ʻO kekahi o nā "Hiku Kūloko" o ka honua a me ʻEulopa, kahi i hānau ʻia ai ka mauna mauna Lūkia ʻo Mount Elbrus - Meka no nā mea hoʻokele waʻa, manuahi, nā ʻōlapa e ʻino nei i nā pali. Me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino kūpono a me nā pono kūpono, hoʻolohe ka pilikua mauna i kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hoʻopiha ia i nā kahawai o ka North Caucasus me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ola.
Kahi o Mount Elbrus
Ma kahi e waiho ana ka palena o ka repubalika ʻo Karachay-Cherkess a me Kabardino-Balkarian, piʻi ka "mauna o hoʻokahi tausani mauna". No laila ua kāhea ʻia ʻo Elbrus ma ka ʻōlelo Karachai-Balkarian. Nā kikowaena ʻāina o ka wahi:
- latitude and longitude: 43 ° 20'45 ″ N ., 42 ° 26'55. in. a pēlā aku.
- Hiki i nā piko o ke komohana a me ka hikina ke 5642 a me 5621 m ma luna o ka pae kai.
Aia nā piko ma kahi mamao o ʻekolu mau kilomita mai kēlā me kēia. Ma lalo ma waena o lākou, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5416 m, holo ka noho lio, mai kahi e lanakila ai ka ʻāpana hope loa o ka piʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kūlana kūlohelohe
ʻO nā makahiki o ka pilikua i hana ʻia ma mua o 1 miliona mau makahiki. He lua pele pele i mua. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kona ʻano. Hoʻomehana ʻia nā wai wai mineral i +60 ° C, e kahe ana mai nā pōhaku mai, e hōʻike nei i ka lua pele e hiamoe nei no kekahi manawa. ʻO ka pele hope loa aia ma 50 AD. e
Hōʻike ʻia ke kuahiwi e ke aniau ʻino. I ka hoʻoilo, kau ka mahana mai -10 ° C ma ka lalo a i -25 ° C ma kahi o 2500 m, ma nā piko a hiki i -40 ° C. ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā hāʻule hau nui ma Elbrus.
I ke kauwela, ma lalo o kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2500 m, wela ka ea a +10 ° C. Ma 4200 m, Iulai nā mahana ma lalo o 0 ° C. Kūleʻa ʻole ke ʻano o ka manawa ma aneʻi: hoʻololi pinepine ʻia kahi lā mālie lā e ka wā maikaʻi ʻole me ka hau a me ka makani. ʻAlohilohi ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma Rūsia i nā lā kū lā. I ke anilā maikaʻi ʻole, uhi ʻia ia e ka ao huehu o nā ao huluhulu.
ʻO ke kuahiwi kōkua o ka ʻāina ʻo Elbrus - nā kahawai, nā waihona pōhaku, nā kahawai waiū, nā wailele o nā wailele. Ma hope o kahi māka o 3500 m ma ka mauna Elbrus, nā glacial kars me nā loko, nā pali me ka moraine weliweli, a ʻike ʻia nā pōhaku neʻe he nui. ʻO ka nui o nā kaina glacial he 145 km².
Ma 5500 m, ke kaomi honua 380 mm Hg, hapalua o ka honua.
ʻO ka pōkole e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka naʻi aupuni
Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka huakaʻi ʻepekema Lūkini mua iā Elbrus i ka makahiki 1829. ʻAʻole i hōʻea nā mea komo i ka piko, ua naʻi wale ʻia e ke alakaʻi. 45 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua piʻi aʻe kahi hui o ka poʻe Pelekane me ke kōkua o kahi alakaʻi i ka piko komohana o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma ʻEulopa. Ua hoʻomohala mua ʻia ka palapala ʻāina topographic o ka wahi e ka mea noiʻi pūʻali koa Lūkia ʻo Pastukhov, ka mea i piʻi aʻe i luna i nā piko ʻelua. I loko o nā makahiki o ka mana Soviet, ua hoʻomohala ka ʻāina i ka mauna mauna haʻuki, ʻo ka naʻi ʻana o nā piko o ka Caucasus kahi mea hanohano.
ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ka mauna hau, anuanu ʻo Elbrus Mountain i nā mea aloha. Hoʻolilo lākou i ko lākou mau lā nui ma kahakai ʻaʻole nui, akā i ke ala i kahi pali neoneo i mea e ikaika ai a mau loa ai hoʻi. Aia kekahi moʻolelo kaulana e pili ana i ka Balkarian Akhiy Sattaev, nāna i piʻi 9 i nā piko, ʻo ka manawa hope loa i ka makahiki 121.
Pākuʻi hale, skiing
Hoʻolālā kūpono ka maʻalahi o nā pono a me nā lawelawe ma ka pali hema o Elbrus, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kaʻa uila 12 km, nā hōkele, nā pae pae no nā helikopter. ʻO nā ala ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ua pale ʻia i ka pā liʻiliʻi, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole e ālai i ka neʻe manuahi ʻana. Aia nā hāpai ma nā ala nui. ʻO 35 km ka lōʻihi o nā pali. Aia nā ala no nā mea pāʻani a me ka hoʻomaka.
Aia kekahi kula ski a me ka hoʻolimalima pono pono haʻuki. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka piʻi ʻana i nā pali e nā kahu hau (alpine taxi). Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā Freeriders e ka helikopter i nā pali puʻupaʻa, mai kahi e holo ai i lalo me ka wikiwiki.
