Ma ke kikowaena moʻolelo o ke kapikala aia kahi hale kuhikuhina ʻike nui ʻia ma Lūkia - ka Moscow Kremlin. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka ensemble kuhikuhina kāna mea e hoʻoikaika ai, ʻo ia hoʻi nā paia i ke ʻano o kahi triangle me iwakālua mau hale kiaʻi.
Kūkulu ʻia ka mea paʻakikī ma waena o 1485 a me 1499 a mālama maikaʻi ʻia a hiki i kēia lā. Ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻohālikelike no nā pā kaua like i kū i nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o Lūkia - Kazan, Tula, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o nā paia o Kremlin he nui nā hale haipule a me nā honua - nā hale pule nui, nā hale aliʻi a me nā hale hoʻomalu o nā wā ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka Kremlin i ka UNESCO World Heritage List ma 1990. Me ka Square Red e pili ana, aia ma kēia papa inoa, ʻo Kremlin ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia ma Moscow.
Nā Cataldals o ka Kremlin o Moscow
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ensemble kuhikihi e ʻekolu mau luakini, i waenakonu Hale Pule Manaʻo... Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo o ka hale pule ma 1475. ʻO ia ka hale i mālama piha ʻia i waena o nā hale Kremlin āpau.
I ka manawa mua, ua kūkulu ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana ma 1326-1327 ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ʻIvani I. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana, ua lilo ka hale pule i hale pule o ka Metropolitan o Moscow, ka mea i noho ma mua o ka Patriarchal Palace o kēia manawa.
Ma ka 1472, ua luku ʻia ka hale pule nui i wāwahi ʻia i kēia manawa, a laila kūkulu ʻia kahi hale hou i kona wahi. Eia naʻe, ua hiolo ia i Mei 1474, ma muli paha o ke ōlaʻi a i ʻole no nā hewa i ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻO kahi hoʻāʻo hou i ke ala hou e ka Grand Duke ʻIvana III. Ma loko o kēia hale pule ua mālama ʻia nā pule ma mua o nā hoʻouka kaua nui, ua kau ʻia nā mōʻī a ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia i ka hanohano o nā kūpuna.
Hale Pule Nui o ka ʻAnekelo nui hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Archangel Michael, ka mea mālama o nā aliʻi Lūkini, i kūkulu ʻia ma 1505 ma ke kahua o ka hale pule o ka inoa like ma 1333. Kūkulu ʻia ia e ka loea ʻItalia ʻo Aloisio Lamberti da Montignana. Hoʻohui ka kaila kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka hana kuʻuna hoʻomana Lūkia kahiko a me nā mea o ka Renaissance ʻItalia.
Halepule ʻo Blagoveshchensky Aia ma ke kihi komohana hema o ka square. I ka makahiki 1291 ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale pule lāʻau ma aneʻi, akā i hoʻokahi kenekulia ma hope ua kuni ke ahi a ua pani ʻia e ka hale pule pōhaku. ʻO ka hale pule pōhaku keʻokeʻo he ʻeiwa mau ʻohana onion ma kona alo a no ka ʻohana.
Nā hola hana o nā hale pule: 10:00 a 17:00 (pani ʻia i ka Pōʻahā). ʻO kahi likiki no nā kipa e uku ʻia 500 rubles no nā mākua a me 250 rubles no nā keiki.
Nā hale aliʻi a me nā square o ka Moscow Kremlin
- Hale Aliʻi ʻo Kremlin Nui - He mau hale keia o ka honua i kū i ke ʻano, i hana ʻia i nā kenekulia ʻokoʻa a lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he home no nā makuakāne nui a me nā tsars nui Lūkia, a i ko mākou manawa no nā pelekikena.
- Hale Aliʻi ʻo Terem - hale ʻelima mau papa, hoʻonani ʻia me nā mōlina hoʻonani kālai waiwai a me kahi kaupaku i kaupaku ʻia.
- Hale Aliʻi Patriarchal - ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kenekulia 17, ua mālama ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano laha ʻole o ka hoʻolālā kūloko o kēlā manawa. Hōʻike ka hale hōʻikeʻike i nā mea nani, nā ipu nani, nā kiʻi pena, nā mea o ka ʻimi aliʻi. ʻO ka iconostasis hanohano o ka Ascension Monastery, i luku ʻia i ka makahiki 1929, ua ola.
