ʻO Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (1883-1973) - Alakaʻi koa Soviet, kekahi o nā marshals mua o ka Soviet Union, ʻekolu manawa Hero o ka Soviet Union, ka mea paʻa piha o ka St. George Cross a me St. George Medal o nā kekelē āpau.
ʻO ka Luna Nui o ka Pūʻali Koa Cavalry mua o ka Pūʻali Koaʻula i ka wā o ke Kaua Kivila, kekahi o nā mea hoʻonohonoho nui o ka pūʻali koa koa ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā koa o ka First Cavalry Army ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa hui "Budennovtsy".
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Budyonny, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Semyon Budyonny.
Kawaihae o Budyonny
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Semyon Budyonny ma ka lā 13 ʻApelila (25), 1883 ma ka pā Kozyurin (ʻo Rostov Region kēia manawa). Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana mahiʻai nui o Mikhail Ivanovich lāua ʻo Melania Nikitovna.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
ʻO ka hoʻoilo pololi o 1892 ka mea i koi aku i ke poʻo o ka ʻohana e hōʻaiʻē kālā mai kahi mea kālepa, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā Budyonny Sr. ke hoʻihoʻi i ke kālā i ka manawa kūpono. ʻO ka hopena, hāʻawi ka mea hāʻawi kālā i ka mea mahiʻai e hāʻawi iā ia i kāna keiki ʻo Semyon ma ke ʻano he limahana no 1 makahiki.
ʻAʻole makemake ka makuakāne e ʻae i kēlā noi hoʻohaʻahaʻa, akā ʻaʻole ia i ʻike i kahi ala ʻē aʻe. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke keikikāne ka inaina i kona mau mākua, akā i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, makemake e kōkua iā lākou, no ka hopena ua hele ʻo ia i ka lawelawe a ka mea kālepa.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻaʻole i hoʻi ʻo Semyon Budyonny i kona home makua, ke hoʻomau nei e lawelawe i ka mea nona. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia e kōkua i ka mea hana ʻāpana. I kēia manawa i loko o kāna puke moʻomanaʻo, ua maopopo i ka marshal e hiki mai ana inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia kahi aʻo kūpono, e lawelawe ʻo ia i kekahi no nā koena o kona ola.
Ua ʻae ka ʻōpio me ke kākau ʻōlelo kalepa inā e aʻo ʻo ia iā ia e heluhelu a kākau, ʻo ia, e hana i nā hana āpau nona. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma nā hopena pule, ua hoʻi mai ʻo Semyon i ka home, e hoʻohana ana i kona manawa kaʻawale me nā ʻohana pili.
Ua hoʻokani akamai ʻo Budyonny Sr. i ka balalaika, ʻoiai ʻo Semyon e hoʻokani ana i ke mele. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā e hiki mai ana e noi pinepine ʻo Stalin iā ia e hana i ka "The Lady".
ʻO kekahi o nā makemake punahele a Semyon Budyonny ka heihei lio. I ka makahiki 17, lilo ʻo ia i mea lanakila o ka hoʻokūkū manawa e kūlike me ka hōʻea ʻana o ke Kuhina Kaua ma ke kauhale. Pīhoihoi ke kuhina i ka loaʻa ʻana o ua ʻōpio nei i ka Cossacks ʻike ma ka lio a hāʻawi iā ia i kahi ruble kālā.
ʻAʻole i liuliu ua hoʻololi ʻo Budyonny i kekahi mau ʻoihana, ke hoʻokele i ka hana ma kahi hehi, he mea kinai ahi a me kahi mīkini. I ka hāʻule o 1903, ua koho ʻia ke kāne i ka pūʻali koa.
ʻOihana koa
I kēia manawa i kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ʻo Semyon i loko o ka pūʻali koa o ka Imperial Army i ka Hikina hikina. I ka uku ʻana i kāna ʻaiʻē i kona ʻāina hānau, noho ʻo ia i ka lawelawe lōʻihi. Ua komo ʻo ia i ke kaua Russo-Kepanī (1904-1905), e hōʻike ana iā ia iho he koa koa.
I ka makahiki 1907, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Budyonny, ma ke ʻano he holokaʻi maikaʻi loa, i St. Petersburg. Ma aneʻi ua ʻoi aku kona akamai i ka holo lio ʻana, i ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma ke Kula ʻo Kaʻaliʻi Lio. I ka makahiki aʻe ua hoʻi ʻo ia i ka Regiment Primorsky Dragoon.
