ʻO Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2002) - Archaeologist Norewai, mea hele a mea kākau. Ka mea noiʻi i ka moʻomeheu a me ke kumu o nā lāhui like ʻole o ka honua: Polenekia, ʻInia a me nā kamaʻāina o Easter Island. Ua hana i kekahi huakaʻi me ka makaʻu ʻole ma nā replica o nā waʻa kahiko.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Thor Heyerdahl, a mākou e haʻi e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Heyerdahl.
Kawaihae o Thor Heyerdahl
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Thor Heyerdahl ma ʻOkakopa 6, 1914 ma ke kūlanakauhale Norewai ʻo Larvik. Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o ka mea nona ka brewery Thor Heyerdahl a me kāna wahine ʻo Alison, ka mea i hana ma ka hale hōʻikeʻike anthropological.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua ʻike ʻo Thor i ke kumumanaʻo o Darwin no ka evolution a ua hoihoi nui i ka ʻohana. He pīhoihoi ia ma kona home ua hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻano hale hōʻikeʻike, kahi o ka viper ke kikowaena hōʻike.
He mea pono nō ia e makaʻu i ka makaʻu o ke keiki i ka wai, no ka mea ua aneane make ʻo ia i ʻelua mau manawa. Ua ʻae ʻo Heyerdahl inā i kona wā ʻōpio ua haʻi aku kekahi iā ia e ʻauʻau ʻo ia i ke kai ma luna o kahi moku kūkae, inā ua manaʻo ʻo ia i kekahi kanaka pupule.
Ua hiki iā Tour ke lanakila i kona makaʻu i ka makahiki 22. Ua hana kēia ma hope o kona hāʻule ʻole ʻia i loko o ka muliwai, kahi āna i ʻauʻau ai i uka.
I ka 1933, ua hoʻoholo kūleʻa ʻo Heyerdahl i ke kula nui, e koho ana i ka ʻāpana kūlohelohe. Ma aneʻi ia i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻopaʻa hohonu i ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o nā poʻe kahiko.
Huakaʻi
ʻOiai ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kula nui, ua hui ʻo Tour me ka huakaʻi ʻo Bjorn Krepelin, ka mea i noho no kekahi manawa ma Tahiti. He waihona puke nui kāna a me kahi hōʻiliʻili nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia mai Polinesia. Mahalo i kēia, ua hiki iā Heyerdahl ke heluhelu hou i nā puke he nui e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o ka ʻāina.
ʻOiai he haumāna nō, ua komo ʻo Tour i kahi papahana i manaʻo e mākaʻikaʻi a kipa aku i nā mokupuni mamao loa o Polinesia. Pono nā lālā o ka huakaʻi e ʻike pehea i hiki ai i nā holoholona o kēia au ke ʻike iā lākou iho ma laila.
I ka makahiki 1937, ua huakaʻi ʻo Heyerdahl me kāna wahine ʻōpio i nā mokupuni ʻo Marquesas. Ua hele ka wahine ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika, hele ma waena o ke Canal ʻo Panama a ma hope o ka hala ʻana i ka Moana Pākīpika a hōʻea i kahakai o Tahiti.
Ma ʻaneʻi i noho ai ka poʻe huakaʻi i ka home o kahi alakaʻi kūloko, nāna i aʻo iā lākou i ke ʻano o ke ola i ka nohona kūlohelohe. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, neʻe ka poʻe male hou i ka mokupuni ʻo Fatu Hiva, kahi a lākou i noho ai ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ka mamao mai ka lāhui.
I ka mua, ʻaʻohe o lākou kānalua i hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka nāhelehele no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. Akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻia o nā maʻi maʻi koko ma nā wāwae o nā kāne. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ma kahi mokupuni kokoke, ua hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i kahi kauka nāna i hāʻawi i ke kōkua lapaʻau iā lākou.
ʻO nā hanana i hana ʻia me Thor Heyerdahl ma nā mokupuni ʻo Marquesas i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kāna puke autobiograpical mua "In Search of Paradise", i paʻi ʻia ma 1938. A laila ua haʻalele ʻo ia no Kanada e aʻo i ke ola o nā ʻōiwi Indians. I kēia ʻāina ua loaʻa ʻo ia e ke Kaua Honua ʻElua (1939-1945).
ʻO Heyerdahl kekahi o nā mea manawaleʻa mua no ka mua. Ma Pelekane Nui, ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he lekiō, a ma hope ua komo ʻo ia me nā pūʻali koa i ke kaua kūʻē i ka Nazis. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia i ala aʻe i ke kūlana o ka lutanela.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, hoʻomau ʻo Tour i ka hana i nā hana ʻepekema, ke aʻo ʻana i ka nui o nā palapala like ʻole. ʻO ka hopena, ua kuhi ʻo ia ua noho ʻia ʻo Polinesia e ka poʻe mai ʻAmelika, ʻaʻole no ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia, e like me ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia.
ʻO ka manaʻo wiwo ʻole o Heyerdahl i huki i nā loiloi he nui i ke kaiāulu. I mea e hōʻoia ai i kāna hihia, ua hoʻoholo ke kāne e hoʻākoakoa i kahi huakaʻi. Me nā huakaʻi he 5, ua hele ʻo ia i Peru.
Maʻaneʻi kūkulu nā kāne i kahi kaola, kapa ʻia ʻo "Kon-Tiki". He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ua hoʻohana lākou i kēlā mau mea i loaʻa i ka poʻe "kahiko". Ma hope o kēlā, ua hele lākou i ka Moana Pākīpika a ma hope o 101 mau lā o ka holo ʻana a hōʻea i ka mokupuni ʻo Tuamotu. ʻIke ia i loko o kēia manawa ua uhi lākou ma kahi o 8000 km ma kā lākou moku.
