Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) - mea noʻonoʻo ʻItalia, luna politika, akeakamai, mea kākau a mea kākau o nā hana theoretical pūʻali koa. Kakauolelo o ke Kuhina Nui Elua, ka mea nāna e mālama i ka pili pili aupuni o ka ʻāina. ʻO kekahi o kāna mau hana nui nui loa ke Aliʻi.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Machiavelli, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Niccolo Machiavelli.
ʻO Biiavelli biography
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Niccolo Machiavelli ma ka lā 3 o Mei, 1469 ma Florence. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i ka ʻohana o ka loio ʻo Bernardo di Niccolo lāua ʻo Bartolomei di Stefano. Hoʻohui iā ia, he ʻekolu mau keiki hou a nā mākua o Machiavelli.
Wahi a Niccolo, ua lilo kona wā kamaliʻi i ka ʻilihune. Akā naʻe, ua hiki i kona mau mākua ke hāʻawi iā ia i kahi aʻo maikaʻi, ma muli o ka hopena ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā papa mele Italia a me Lakina, a makemake pū kekahi i nā hana a Joseph Flavius, Plutarch, Cicero a me nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai i kona wā ʻōpio, ua hoihoi nui ʻo Machiavelli i ka politika. I ka wā i lilo ai ʻo Savonarola i ka mana ma Florence me kāna mau hilinaʻi repubalika, ua kūhewa ke kanaka i kāna papa politika.
Palapala
Ua hāʻule ke ola a me ka hana a Niccolo i ka Renaissance huikau. I kēia manawa, he pūʻali koa nui kā ka Pope, a aia nā kūlanakauhale nui o Italia ma lalo o ke aupuni o nā ʻāina like ʻole. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mana e kekahi, a ʻo ka hopena i wāwahi ʻia ai ka mokuʻāina e nā haunaele a me nā hoʻouka kaua.
I ka makahiki 1494, ua hui pū ʻo Machiavelli i ka Chancellery ʻelua o ka Lepupalika ʻo Florentine. ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻAha Kūkā o Kanawalukū, nāna i alakaʻi i ka diplomacy a me nā ʻoihana koa.
I ka manawa like, ua lawe ʻo Niccolò i nā kūlana o ke kākau ʻōlelo a me ka ʻelele, e ʻoliʻoli nei i ka mana nui ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia o Savonarola. Mai ka 1502 ua ukali ʻo ia i nā kūleʻa politika o Cesare Borgia, ka mea i ʻimi e hana i kona mokuʻāina ponoʻī ma waena o Italia.
A ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hiki i ka Borgia ke hoʻokō i kāna pahuhopu, ua haʻaheo ʻo Machiavelli e pili ana i kāna mau hana. Ma ke ʻano he politika a kupa a paʻa hoʻi, ua loaʻa ʻo Cesare i nā pōmaikaʻi i nā kūlana āpau. ʻO ia ke kumu i aloha ai ʻo Niccolò i kāna hana radical.
Wahi a kekahi mau kuhikuhi e ola nei, i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki o ke kamaʻilio kokoke ʻana me Cesare Borgia, ua manaʻo ʻo Machiavelli e holo i ka mokuʻāina. No laila, ʻo ia ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hoʻomohala i kāna ʻike ponoʻī o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mokuʻāina, i hoʻokumu ʻia i kāna hana "Aliʻi".
I loko o kēia kuʻikahi, ua wehewehe ka mea kākau i nā ʻano hana o ka hopu ʻana i ka mana a me ka lula, a me nā mākau he nui e pono ai no ka luna kūpono. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa ua paʻi ʻia ka puke 5 mau makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka make ʻana o Machiavelli. ʻO ka hopena, ua lilo ke "Aliʻi Nui" i hana nui no kona au, e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mokuʻāina a me kāna hoʻokele.
I ka wā o ka Renaissance, ua loaʻa i ke akeakamai kūlohelohe kekahi ʻano kaulana. E pili ana i kēia, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i nā aʻo hou, i ʻokoʻa loa mai nā manaʻo a me nā kuʻuna o ka wā waena. ʻO nā mea noʻonoʻo e like me Leonardo da Vinci, Copernicus a me Cusan i hōʻike i nā manaʻo hou he nui.
Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻomaka ke Akua e ʻike me ke kūlohelohe. Hoʻololi nui nā hakakā politika a me nā ʻike ʻepekema i ka hana ma hope o Niccolò Machiavelli.
Ma 1513 ua hopu ʻia ka diploma ma nā kumu o ke kuikahi i kahi kipi kūʻē i ka Medici. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻomāinoino ʻia ʻo ia ma ka papa. Ua hōʻole ʻo ia i ke komo ʻana i ka kipi kipi, akā ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia naʻe ʻo ia i ka make.
Mahalo wale ia i ke kala aloha i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Machiavelli. Ma hope o kēlā, ua holo ʻo ia mai Florence a hoʻomaka i ke kākau ʻana i nā hana hou. ʻO nā hana ma hope mai i lawe ʻia iā ia ka kaulana o kahi akeakamai kālaiʻike loea.
Eia naʻe, ua kākau ke kāne ʻaʻole wale e pili ana i ka politika. ʻO ia ka mea kākau o kekahi mau hana keaka, a me ka puke ma ka Art of War. I loko o ka puke kuikahi, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi hōʻuluʻulu kikoʻī o nā kaua nui i ka mōʻaukala honua, a kālailai pū ʻia hoʻi i nā ʻano hui like ʻole o nā pūʻali koa.
Ua haʻi ʻo Niccolo Machiavelli i ka hilinaʻi ʻole o nā hana hoʻokupu, e mahalo ana i nā mea i loaʻa i ka pūʻali koa o ko Roma. Ma 1520 ua hoʻi ʻo ia i kona homeland, ke loaʻa nei iā ia ka pou o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.
I kāna mau kākau ʻana, ua noʻonoʻo ka mea kākau i ke ʻano o ke ola, i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka mōʻī, ma ka ʻoihana koa lehulehu, a pēlā aku. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i nā ʻano aupuni āpau i 6 ʻano - 3 maikaʻi (oligarchy, tyranny, anarchy) a me 3 maikaʻi (monarchy, democracy, aristocracy).
I ka makahiki 1559, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā kākau a Niccolo Machiavelli e Pope Paul 4 ma ka Index o nā puke pāpā. Loaʻa i ka Italia ka nui o nā aphorism, me kēia mau mea:
- Inā kū ʻoe maoli, no laila makaʻu ʻole i ka hoʻopaʻi.
- ʻO ka mea aloha aloha iā ia iho he mau hoaaloha maikaʻi kāna.
- He mau hoaaloha ko ka mea lanakila, a he mau hoa aloha maoli kā ka mea eo.
- ʻAʻole inaina ʻia nā makaʻāina ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pā kaua āpau e nā kānaka: ʻo kēlā me kēia hale paʻa nā hale paʻa, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻōla inā inaina ʻia ʻoe e ka lehulehu.
- Aloha nā kānaka e like me ko lākou makemake, akā makaʻu lākou e like me ka makemake o ka Emepera.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻO Marietta Di Luigi Corsini ka wahine a Machiavelli, no ka ʻohana ʻilihuna. Ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia hui ʻana e ka helu ʻana, a kuhikuhi nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ola o nā ʻohana ʻelua.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hiki i ka wahine ke ʻike i kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau a aʻo i nā leʻaleʻa a pau o ka male hauʻoli. I ka huina, he 5 keiki a ka wahine. ʻ declarelelo nā mea kākau moʻolelo o ka mea noʻonoʻo i loko o kāna huakaʻi diploma ua pili pinepine ʻo Niccolo i nā pilina aloha me nā kaikamahine like ʻole.
Make
I kona ola a pau, ua moeʻuhane ke kanaka i ka pōmaikaʻi o Florence, akā ʻaʻole kēia i hana. I ka makahiki 1527, ua hoʻoneʻe ka pūʻali Sepania iā Roma, a ʻaʻole pono ke aupuni hou iā Niccolo.
ʻO kēia a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe i hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino o ka mea akeakamai. Ua make ʻo Niccolo Machiavelli ma Iune 21, 1527 i ka makahiki 58. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kahi o kāna kanu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hale pule ʻo Florence o ke Keʻa Hemolele, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi pōhaku kupapaʻu e hoʻomanaʻo ai iā Machiavelli.
Na Niccolo Machiavelli i kiʻi