I loko o ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918), ua hoʻomau ʻo Semyon Budyonny i ka hakakā ma ke kahua kaua ma ke ʻano he luna ʻole komisina. No kona koa i loaʻa iā ia ka St. George Crosses a me nā mekala o nā kekelē 4 āpau.
Ua loaʻa i ua kanaka nei kekahi o nā keʻa o St. George no ka hiki iā ia ke lawe pio i kahi hui nui Kelemania me nā meaʻai momona. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka hoʻolilo ʻana iā Budyonny he 33 mau mea hakakā wale nō i hiki ke hopu i ke kaʻa ukana a hopu ma kahi o 200 mau Kelemania i mākaukau maikaʻi.
I loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Semyon Mikhailovich aia kekahi hihia hoihoi loa i hiki ke lilo i pōʻino nona. I kekahi lā, ua hoʻomaka kahi luna kiʻekiʻe e hōʻino iā ia a pā pū i ka maka.
ʻAʻole hiki iā Budyonny ke kāohi iā ia iho a hāʻawi i ka mea lawehala, no ka hopena o kahi mea i hōʻeuʻeu nui ʻia. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻonele ʻia ʻo ia i ka 1st St.George Cross a ua pāpā ʻia. He mea pīhoihoi ia ma hope o kekahi mau mahina ua hiki iā Semyon ke hoʻihoʻi i ka makana no kekahi hana kūleʻa.
I ka waenakonu o 1917, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka mea holo lio i Minsk, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i ka noho o ka luna o ke komite regimental. A laila ʻo ia, me Mikhail Frunze, kaohi i ke kaʻina hana o ka disarming o ko Lavr Kornilov pūʻali koa.
I ka mana o nā Bolsheviks, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Budyonny i kahi pūʻali koa lio, i komo i loko o nā kaua me nā keʻokeʻo. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka regiment mua o ka poʻe kaiāhua lio.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hilinaʻi iā Semyon e kauoha i nā pūʻali koa he nui aku. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi mahele holoʻokoʻa, e leʻaleʻa nei i ka mana nui me nā poʻe lalo a me nā luna. I ka hopena o 1919, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Horse Corps ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Budyonny.
Ua hakakā kūleʻa kēia hui i nā pūʻali koa o Wrangel a me Denikin, i ka lanakila ʻana i nā kaua nui he nui. I ka hopena o ke Kaua Kivila, ua hiki iā Semyon Mikhailovich ke hana i kāna mea i aloha ai. Ua kūkulu ʻo ia i nā ʻoihana equestrian, i hana i ka hanai lio.
ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe hana i nā ʻano hou - "Budennovskaya" a me "Terskaya". E ka 1923, ua lilo ke kāne i mea kōkua i ka alihikaua nui o ka Pūʻali Koa no ka pūʻali koa lio. I ka 1932 ua puka ʻo ia mai ka Academy Academy. Frunze, a ma hope o 3 mau makahiki ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa hanohano o Marshal o ka Soviet Union.
ʻOiai ʻo Budyonny ka mana hōʻole ʻole, nui ka poʻe i hoʻopiʻi iā ia no ka kumakaia ʻana i kāna mau hoa hana mua. No laila, i ka makahiki 1937 ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i ke kī ʻana o Bukharin lāua ʻo Rykov. A laila kākoʻo ʻo ia i ke kī ʻana o Tukhachevsky a me Rudzutak, e kāhea ana iā lākou he mau scoundrels.
Ma ka pō o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic (1941-1945) ua lilo ʻo Semyon Budyonny i hope komisina mua no ka pale ʻana o ka USSR. Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o nā koa lio i mua a me kona hopena i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā hoʻouka kaua.
I ka hopena o 1941, ua hana ʻia ma luna o 80 mau māhele koa lio. Ma hope o kēlā, ua kauoha ʻo Semyon Budyonny i nā pūʻali koa o ke komohana hema a me ka hema, i pale aku iā Ukraine.
Ma kāna kauoha, ua puhi ʻia ka mana uila Dnieper i Zaporozhye. ʻO nā kahawai ikaika e kahe ana ka wai i alakaʻi i ka make o ka nui o nā fascist. Eia nō naʻe, nui nā koa Red Army a me nā makaʻāinana i make. Ua luku ʻia hoʻi nā lako hana.
Ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei nā mea kākau moʻolelo a ka marshal e pili ana i ka pono o kāna hana. Ma hope, ua hoʻokau ʻia ʻo Budyonny e kauoha i ka Reserve Front. A ʻoiai ʻo ia ma kēia kūlana no ka mahina ma lalo o ka mahina, ua koʻikoʻi kāna kōkua i ka pale ʻana iā Moscow.
