ʻO Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke o zu Lauenburg (1815-1898) - ka chancellor mua o ka Kelemania Aupuni, nāna i hoʻokō i ka hoʻolālā no ka hoʻohui ʻana o Kelemania ma ke ala Kelemania liʻiliʻi.
I ka wā hoʻomaha loa, ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa hoʻoilina ʻole o Duke o Lauenburg a me ke kūlana o Prussian Colonel General me ke kūlana o Field Marshal.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka puke pai o Bismarck, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai ma kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Otto von Bismarck.
ʻO kā Bismarck moʻomeheu
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Otto von Bismarck ma ka lā 1 ʻApelila 1815 i ka moku ʻo Brandenburg. No ka ʻohana naita ʻo ia, ʻoiai i manaʻo ʻia he hanohano, ʻaʻole hiki ke kaena i ka waiwai a me nā ʻāina.
Ua ulu aʻe ka chancellor ma ka ʻohana o kahi mea ʻāina ʻo Ferdinand von Bismarck a me kāna wahine ʻo Wilhelma Mencken. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he 18 mau makahiki ka makuakāne ma mua o kona makuahine. Ma waho o Otto, ua hānau ʻia he 5 mau keiki hou aʻe ma ka ʻohana Bismarck, ʻekolu o lākou i make i ka wā kamaliʻi.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I ka hala ʻana o 1 a Bismarck makahiki, ua neʻe ʻo ia a me kona ʻohana i Pomerania. Ua paʻakikī kona wā kamaliʻi e kapa aku i ka hauʻoli, ʻoiai ʻo kona makuakāne e kuʻi pinepine a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kāna keiki. I ka manawa like, ua mamao loa ka pilina ma waena o nā mākua mai kahi kūpono.
ʻAʻole i makemake ʻo Wilhelma ʻōpio a ua aʻo ʻia i ka hoihoi i ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me kāna kāne, kahi cadet kauhale. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole nānā iki ke kaikamahine i nā keiki, ʻo ka hopena a Otto i ʻike ʻole ai i ke aloha makuahine. Wahi a Bismarck, ua like ia me he malihini i ka ʻohana.
I ka makahiki 7 o ke keikikāne, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa naʻau ma ke kula e kia ana i ka hoʻomohala kino. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka haʻawina iā ia i nā leʻaleʻa, kahi āna e hoʻopiʻi mau ai i kona mau mākua. Ma hope o 5 mau makahiki, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ka hale haʻuki, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ai no 3 mau makahiki.
I ka makahiki 15, ua neʻe ʻo Otto von Bismarck i kahi hale hoʻoikaika kino ʻē aʻe, kahi āna i hōʻike ai i kahi pae awelika o ka ʻike. I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua haku ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo Palani a me Kelemania, me ka nānā nui ʻana i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā mele.
Ma ka manawa like, makemake nui ʻo Bismarck i ka politika a me ka mōʻaukala o ka honua. Ma hope ua komo ʻo ia i ke kula nui, kahi i aʻo ʻole maikaʻi ai ʻo ia.
Ua hanaʻo ia i mau hoaaloha he nui, a ua alakaʻiʻo ia i kahi ola hihiu. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i komo ʻo ia i 27 mau duels, kahi i hōʻeha ʻia ai hoʻokahi wale nō manawa.
Ua pale aku ʻo Otto i kāna dissertation i ke akeakamai i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokele politika. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hana ʻo ia i nā hana diplomasia no kekahi manawa.
ʻOihana lawelawe a me ka pūʻali koa
I ka makahiki 1837 hele ʻo Bismarck e lawelawe i ka pūʻali koa Greifswald. Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ia e pili ana i ka make ʻana o kona makuahine. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua lawe ʻo ia a me kona kaikaina i ka hoʻokele o nā waiwai o ka ʻohana.
ʻOiai kona huhū wela, he kūlana maikaʻi ko Otto no ka helu ʻana a me ka mea heluhelu palapala. Mai ka 1846 ua hana ʻo ia ma ke keʻena, kahi i pili ai ʻo ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā dam. He mea hoihoi ua manaʻo ʻo ia iā ia iho he mea manaʻoʻiʻo, e pili ana i nā aʻo a Loterana.
I kēlā me kēia kakahiaka, hoʻomaka ʻo Bismarck ma ka heluhelu ʻana i ka Baibala, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kāna mea i heluhelu ai. I loko o kēia manawa o kāna moʻomeheu, ua kipa ʻo ia i nā mokuʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kāna mau manaʻo politika.
