Puʻuloa - awa ma ka mokupuni ʻo Oahu, aia ma ka wai o ka pae ʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ke awa a me nā panalāʻau e pili ana e noho ʻia e ke kikowaena waena o ka Pacific Fleet o ka US Navy.
Ua lilo ʻo Pearl Harbor i mea kaulana i ka honua no ka ulia pōpilikia i hana ʻia ma Kēkēmapa 7, 1941. Ua kūʻē aku ʻo Iapana i nā kahua pūʻali koa ʻAmelika, a ʻo ia ka hopena i hōʻike koke aku ai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke kaua ʻana i ka poʻe Kepanī, a ua komo pū nō hoʻi i ke Kaua Honua II (1939-1945).
Hoʻouka kaua ʻo Pearl Harbor
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma Pearl Harbor mai Iāpana kahi ʻano like. Ua hoʻohana ke aupuni Kepani i kēia ʻano hana:
- 6 mau mokulele mokulele e hāpai ana i nā mokulele koa 441 me nā mea kaua kūpono;
- 2 mau moku kaua;
- nā holoholo moku o nā lako wai like ʻole;
- 11 mau mea luku (e like me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe 9);
- Nā moku lalo 6.
Ke hoʻouka nei i ka Harbor Harbor, ua ʻimi nā Iapana e hoʻopau i ka mana hakakā o ka American Pacific Fleet i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka kaohi i nā wai o Hikina Hema Asia. I ke kakahiaka o Kēkēmapa 7, ua hoʻōla kā lākou mokulele i ka hana e luku i nā kahua mokulele a me nā moku i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Pearl Harbor.
A ʻo kahi hopena, 4 mau moku kaua ʻAmelika, 2 mau moku wawahi ʻehā a me 4 mau moku kaua i piholo ʻia, ʻaʻole helu ʻia ʻekolu mau holowaʻa a hoʻokahi mea luku, i loaʻa ka pōʻino nui. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ua luku ʻia nā mokulele ʻo 188 US a ua hōʻino nui ʻia kekahi 159. I kēia kaua, ua make he 2,403 mau koa ʻAmelika a ua hōʻeha ʻia he 1,178.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ʻānai ʻia ʻo Iapana i nā poho liʻiliʻi he nui loa, no ka lilo ʻana o 29 mau mokulele a me 5 mau moku kai liʻiliʻi. He 64 mau koa i lilo i ke kanaka.
Nā hopena
Ke kālailai nei i ka hoʻouka kaua ma Pearl Harbor, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻoholo ua hoʻokō ʻo Iapana i kahi kūleʻa nui loa i ka hana. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua kāohi ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o Hikina Hema ʻo Asia ma kahi o ʻeono mau mahina.
Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoe e nānā i ke kiʻi piha, a laila no ka Pacific Fleet o ka US Navy, ʻaʻole i lilo ka hoʻouka kaua ma Pearl Harbor i mau hopena weliweli. Ma muli o kēia o nā moku a pau i pohō, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻAmelika ke hoʻihoʻi i 4 wale nō o lākou.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoiai e hoʻāʻo nei e luku i nā moku kaua a me nā mokulele, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ka Kepani i kekahi mau pono hana koʻikoʻi a me nā mālama mālama i hiki i ka United States ke hoʻohana i nā kaua e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea lawe mokulele ʻAmelika o kēia manawa i kahi ʻē aʻe, a no laila koe ka ʻole.
ʻO ka moku kaua kaua i luku ʻia e ka poʻe Kepani ua hala mua. Ma waho o kēia, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻoweliweli hou i ka ʻenemi, ʻoiai ma kēlā mokulele kaua ka mana luku loa. Eia hou, ʻoiai ka luku ʻana o Iapana i ka nui o nā mokulele US, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā hopena i ʻoi aku ka nui.
ʻO ka mea kupanaha, a i ʻole, me ka manaʻo ʻole paha, ua hōʻeuʻeu nā ʻauwaʻa Kepani iā Pearl Harbor i ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea lawe mokulele ma luna ona. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua lilo kēia mau lawe mokulele i pūʻali koa nui US ma kēlā kaua.