Hoʻomaka ka wā skiing i ka waenakonu o Nowemapa a mau a ʻApelila I kekahi manawa moe nui ka hau ma nā pali o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe ʻo Elbrus a hiki i Mei. Loaʻa nā wahi i wae ʻia no ka poʻe holoholo holoʻokoʻa i ka makahiki. ʻO Dombay (1600-3050 m) ka hale hoʻokipa Lūkini nani loa a hanohano hoʻi. Makemake ka hapa nui o nā skiers i nā pali o Cheget, ka mea hoʻokūkū i nā pali ski ʻEulopa. Mai ka papa e nānā ai, leʻaleʻa ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i nā manaʻo o ke ʻano a puni, e hoʻomaha i ka cafe hoʻomana ʻo "Ay", kahi i kipa pinepine ai ka bard Y. Vizbor.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i nā lele lele, piʻi i luna o nā pōhaku hau. E hoʻāla ʻia ʻo Ratracks i nā pali kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike i ka panorama o ka Caucasus. Hōʻike nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi o ia wahi i ka nani austere o ka ʻāina a puni. Ma ka wāwae o ke kuahiwi, hoʻokipa ʻia nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e nā hale ʻāina, nā hale ʻāina, nā lumi billiard, nā saunas.
Hōʻike o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mauna
ʻOiai kekahi mau lā i ke aniau mauna he hōʻike paʻakikī ia no kahi kanaka hoʻomākaukau ʻole. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no nā mea hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka i ke ala paʻakikī i ka waena o ke kauwela mai ka pali hema ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a kahi alakaʻi ʻike. Hoʻohuli me nā ʻōlelo o ka acclimatization, koi ʻia ka loaʻa o nā pono kūpono. Kū ka wā piʻi i Mei a Kepakemapa, i kekahi manawa a i ka mua ʻOkakopa.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ala o nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa ma Elbrus. Mai ka hema, lawe nā mākaʻikaʻi i kahi kaʻa uila i kahi o ke ala i luna. Me ka piʻi hou aʻe, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā huakaʻi acclimatization i kahi kiʻekiʻe.
No ka leʻaleʻa, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hale hoʻomalu ma luna o nā aniani, e laʻa me nā hale kaʻa insulated "Bochki" (3750 m) a i ʻole ka hōkele hōʻoluʻolu "Liprus" (3912 m). E hoʻomaha i ka hōkele mauna kiʻekiʻe "Priyut 11" (4100 m) a me nā piʻi acclimatization i nā Pōhaku Pastukhov (4700 m) e hoʻoikaika i ke kino, hoʻomākaukau i nā mākaʻikaʻi no ka hopena koʻikoʻi.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ala ʻākau ma mua o ka hema, he pōhaku a lōʻihi ka manawa. Holo ia i ka piko hikina ma o ka Lenz Rocks (4600-5200 m). ʻAʻohe o kahi lawelawe ma aneʻi, akā ʻo adrenaline, koʻikoʻi, kū hoʻokahi i nā ʻāina Caucasian me ka ʻole o nā laha o ka lāhui i hāʻawi ʻia. Hana ʻia ke kū ma ka Hale Hoʻokū ʻĀkau. Hele ka iho i waena o nā "ʻalalā pōhaku" a me nā punawai wela o ka moku Dzhily-Su (2500 m) me kahi lua narzan, i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kauwela ma ke ʻano he ʻauʻau no ka ʻauʻau.
Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā i ka Himalayas.
Hiki i nā ʻōlapa ikaika ke hoʻoikaika kino i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nani ma ke kahe pele o Akcheryakol.
Huakaʻi i ka mauna Elbrus
Hāʻawi nā alakaʻi alakaʻi a me nā ʻoihana i nā lawelawe i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e makemake ana e piʻi palekana i nā piko, hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ʻike kūpono. Pono nā mea e komo ana i ka piʻina e hoʻomanaʻo e hōʻike ana ʻo Mount Elbrus i nā mea pūʻiwa i ke ʻano o nā phenomena kūlohelohe ʻole.
- ʻino maikaʻi ʻole - ke anuanu, ka hau, ka makani, ʻike maikaʻi ʻole;
- ea lahilahi, nele o ka oxygen;
- pāhawewe ultraviolet ʻino;
- ke kūʻana o nā kinoea sulfurous.
Makemake ʻia e huakaʻi nā mea mākaʻikaʻi me kahi ʻūlū kaumaha, e noho i ka pō i nā hale lole anu, a nele i nā mea pono. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻohana i kahi koʻi hau, hele wāwae i kahi pūʻolo ma kahi pā hau, a hoʻolohe i ke aʻo ʻana e hiki mai ana. Pono e nānā pono i ka ikaika, ka mokuʻāina o ke olakino i mea e hōʻalo ai i nā hanana i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Pehea e hiki ai i laila
He mau kaʻaahi a me nā pilina ea me nā kūlanakauhale Lūkia nā hōkele o Stavropol. Mai aneʻi i nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa holo wāwae, holo kaʻa kaʻaahi, hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻolimalima kaʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia nā hui huakaʻi me kahi hoʻololi.
Holo kahi kaʻaahi i Nalchik mai ke kahua kaʻaahi ʻo Moscow Kazansky. ʻO ka huakaʻi ma kahi o 34 mau hola. Mai St. Petersburg hele wale ke kaʻaahi iā Mineralnye Vody.
Hele nā kaʻa ʻōhua maʻamau mai Moscow aku a Nalchik a me Mineralnye Vody, e pili ana i ka lawelawe kaʻa ʻōhua a i nā kuahiwi.
Lawe ʻia nā mokulele mai Moscow mai i Nalchik a me Mineralnye Vody, mai St. Petersburg a Nalchik - me kahi hoʻololi.
