ʻO Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) - mea manaʻo Kelemania, kekahi o nā akeakamai poʻokela o ke kenekulia 20. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana kaulana loa o ka Kelemania ola.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino Heidegger, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Martin Heidegger.
Kawaihae o Heidegger
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Martin Heidegger ma ka lā 26 Kepakemapa, 1889 ma ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia ʻo Messkirche. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana Katolika me kahi loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa. He kahuna pule haʻahaʻa kona makuakāne i ka hale pule, ʻoiai he mahiʻai kona makuahine.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua aʻo ʻo Martin ma nā hale haʻuki. I kona wā kamaliʻi, lawelawe ʻo ia ma ka hale pule. I kona wā ʻōpio, ua noho ʻo ia i ka seminary episcopal ma Freiburg, me ka manaʻo e lawe i ka tonure a hui pū me ka Jesuit.
Eia naʻe, ma muli o nā pilikia puʻuwai, ua haʻalele ʻo Heidegger i ka mōneka. I ka makahiki 20, ua lilo ʻo ia i haumana no nā kumu aʻo theological ma ke Kulanui o Freiburg. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻololi i ke kumu o ka akeakamai.
Ma hope o ka puka ʻana, ua hiki iā Martin ke pale aku i 2 mau pepa e pili ana i nā kumuhana "Ke aʻo o ka hoʻokolokolo ma ka psychologism" a me "Ke aʻo a Duns Scott ma nā ʻano a me nā manaʻo." He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma muli o ke olakino olakino, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i lawelawe i ka pūʻali koa.
I 1915 Heidegger i hana ai ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo polopeka ma ke Kulanui o Freiburg ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka theology. I loko o kēia wā o kāna moʻomeheu, haʻi ʻōlelo ʻo ia. I kēlā manawa, ua lilo kona makemake i nā manaʻo o ka Kakolika a me ke akeakamai Karistiano. I nā 1920 mua, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hana ma ke Kulanui o Marburg.
Akeakamai
Ua hoʻomaka ka hana akeakamai a Martin Heidegger ma lalo o ka mana o nā manaʻo o Edmund Husserl. Ua hele mai ka kaulana mua iā ia i ka makahiki 1927, ma hope o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka puke kuʻuna mua ma ke ʻano ʻo "Being and Time".
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i kēia lā ʻo ia ʻo "Being and Time" i manaʻo ʻia he hana nui a Heidegger. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia kēia puke ʻo ia kekahi o nā hana ikona o ka 20 kenekulia i ka ʻike akeakamai. I loko ona, ua noʻonoʻo ka mea kākau i ka manaʻo o ke ʻano.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo nui i kā Martin akeakamai ʻo "Dasein", e wehewehe nei i ke ola o kekahi kanaka i ka honua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia wale i ka prism o nā ʻike, akā ʻaʻole ka ʻike. Ma waho o kēia, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ʻo "Dasein" i ke ʻano noʻonoʻo.
ʻOiai mālama ʻia i ka ʻōlelo, pono ʻia kahi ʻano ākea o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻo Heidegger i hoʻomohala i ka papa o nā hermeneutics ontological, i ʻae ai i kekahi e ʻike i ka naʻaupō, a e hōʻike pū i kāna ʻike pohihihi, me ka ʻole o ka nānā ʻana a me ka noʻonoʻo.
Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Martin Heidegger i nā metaphysics, ma nā ʻano he nui i alakaʻi ʻia e ka akeakamai o Nietzsche. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua kākau ʻo ia i puke i kona hanohano, ʻo Nietzsche a me ka Emptiness. I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia e paʻi i nā hana hou, e like me Detachment, Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, a me ka nīnau o ka ʻenehana.
I loko o kēia mau hana a me nā hana ʻē aʻe, ua wehewehe ʻo Heidegger i kāna mau noʻonoʻo ʻana i kekahi pilikia ʻikepili. I ka manawa i hele ai ka Nazis i ka mana i nā 1930 mua, ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i kā lākou kumumanaʻo. ʻO ka hopena, i ka puna o 1933, ua hui pū kekahi kāne i nā kūlana o ka NSDAP.
ʻIke ʻia aia ʻo Martin i ka pāʻina a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II (1939-1945). A ʻo kahi hopena, ua lilo ʻo ia i anti-Semite, i hōʻike ʻia e kāna mau moʻolelo ponoʻī.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua hōʻole ka ʻepekema i ke kākoʻo mea ʻole i nā haumāna Iudaio, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi i hele mai i ka hoʻolewa o kāna alakaʻi ʻo Husserl, he Iudaio ia ma ka lāhui. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo ia mai ke aʻo ʻana a hiki i ka 1951.
Ma hope o kona hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he polofesa, ua kākau ʻo Heidegger i mau hana hou aku, e like me "Nā alahele nahele", "ʻIke a me nā ʻokoʻa", "I ka ʻōlelo", "He aha ka manaʻo?" ʻē aʻe.
Ke ola pilikino
I ka makahiki 27, ua male ʻo Martin i kāna haumāna ʻo Elfriede Petrie, ʻo ia ʻo Lākana. I kēia male, he keikikāne kā lāua, ʻo Jorg. Ua ʻōlelo nā mea kākau moʻolelo a Heidegger aia ia i loko o kahi pilina aloha me ka wahine wahine a kāna wahine, ʻo Elizabeth Blochmann, a me kāna haumāna ʻo Hana Arendt.
Make
Ua make ʻo Martin Heidegger ma ka lā 26 o Mei 1976 i ka makahiki 86. ʻO ke olakino maikaʻi ke kumu o kona make ʻana.
Nā kiʻi Heidegger