Ua makemake ke kāne e lilo i mea kālaiʻāina, akā ʻo ka inoa o kahi duelist huhū huhū a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ulu ʻana o kāna ʻoihana. I 1847 ua koho ʻia ʻo Otto von Bismarck i hope no ka United Landtag o ke Aupuni Prussian. Ma hope o kēia ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e piʻi wikiwiki i ka alapiʻi ʻoihana.
Ua pale aku nā pūʻali politika liberal a me nā socialist i nā pono a me nā kūʻokoʻa. A ʻo Bismarck kekahi i kākoʻo i nā manaʻo conservative. Ua ʻike nā hoa pili o ka mōʻī Prussian i kāna hiki i ka oratorical a me ka noʻonoʻo.
Ke pale nei i nā kuleana o ke aupuni mōʻī, ua pau ʻo Otto i ka pūʻali kūʻē. Ua hoʻokumu koke ʻo ia i ka Conservative Party, e ʻike nei ʻaʻohe ona ala i hoʻi ai. Ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi pāremaka hoʻokahi a me ka subordination o kona mana.
I ka makahiki 1850, ua komo ʻo Bismarck i loko o ka hale kōmike o ʻEnelani. Ua hoʻohewa ʻo ia i ka papa politika, i hiki ai i kahi hakakā me ʻAukekulia. Ma muli o ka maopopo iā ia ka mana piha o nā Austrian. Ua lilo ʻo ia i kuhina ma ka Bundestag o Frankfurt am Main.
ʻOiai kahi ʻike diplomatik iki, ua hiki i ka mea kālaiʻāina ke hoʻohana a lilo i loea i kāna ʻoihana. I ka manawa like, loaʻa iā ia ka hanohano hou aʻe i ka nohona kanaka a me waena o nā hoa.
I ka makahiki 1857 ua lilo ʻo Otto von Bismarck i ʻelele nui no Prussia i Lūkia, a ua noho ʻo ia ma kēia kūlana no 5 mau makahiki. I loko o kēia manawa, ua haku ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo Lūkia a ua kamaʻāina loa me ka moʻomeheu a me nā kuʻuna Lūkini. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā ma hope e ʻōlelo ka Kelemania i ka huaʻōlelo penei: "E hana i nā kuʻikahi me kekahi, e hoʻokuʻu i nā kaua, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻopā i nā Lūkia."
Ua pili loa ka pilina ma waena o Bismarck a me nā luna Lūkini a hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i kahi kūlana ma ka ʻaha o ka Emepera. Me ke komo ʻana i ka noho aliʻi o Wiliama I i ka makahiki 1861, ua mālama ʻia kekahi hanana nui i ka moʻolelo pilikino ʻo Otto.
I kēlā makahiki, ua kū kahi pilikia kū i ke kumukānāwai iā Prussia ma waena o kahi hakakā ma waena o ka mōʻī a me ka Landtag. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā ʻaoʻao i kahi kuikahi ma ka pūʻali koa. Ua kāhea ʻo Wilhelm no ke kōkua mai Bismarck, ʻo ia ka mea i hana ma ke ʻano he ʻelele i Farani.
Kālaiʻāina
Ua kōkua nā hakakā nui ma waena o Wilhelm a me nā liberal iā Otto von Bismarck e lilo i kekahi o nā mea nui i ka mokuʻāina. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia nā kūlana o ke kuhina nui a me ke kuhina nui e kōkua i ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i ka pūʻali koa.
ʻAʻohe o ke kākoʻo o ka poʻe kūʻē i manaʻo ʻia e nā loiloi hou, ka mea i ʻike e pili ana i ke kūlana ultra-conservative o Otto. Ua hoʻomaha ʻia ka hakakā ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao no 3 mau makahiki ma muli o ka haunaele kaulana ma Polani.
Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Bismarck i ke kōkua i ke aliʻi Polani, a ma muli o ia mea ua hōʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i waena o nā poʻe ʻEulopa. Akā naʻe, ua loaʻa iā ia ka hilinaʻi o ka mōʻī Lūkia. I ka 1866, hoʻoili ke kaua me ʻAukekulia, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā panalāʻau mokuʻāina.
Ma o ka hana diplomatika ʻoihana, ua hiki iā Otto von Bismarck ke noi aku i ke kākoʻo o ʻItalia, a lilo i mea pili i Prussia. Ua kōkua ka kūleʻa koa iā Bismarck e loaʻa ka lokomaikaʻi i nā maka o kona kamaʻāina. Ma ka hoʻololi, ua lilo ka mana o Austria a ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli hou aku i nā Kelemania.