I ka hopena o ke kaua, ua hana ke kāne i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana mahiʻai a me ka mālama holoholona ʻana ma ka mokuʻāina. ʻO ia, e like me ma mua, nānā nui i nā hale hana lio. Ua kapa ʻia kāna lio punahele ʻo Sophist, ka mea i pili paʻa iā Semyon Mikhailovich ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i kāna ala e ka leo o ka ʻenekini kaʻa.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka mea nāna ka mea, ua uē ka Sophist me he kāne lā. ʻAʻole wale ka inoa o nā lio i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka ilā kaulana, akā ʻo ka pale poʻo kaulana hoʻi - budenovka.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o Semyon Budyonny kāna ʻumiʻumi "hoʻonaninani". Wahi a kekahi mana, i kona wā ʻōpio, ua ʻōlelo ʻia "ʻāhinahina hina" kekahi ʻumiʻumi o Budyonny ma muli o ka puka ʻana o ka pū. Ma hope o kēlā, ua kala ke kanaka i kona ʻumiʻumi, a laila hoʻoholo e ʻako loa iā lākou.
I ka ʻike ʻana o Joseph Stalin e pili ana i kēia, ua hoʻokū ʻo ia iā Budyonny ma ka hoʻomākeʻaka ʻana ʻaʻole ia kona ʻumiʻumi, akā he ʻumiʻumi ka lāhui. ʻAʻole maopopo kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā makemake nui ʻia kēia moʻolelo. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, he nui nā luna ʻula i hoʻohiki ʻia, akā ua hiki nō i ka ilāmuku ke ola.
Aia kekahi kaao e pili ana i kēia. I ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka "funnel ʻeleʻele" iā Semyon Budyonny, ua lawe ʻo ia i kahi saber a nīnau aku "ʻO wai ka mua?!"
I ka manawa i hōʻike ʻia ai ʻo Stalin e pili ana i ka maʻalea o ka luna, ʻakaʻaka wale ʻo ia a hoʻomaikaʻi iā Budyonny. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻaʻohe mea nāna e hoʻopilikia hou i ke kāne.
Akā aia kekahi mana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mea i hoʻomaka ai ka cavalryman e kī i nā "malihini" mai kahi pū mīkini. Ua makaʻu lākou a hele koke e hoʻopiʻi iā Stalin. Ua aʻo e pili ana i ka hanana, ua kauoha ka Generalissimo ʻaʻole e hoʻopā iā Budyonny, e ʻōlelo ana "ʻaʻole weliweli ka lapuwale kahiko."
Ke ola pilikino
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna pilikino pilikino, ua male ʻia ʻo Semyon Mikhailovich i ʻekolu mau manawa. ʻO kāna wahine mua ʻo Nadezhda Ivanovna. Ua make ke kaikamahine ma 1925 ma muli o ka mālama pono ʻole ʻana i nā mea kaua.
ʻO ka lua o ka wahine a Budyonny ka mea mele opera ʻo Olga Stefanovna. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, he 20 ona mau makahiki ma mua o kāna kāne. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā puke he nui me nā haole like ʻole, a ʻo ia kahi mea i mālama ʻia e nā luna o ka NKVD.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Olga i ka makahiki 1937 ma ke ʻano kānalua no ka espionage a me ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻowawahia i ka marshal. Ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hōʻike kūʻē iā Semyon Budyonny, a ua lawe pio ʻia ʻo ia i kahi hoʻomoana. Ua hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia ka wahine ma 1956 me ke kōkua o Budyonny iho.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ko Stalin ola ʻana, ua manaʻo ka ilāmuku ʻaʻole ola hou kāna wahine, ʻoiai ʻo kēia ka mea a nā lawelawe huna a Soviet i hōʻike aku ai iā ia. Ma hope, ua kōkua ʻo ia iā Olga i nā ʻano like ʻole.
No ke kolu o ka manawa, iho aku ʻo Budyonny i ke alaloa me Maria, ka hoahānau o kāna wahine lua. He mea hoihoi ia he 33 ona mau makahiki ma mua o kāna mea i wae ʻia, ka mea i aloha nui iā ia. I kēia hui ʻana, he kaikamahine kā lāua, ʻo Nina, a me ʻelua mau keikikāne, ʻo Sergei lāua ʻo Mikhail.
Make
Ua make ʻo Semyon Budyonny ma ʻOkakopa 26, 1973 i ka makahiki 90. ʻO ke kumu o kona make ʻana he hemorrhage cerebral. Ua kanu ʻia ka marshal Soviet ma ka paia Kremlin ma Red Square.
Nā kiʻi ʻo Budyonny
