ʻO Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) - Alakaʻi pūʻali koa Italia, kipi, luna politika a me ka mea kākau. ʻO Hero Hero o Italia.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o kā Garibaldi biography, kahi a mākou e kamaʻilio ai ma kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Kawaihae o Garibaldi
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Giuseppe Garibaldi ma ka lā 4 o Iulai, 1807 ma ke kūlanakauhale Farani o Nice. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o ke kāpena o kahi moku liʻiliʻi ʻo Domenico Garibaldi a me kāna wahine ʻo Maria Rosa Nicoletta Raimondi, he Katolika haipule ʻo ia.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua aʻo ʻo Giuseppe i ka heluhelu a me ke kākau ʻana me 2 mau kāhuna pule, e like me ka moemoeā a kona makuahine i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lilo kāna keiki i haumāna seminare. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe makemake o ke keiki e hoʻohui i kona ola me ka haipule.
Akā, ua moemoeā ʻo Garibaldi e lilo i huakaʻi. I kona hele ʻana i ke kula, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hauʻoli i kāna mau aʻo ʻana. Akā naʻe, ʻoiai he keiki nīnauele ia, makemake nui ʻo ia i nā hana a nā mea kākau like ʻole, e like me Dante, Petrarch, Machiavelli, Walter Scott, Byron, Homer a me nā papa hana moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe.
Eia hou, ua hōʻike nui ʻo Giuseppe i ka hoihoi i ka mōʻaukala o ka pūʻali koa. Ua aloha ʻo ia i ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i nā pūkaua kaulana a me nā mea i loaʻa iā ia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo ʻItalia, Palani, Pelekania a me Paniolo. Ua hoʻāʻo nō ʻo ia e haku i kāna mau mele mua.
I kona wā ʻōpio, ua lawelawe ʻo Garibaldi ma ke ʻano he keiki kāne ma nā moku kalepa. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua kū aʻe ʻo ia i ke kūlana o ke kāpena o ka moana kālepa. Ua aloha ke kanaka i ke kai a ʻaʻole ʻo ia i minamina no ka pili ʻana o kona ola i ke ʻano kai.
ʻO ka ʻoihana koa a me ka politika
I ka makahiki 1833 ua hui ʻo Giuseppe i ke kaiāulu ʻo Young Italia. Ua kāhea ʻo ia i ka poʻe e kipi ma Genoa, a ua huhū ke aupuni. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ka ʻāina a hūnā ma lalo o kahi inoa i manaʻo ʻia ma Tunisia a laila ma Marseille.
Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, ua holo ʻo Garibaldi i kahi moku i Brazil. I ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaua ma ka Repubalika o Rio Grande, ua kau pinepine ʻo ia i nā moku kaua. Ua kauoha ke kāpena i ka flotilla o Pelekikena Bento Gonsalvis a lilo i kaulana nui i ka nui o ʻAmelika Hema.
I ka 1842, ʻo Giuseppe, me nā poʻe manaʻo like, lilo i legionnaire o Uruguay, e hana nui ana i ka pale o ka mokuʻāina. Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka Pope Pius IX, ua hoʻoholo ka luna koa e holo i Roma, me ka manaʻo he pono ko Italia i kāna kākoʻo.
I ka manawa 1848-1849. huhū ka Italia Revolution, a ukali ʻia e ke kaua Austro-ʻItalia. Ua ʻākoakoa koke ʻo Garibaldi i kahi hui aloha ʻāina me nā mea āna i manaʻo ai e hele kūʻē aku i nā Austrian.
ʻO nā hana a nā kāhuna Katolika i koi aku iā Giuseppe e noʻonoʻo hou i kāna mau manaʻo politika. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i kahi kipi ma Roma, e hoʻolaha ana i kahi ʻōnaehana repubalika. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hero aupuni no ka poʻe ʻItalia.
I ka hopena, i ka waena o 1848, ua lawe ka Pope i ka mana i loko o kāna mau lima ponoʻī, ʻo kahi hopena a Garibaldi i mahuka ai i ka ʻĀkau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka poʻe kipi i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ke kūʻē.
I hoʻokahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hū ke kaua no ka hoʻohui ʻana o Italia, kahi a Giuseppe i hakakā ai ma ke kūlana o ka pūkaua nui i nā pūʻali koa o nā moku Sardinia. He mau haneli kipi i luku ʻia ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ua lilo ʻo Milan a me Lombardy i ʻāpana o ke Aupuni Sardinia, a ua koho ʻia ʻo Garibaldi i ka ʻahaʻōlelo.