No laila, ua hōʻoia ʻo Thor Heyerdahl a me kona mau hoapili ma kahi kaapapa hana, e hoʻohana ana i ke au ʻo Humboldt a me ka makani, maʻalahi maʻalahi ke hele i ka moana a pae i nā mokupuni Polinesia.
ʻO kēia ka mea a Heyerdahl i ʻōlelo ai a me nā kūpuna o ka poʻe Polenekia i hana ai, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā kākau lima o ka poʻe naʻi Sepania. Ua wehewehe ka Norewai i kāna huakaʻi i loko o ka puke "Kon-Tiki", i unuhi ʻia i loko o 66 mau ʻōlelo o ka honua.
Ma ka moʻolelo o 1955-1956. Ua mākaʻikaʻi ka huakaʻi iā Easter Island. Ma laila ʻo ia, a me nā mea ʻike loea i ʻike nui ʻia, alakaʻi i kahi mau hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ka huki ʻana a me ke kau ʻana o nā kiʻi moai. Ua kaʻanalike ke kāne i nā hopena o ka hana i hana ʻia i loko o ka puke "Aku-Aku", i kūʻai ʻia ma nā miliona o nā kope.
I ka makahiki 1969-1970. Ua kūkulu ʻo Heyerdahl i 2 mau moku papyrus e hele i kēlā ʻaoʻao o ʻAkelanika. I kēia manawa, ua ʻimi ʻo ia e hōʻoia i hiki i nā luina kahiko ke hana i nā huakaʻi transatlantic ma nā moku holo moana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Canary Current no kēia.
ʻO ka moku mua, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Ra", i hana ʻia mai nā kiʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā waʻa ʻAigupita kahiko, holo i loko o ka Moana ʻAkelanika mai Morocco. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kekahi mau hewa loea, ua haki koke ʻo "Ra".
Ma hope o kēlā, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi moku hou - "Ra-2", kahi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻo Thur Heyerdahl i ke kapakai o Barbados a ma laila e hōʻoia ai i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kāna ʻōlelo.
I ka puna o 1978, puhi nā mea huakaʻi i ka moku ʻohe Tigris e kūʻē i ke kaua ma ka ʻĀina Ula. Ma kēia ala, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Heyerdahl e huki i ka manaʻo o nā alakaʻi o ka UN a me nā kānaka āpau i ka hiki i kā mākou lāhui ke puhi i waho a hele i lalo e like me kēia moku.
Ma hope, ua lawe ka mea huakaʻi i ke aʻo ʻana i nā puʻu i loaʻa ma Maldives. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ke kumu o nā hale kahiko, a me nā kiʻi o nā luina ʻumiʻumi. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i kāna noiʻi ʻana ma The Maldives Mystery.
I ka makahiki 1991, ua aʻo ʻo Thor Heyerdahl i nā pyramid Guimar ma ka mokupuni ʻo Tenerife, e ʻōlelo ana he mau piramida maoli lākou ʻaʻole wale nō nā puʻu ʻōpala wale nō. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka wā kahiko, hiki i nā mokupuni ʻo Canary ke kau ma waena o ʻAmelika a me ke Kaiwaenahonua.
I ka hoʻomaka o ka milenio hou, ua hele ʻo Tour i Lūkia. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻike i ka hōʻike i hōʻea mai kona mau hoa makaʻāinana i ka panalāʻau o Norewai hou, mai ke kahakai ʻo Azov. Ua ʻimi ʻo ia i nā palapala ʻāina a me nā kaʻao, a ua komo pū kekahi i nā ʻeli kahiko.
ʻAʻohe kānalua ʻo Heyerdahl e hiki ke loaʻa nā aʻa Scandinavian i Azerbaijan o kēia manawa, kahi i huakaʻi ai ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa. Ma ʻaneʻi ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā kiʻi kālai pōhaku a hoʻāʻo e loaʻa nā mea kahiko, e hōʻoia ana i kāna kuhiakau.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻO ka wahine mua a Tour ka mea hoʻokele waiwai ʻo Liv Cusheron-Thorpe, ʻo ia kāna i hālāwai ai ma ke ʻano he haumāna. I loko o kēia male, he mau keikikāne ʻelua a lāua - Tour a me Bjorn.
I ka mua, aia kahi idyll piha ma waena o nā kāne, akā ma hope ua hoʻomaka ko lākou mau manaʻo e hōʻalili. ʻO ka pilina a Heyerdahl me Yvonne Dedekam-Simonsen i alakaʻi ai iā Tour i ka hemo hope loa mai Liv.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua ʻāpono ke kāne i ka pilina me Yvonne, nāna i hānau he ʻekolu mau kaikamahine - Anette, Marian a me Helen Elizabeth. He mea hoihoi ua hele pū kāna wahine me kāna kāne ma nā huakaʻi he nui. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 1969 ua haki kēia male.
Ma 1991, iho ʻo Heyerdahl 77 makahiki i ke ala ʻekolu no ke kolu o ka manawa. ʻO kāna wahine ʻo Jacqueline Bier, he 59 ona makahiki, ʻo ia ʻo Miss France-1954. Noho pū ka mea huakaʻi me ia a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā.
I ka makahiki 1999, ua ʻike ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Tour ʻo ia ka Norewai kaulana loa o ke kenekulia 20. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā makana ʻokoʻa he nui a me nā kekelē 11 hanohano mai nā kula nui ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa.
Make
Ua make ʻo Thor Heyerdahl ma ka lā 18 ʻApelila 2002 i ka makahiki 87. ʻO ke kumu o kona make ʻana he tumo lolo. Ma mua iki o kona make ʻana, hōʻole ʻo ia e ʻai i ka lāʻau a me ka meaʻai.
Nā kiʻi Heyerdahl
