka paio kipi. I ka 1849, ua hopu ʻia ʻo Petrashevsky a me kekahi mau kānaka he ʻumikūmālua e pili pū me ia.
Ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Petrashevsky a me 20 mau kānaka ʻē aʻe e ka ʻaha i ka make. Ma waena o kēia mau kānaka he 20 ka mea kākau Lūkini nui ʻo Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, kahi lālā o ka pōʻai ʻo Petrashevsky.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Petrashevsky, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Mikhail Petrashevsky.
Kawaihae o Petrashevsky
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Mikhail Petrashevsky ma Nowemapa 1 (13), 1821 ma St. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o ke kauka koa a me ka luna kūkā mokuʻāina ʻo Vasily Mikhailovich, a me kāna wahine ʻo Feodora Dmitrievna.
He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka manawa hoʻokahi ua komo ʻo Petrashevsky Sr. i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā haukapila kolera a me ka hakakā me ka anthrax. Eia hou, ʻo ia ka mea kākau o kahi hana olakino i kapa ʻia "Ka wehewehe o ka mīkini ʻoki kino no ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i nā manamana lima i huki ʻia."
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā i hōʻeha ʻeha ʻia ʻo General Mikhail Miloradovich ma ka Senate Square e ka Decembrist i 1825, ʻo ka makuakāne o Petrashevsky ka mea i kiʻi ʻia e kōkua.
I ka piha ʻana o Mikhail i 18 mau makahiki, ua puka ʻo ia mai ka Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. A laila ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ke Kulanui ʻo St. Petersburg, e koho ana i ke Kumu o ke Kānāwai. Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ke kanaka ʻōpio e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea unuhi ma ke Keʻena o ko nā ʻāina ʻē
Ua komo ʻo Petrashevsky i ka paʻi ʻia o ka "Pocket Dictionary of Foreign Words That Part of the Russian Language". A inā i hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻopuka mua o ka puke e Valeria Maikov, kahi loio a me ka mea hoʻolaha lehulehu Lūkini, a laila ʻo Mikhail wale nō ka hoʻoponopono o ka lua o ka hoʻopuka.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ua lilo ʻo Petrashevsky i mea kākau o ka hapanui o nā hana theoretical. Paipai nā ʻatikala i ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo demokratika a me nā ʻike waiwai, a me nā manaʻo o ka nohona kaiāulu utopian.
Pōʻai ʻo Petrashevsky
Ma ka waenakonu o 1840, mālama ʻia nā hālāwai i kēlā me kēia pule ma ka hale o Mikhail Vasilyevich, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Pōʻalima". I loko o kēia mau hālāwai, kūkākūkā ʻia nā kumuhana like ʻole.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ma ka hale waihona puke pilikino o Petrashevsky he nui nā puke i pāpā ʻia ma Rūsia e pili ana i ka nohona kaiāulu a me ka moʻolelo o nā neʻe kipi. Kākoʻo ʻo ia i ke aupuni a ka lehulehu, a ua kākoʻo pū kekahi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka poʻe mahiʻai me nā kuleana ʻāina.
ʻO Mikhail Petrashevsky ka mea i ukali ʻia e ka akeakamai a me ke kaiaulu Palani ʻo Charles Fourier. Ma ke ala, ʻo Fourier kekahi o nā ʻelele o ka nohona kaiāulu utopian, a ʻo ka mea kākau o ia ʻano manaʻo e like me "feminism".
I ka manawa ma kahi o 27 mau makahiki o Petrashevsky, ua komo ʻo ia i loko o nā hālāwai i kūkākūkā ʻia ai ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hui malū. I ka manawa o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike ponoʻī pehea e ulu ai ʻo Russia.
Hopu a lawe pio
Ua kāhea ʻo Mikaʻela i ka poʻe i kahi hakakā kipi kūʻē i ke aupuni o kēia manawa. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ka lā 22 o Kēkēmapa 1849, ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia me kekahi mau kānaka like manaʻo like. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻopaʻi ka ʻaha iā Petrashevsky a ma kahi o 20 mau kipi kipi e make ai.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i waena o ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka make aia kekahi mea kākau Lūkini ʻōpio ʻo Fyodor Dostoevsky, i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa, nāna i hōʻike i nā manaʻo o Mikhail Petrashevsky a he lālā no ka pōʻai ʻo Petrashevsky.
I ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā kipi mai ka pōʻai Petrashevist i kahi o ka hoʻokō a ua hiki nō hoʻi ke heluhelu i ka hoʻopiʻi, me ka manaʻo ʻole no nā mea āpau, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻopaʻi make e ka hana paʻa paʻa ʻole.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokolokolo, ua ʻike ka poʻe lawelawe ʻaʻole lākou e kī i nā lawehala, ka mea a ka hope i ʻike ʻole ai. ʻO kekahi o nā mea i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka make, ʻo Nikolai Grigoriev, ua nalowale kona manaʻo. ʻO nā manaʻo a Dostoevsky i ʻike ai i ka ahiahi o kāna hoʻokō ʻia ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia i loko o kāna puke kaulana The Idiot.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ua lawe pio ʻia ʻo Mikhail Petrashevsky i Siberia Hikina. ʻO ke kiaʻāina kūloko ʻo Bernhard Struve, ka mea i launa pū me ka poʻe kipi, ʻaʻole i hōʻike i nā loiloi e pili ana iā ia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he kanaka haʻaheo a lapuwale ʻo Petrashevsky i makemake e lilo i kahi nānā.
I ka hala ʻana o 1850, ua noho ʻo Mikhail Vasilyevich ma Irkutsk ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina lawe pio. Maʻaneʻi ʻo ia i hana pū ai me nā paʻi kūloko a ua hana ʻo ia i nā hana aʻo.
Ma ka moʻolelo pilikino o 1860-1864. Noho ʻo Petrashevsky ma Krasnoyarsk, kahi i loaʻa iā ia ka mana nui i ke duma o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka makahiki 1860, ua hoʻokumu kahi kāne i ka nūpepa Amur. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi ua lawe pio ʻia ʻo ia i ke kauhale o Shushenskoye (Minusinsky District), no ka ʻōlelo kūʻē ʻana i ka arbitrariness o nā luna kūloko, a ma hope ma ke kauhale o Kebezh.
Make
ʻO ka wahi hope o ka noho ʻana o ka mea noʻonoʻo ka kauhale o Belskoe (Yenisei panalāʻau). Ma kēia wahi ma Mei 2, 1866, ua hala ʻo Mikhail Petrashevsky. Ua make ʻo ia i kahi maʻi heʻe cerebral i ka makahiki 45.
Nā Kiʻi Petrashevsky