I ka makahiki 1860, i ka hālāwai o ka hale kōmike, ua hōʻole kekahi kāne i ka noho o ka hope a me ke kūlana nui, e wehewehe ana ua hoʻolilo ʻo Cavour iā ia i haole no Roma. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu lilo ʻo ia i dictator o Sisilia, ka mea makemake ʻole e lilo i ʻāpana o ka ʻāina.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ma hope o ka hōʻeha ʻia i ke kaua ma Aspromot, ua hoʻopakele ke kahu Lūkini ʻo Nikolai Pirogov i ke ola o Giuseppe. Ua hoʻāʻo pinepine ka pūʻali koa o Garibaldi e noho ma Roma, akā ʻaʻole kūleʻa kēia mau hoʻāʻo.
ʻO ka hope loa, ua hopu ʻia ka pūkaua a lawe pio ʻia i ka mokupuni ʻo Caprera. I kona wā i lawe pio ʻia ai, ua kākau ʻo ia i mau leka i kāna mau hoapili, a ua kākau pū kekahi i kekahi mau hana e pili ana i ke kumuhana o ke kaua hoʻokuʻu. ʻO ka puke moʻolelo loa ʻo Clelia, a i ʻole ke Aupuni o nā Kahuna.
I ke kaʻina o kahi hakakā pūʻali koa ma waena o ka mokuʻāina Kelemania a me Palani, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Giuseppe i loko o ka nāhelehele, a laila ua hui pū ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa o Napoleon III. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka poʻe o ka wā ua hakakā wiwo ʻole ʻo Garibaldi e kūʻē i nā Kelemania, a lilo ia i ʻike ʻia e nā luna kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻaʻole ia he kamaʻāina wale nō, akā ua kamaʻilio pū kekahi nā mea kūʻē iā Giuseppe me ka mahalo. Ma kahi hālāwai o ka National Assembly, ua ʻōlelo ka mea kākau Palani ʻo Victor Hugo penei: "... o nā pūkaua āpau i hakakā ma ka ʻaoʻao o Palani, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i eo ʻole."
Ua haʻalele ʻo Garibaldi mai ka hope o ka hope, a me ke kauoha e alakaʻi i ka pūʻali koa. Ma hope, ua hāʻawi hou ʻia ʻo ia i ka hope hope, akā ua hōʻole hou ke alakaʻi i kēia hāʻawi. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e nānā ʻo ia e like me kahi "mea kanu exotic" i ka pāremaka.
I ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia ai iā Giuseppe kahi penihana nui, hōʻole ʻo ia iā ia, akā ua hoʻololi hou i kona manaʻo, no ka mea ua loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. I ka manawa like, hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā kālā he nui i ke aloha.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻO ka wahine mua o ke kipi ʻo Anna Maria di Jesús Ribeira, ʻo ia i hui ai ma Brazil. I kēia male ʻana, ua hānau ʻia he 2 mau kaikamahine - Teresa lāua ʻo Rosa, a me 2 mau keiki kāne - Menotti lāua ʻo Riccioti. Ua komo pū ʻo Anna i loko o nā kaua me Roma, a make hoʻi i ka malaria.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua male ʻo Garibaldi iā Giuseppina Raimondi, akā ua hōʻole ʻia kēia hui 19 makahiki ma hope. Ua hoʻokuʻu aku ʻo ia i kāna wahine, ua hele ʻo ia iā Francesca Armosino, e hānai ana i kahi keikikāne a me nā kaikamahine i hānau ʻia ma mua o ka male male.
He kaikamahine ʻokoʻa ʻo Giuseppe, ʻo Anna Maria, na Battistina Ravello. Ua make ʻo ia i ka makahiki 16 mai ke kanulau ʻoi loa. Wahi a nā mea kākau moʻolelo a Garibaldi, aia ia i loko o kahi pilina me nā aristocrats ʻo Paolina Pepoli lāua ʻo Emma Roberts, a ʻo Jesse White hoʻi ke kipi.
He mea hoihoi ua hāʻawi pinepine ka mea kākau ʻo Ellis Melena i ke kōkua kālā i ka luna koa, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻomanaʻo e ola nei. Ua ʻike loea ʻo Giuseppe i lālā o ka hale Masoniko, kahi i haku ʻia no ka "Hikina Nui o ʻItalia".
Make
Ma mua iki o kona make ʻana, ua hele ʻo Garibaldi maʻi loa i kahi huakaʻi lanakila i Sisilia, kahi mea i hōʻoia hou i kona kaulana maikaʻi i waena o nā Italia maʻamau.
Ua make ʻo Giuseppe Garibaldi ma ka lā 2 o Iune, 1882 i ka makahiki 74. Ua hāʻawi ʻia i kāna wahine kāne make a me kāna mau keiki ʻōpio i kahi kālā he 10,000 mau lire na ke aupuni.
Nā kiʻi Garibaldi