I ka makahiki 1867, ua hoʻokumu ke kāne i ka Hui Kelemania ʻAkau ʻĀkau, ka mea i alakaʻi i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā aliʻi nui, nā duchies a me nā aupuni. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua lilo ʻo Bismarck i kuhina nui mua no Kelemania. Ua ʻae ʻo ia i ke kuleana koho o ka Reichstag a loaʻa iā ia nā levers o ka mana.
ʻO ke poʻo Palani, ʻo Napoleon III, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā mokuʻāina, a no laila ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e kāpae i kēia kaʻina hana me ke kōkua o ke kōkua koa. Ua hoʻoili ʻia ke kaua ma waena o Palani a me Prussia (1870-1871), a ua hoʻopau ʻia i kahi lanakila weliweli no nā Kelemania. Eia kekahi, ua hopu ʻia a lilo ka mōʻī Farani.
ʻO kēia a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe i alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia o ka Emepaea Kelemania, ʻo ka Reich II, i ka makahiki 1871, a ʻo Wilhelm I i lilo i Kaiser.
I loko o kēia wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua kāohi ʻo von Bismarck a kāohi i nā hoʻoweliweli mai ka Social Democrats, a me nā aliʻi Austrian a me Palani. No kāna acumen politika, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka "Chancellor Iron". I ka manawa like, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūʻali koa anti-Kelemania koʻikoʻi ma ʻEulopa.
ʻAʻole maopopo ke aupuni Kelemania i nā hana he nui a Otto i hana mau ai, ma muli o ka hoʻonāukiuki pinepine ʻana i kāna mau hoa hana. Ua hoʻāʻo ka nui o nā luna politika Kelemania e hoʻonui i ka ʻāina o ka mokuʻāina ma o nā kaua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo Bismarck i kākoʻo i ke kulekele kolone.
Ua makemake nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o ka Chancellor Iron i ka mana i hiki. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou hoihoi i ka lokahi o ka Kelemania Aupuni, akā i ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka honua. ʻO ka hopena, ua lilo ʻo 1888 i "makahiki o nā ʻemepela ʻekolu".
Ua make ʻo Wilhelm I a me kāna keiki ʻo Frederick III: ʻo ka mua mai ka wā ʻelemakule, a ʻo ka lua mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī. Ua lilo ʻo William II i poʻo hou o ka ʻāina. ʻO ia i kona wā i noho aliʻi ai ua hoʻokuʻu maoli ʻo Kelemania i ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918).
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka mōʻaukala, e lilo kēia hakakā i mea make no ka aupuni i hoʻohui ʻia e Bismarck. I ka makahiki 1890, ua haʻalele ka luna politika he 75 kona mau makahiki. ʻAʻole liʻuliʻu, hui like ʻo Palani a me Rūsia me Pelekane e kūʻē iā Kelemania.
Ke ola pilikino
Ua male ʻia ʻo Otto von Bismarck i kahi aristocrat i kapa ʻia ʻo Johann von Puttkamer. ʻ saylelo nā mea kākau moʻolelo o ka mea kālaiʻāina ua lilo kēia male i ikaika loa a hauʻoli hoʻi. He kaikamahine kā lāua wahine ʻo Maria, a me ʻelua mau keikikāne, ʻo Herbert lāua ʻo Wilhelm.
Hāʻawi ʻo Johanna i kāna kāne a me kāna kūleʻa. Manaʻo kekahi he mea nui ka wahine i ke aupuni Kelemania. Ua lilo ʻo Otto i wahine maikaʻi, ʻoiai ke aloha liʻiliʻi me Ekaterina Trubetskoy.
Ua hoihoi ka manaʻo o ka mea kālaiʻāina i ka holo lio, a me kahi leʻaleʻa maʻamau - e ʻohiʻohi ana i nā thermometers.
Make
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Bismarck i nā makahiki hope o kona ola i ka piha piha a me ka ʻike i ka nohona. Ma hope o kona hoʻomaha loa ʻana, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke poʻo o Duke o Lauenburg, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i hoʻohana ia no nā hana pilikino. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala e hōʻino ana i ka ʻōnaehana politika i ka mokuʻāina.
ʻO ka make ʻana o kāna wahine i ka 1894 he haki maoli i ka Chancellor Iron. 4 mau makahiki ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana o kāna wahine, ua nui loa kona olakino. Ua hala ʻo Otto von Bismarck ma Iulai 30, 1898 i ka makahiki 83.
Nā kiʻi Bismarck