- Halealii Senate - kahi hale ʻekolu hale i hana ʻia i ke kaila neoclassical mua. I ka manawa mua, manaʻo ʻia ka hale aliʻi ma ke ʻano he hale noho o ka Senate, akā i kēia mau lā ʻo ia ke kikowaena o ka Pelekikena o Rūsia.
Ma waena o nā wahi i makemake ʻia ma Moscow Kremlin, pono e ʻike ʻia nā wahi like:
ʻO nā hale kiaʻi ʻo Moscow Kremlin
ʻO nā paia he 2235 mau mika ka lōʻihi, ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe he 19 mika, a piʻi ka mānoanoa i 6.5 mau mika.
Aia nā pale kiaʻi pale he 20 e like me ka kaila kuhikuhipuʻuone. ʻEkolu mau hale kia kihi i kahi kumu paukū, ʻo ka 17 ʻē aʻe he quadrangular.
Hale kiaʻi Trinity ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻe, piʻi i 80 mika ke kiʻekiʻe.
Haʻahaʻa - Hale kiaʻi ʻo Kutafya (13.5 mau mika) aia ma waho o ka paia.
ʻEhā mau hale kiaʻi i hiki i nā puka komo:
ʻO nā poʻo o kēia mau hale kiaʻi 4, kahi i manaʻo ʻia he nani loa, kāhiko ʻia me nā hōkū ruby ʻulaʻula hōʻailona o ka wā Soviet.
ʻO ka uaki ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Spasskaya i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka 15 mau kenekulia, akā ua puhi ʻia i ka makahiki 1656. Ma Kēkēmapa 9, 1706, ua lohe ke kapikala i nā mele no ka manawa mua, nāna i hoʻolaha he hola hou. Mai ia manawa, ua nui nā hanana i hoʻoili ʻia: ua kaua ʻia, ua kapa inoa ʻia nā kūlanakauhale, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā poʻo nui, akā ʻo nā mele kaulana o ka Kremlin o Moscow ka mea hoʻomau i ka palena manawa o Rūsia.
ʻO ʻIvani ka hale bele nui
ʻO ka hale kia bele (81 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe) ka hale kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hui ʻo Kremlin. Kūkulu ʻia ia ma waena o 1505 a me 1508 a lawelawe mau i kāna hana no ʻekolu hale pule ʻaʻohe o lākou mau hale bele ponoʻī - Arkhangelsk, Assuming a me ka Hoʻolaha.
Ma kahi kokoke kahi hale liʻiliʻi o St. John, kahi i loaʻa mai ai ka inoa o ka hale bele a me ka square. Aia ia a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 16, a laila hāʻule a mai laila ua pala nui loa.
Keena alo
ʻO ka Chamber Faceted ka hale ʻahaʻaina nui o nā aliʻi ʻo Moscow; ʻo ia ka hale o ka wā kahiko loa e ola ana ma ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO kēia ka hale hoʻolauleʻa kūhelu no ka Pelekikena o Lūkia, no laila pani ʻia no nā huakaʻi.
ʻO ka Hale Koa a me ka Waihona Daimana
Ua kūkulu ʻia ke keʻena e ke kauoha a Peter I e mālama i nā mea kaua i loaʻa i nā kaua. Ua huki ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana ma ka 1702 a hoʻopau wale i ka 1736 ma muli o nā pilikia kālā. I ka makahiki 1812, ua puhi ʻia ke keʻena i ke kaua kūʻē iā Napoleon, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ia ma 1828 wale nō. I kēia manawa he hale hōʻikeʻike ka Armory, hiki ke kipa ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā o ka pule mai 10:00 a 18:00, koe wale nō ka Pōʻahā. ʻO ke kumukūʻai likiki no nā mākua he 700 rubles, no nā keiki manuahi ia.
Eia wale nō nā hōʻike o ke kālepa lima, akā ʻo ka Waihona Daimana. Ua wehe mua ʻia ka hōʻike mau o ka Waihona Daimana Mokuʻāina ma ka Moscow Kremlin ma 1967. ʻO nā mea nani a me nā pōhaku makamae he mea waiwai nui ma aneʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i kāʻili ʻia ma hope o ka ʻOkakopa Revolution. Nā hola wehe - mai 10:00 a 17:20 i kēlā me kēia lā koe ka Pōʻahā. E uku ʻoe i 500 rubles no kahi likiki no nā mākua, 100 rubles no kahi likiki no nā keiki.
Pono ʻelua mau diamana e hōʻike ʻia i ka pono, no ka mea no nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa o kēia gem i ka honua.
- ʻO Diamond "Orlov" i ke koʻokoʻo aliʻi o Catherine II.
- Diamond "Shah", na Tsar Nicholas i loaʻa iaʻu ma 1829 mai Peresia.
Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā i ka Kolomna Kremlin.
10 mau mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka Moscow Kremlin
- ʻAʻole wale ia ka pā kaua ʻoi loa ma Rūsia, akā ʻo ia hoʻi ka hale paʻa ikaika nui a pau o ʻEulopa. ʻOiai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano o ia ʻano, akā ʻo Moscow Kremlin wale nō ka mea e hoʻohana nei.
- Keʻokeʻo nā paia Kremlin. Ua loaʻa nā pā i kā lākou pōhaku ʻulaʻula i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19. E ʻike ai i ka White Kremlin, e nānā i nā hana a nā mea pena kiʻi 18th a 19 paha e like me Pyotr Vereshchagin a i ʻole Alexei Savrasov.
- ʻAʻole pili ka Red Square me ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka inoa mai ka ʻōlelo Lūkia Kahiko no "ʻulaʻula", ʻo ia hoʻi he nani, a ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana i ke kala o nā hale a mākou e ʻike nei he keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19.
- He aeto nā hōkū o ka Kremlin o Moscow. I ka manawa o Tsarist Russia, ua lei aliʻi ʻia nā hale kiaʻi ʻehā o Kremlin me nā aeto poʻo pāpālua, ʻo ia ka lole Lūkia mai nā kenekulia 15. I ka makahiki 1935, ua hoʻololi ke aupuni Soviet i nā ʻaeto, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i lalo a ua hoʻololi ʻia me nā hōkū ʻelima i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā. ʻO ka hōkū ʻelima ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Vodovzvodnaya i hoʻohui ʻia ma hope.
- He inoa ko nā hale kiaʻi Kremlin. ʻO nā hale kiaʻi 20 Kremlin, ʻelua wale nō ʻaʻohe o lāua inoa ponoʻī.
- Kūkulu nui ʻia ka Kremlin. Ma hope o nā paia Kremlin 2235 mika he mau ʻāpana 5 a me nā hale 18, i waena o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia ʻo ka Spasskaya Tower, ʻIvani the Great Bell Tower, Assuming Cathedral, Trinity Tower a me Terem Palace.
- ʻAʻole hōʻino ʻia ka Moscow Kremlin i ke Kaua Honua ʻElua. I ka wā o ke kaua, ua hoʻokalakupua pono ʻia ʻo Kremlin e like me kahi hale kūkulu hale. ʻO nā kihi o ka hale pule a me nā hale kiaʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo kaulana i pena ʻia hinahina ʻia a me nā mea eleele, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā puka hoʻopunipuni a me nā puka aniani i nā paia o ka Kremlin, a ua kaumaha ʻo Red Square me nā kūkulu lāʻau.
- Aia ka Kremlin i ka puke Guinness of Records. I ka Moscow Kremlin, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka bele nui loa o ka honua a me nā pūkuniahi nui loa o ka honua. I ka makahiki 1735, ua hana ʻia he bele 6.14 mika mai ka hoʻoheheʻe hao ʻana, ua nalowale ka Tsar Cannon nona ke 39.312 mau tona i 1586 a hoʻohana ʻole ʻia i ke kaua.
- ʻĀlohilohi mau nā hōkū o Kremlin. I loko o 80 mau makahiki o kona ola ʻana, pio ʻelua wale nō kukui o nā hōkū Kremlin. ʻO ka manawa mua i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II i ka wā i huna ʻia ai ka Kremlin e hūnā iā ia mai nā pōkā pahū. ʻO ka lua o ka manawa ua kīnā ʻia lākou no ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. Ua kiʻi ʻo Nikita Mikhalkov i ke alakaʻi no Oscar-e lanakila ana i ka hanana no ka Siberian Barber.
- He wahi huna hohonu ko ka uaki Kremlin. ʻO ka mea huna o ka pololei o ka uaki Kremlin e moe maoli ana ma lalo o kā mākou wāwae. Pili ka uaki i ka uaki hoʻomalu ma ka Sternberg Astronomical Institute ma o ke kaula uila.
