Ma 1919, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua makemake ʻo ʻEnelani a me Palani iā Kelemania e kau inoa i ka ʻaelike hāʻawi pio i ka wā hiki wawe. I ka ʻāina pio i kēia manawa aia nā pilikia me ka meaʻai, a ʻo nā mea kōkua, i mea e nāwaliwali ai ke kūlana o nā Kelemania, kāohi i ka lawe ʻana me nā meaʻai e hele ana i Kelemania. Ma hope o nā poʻohiwi o nā ʻaoʻao hakakā, aia kekahi mau kinoea, a me ka wili ʻai ʻo Verdun, a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe i koi ʻia he miliona mau ola. Akā ua pīhoihoi ke Kuhina Nui Pelekane ʻo Lloyd George no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pahuhopu politika, pono e hoʻoweliweli i nā ola o nā lehulehu.
Ua hala ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki, a ua hoʻopuni ka pūʻali koa o Hitler iā Leningrad. ʻO nā Kelemania like, ka mea e pōloli nei i ka 1919, ʻaʻole wale lākou i koi aku i ka heluna kanaka o ke kūlanakauhale he ʻekolu miliona e pōloli, akā ua kī pū pinepine pū me ia me nā mea kaua a hoʻopahū ʻia mai ka lewa.
Akā ua ola nā kamaʻāina a me nā mea pale o Leningrad. Hoʻomau ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā hale hana i nā kūlana kūpono ʻole, ʻano kanaka ʻole, ʻo nā ʻepekema ʻepekema hoʻi i kū ʻole i ka hana. ʻO nā limahana o ka Institute of Plant Industry, nona nā kālā i mālama ʻia he ʻumi mau tona o nā hua kanu o ka mahiʻai, ua make pono ma kā lākou mau papa, akā mālama pono i ka hōʻiliʻili holoʻokoʻa. A ʻo lākou nō nā koa o ke kaua no Leningrad, e like me nā koa i hālāwai me ka make me nā mea kaua ma ko lākou mau lima.
1. ʻO ke kūlana maʻamau, ka lā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka poloka i manaʻo ʻia ma ka lā 8 Kepakemapa 1941 - Ua waiho ʻo Leningrad me ka launa ʻole ʻana me ke koena o ka ʻāina e ka ʻāina. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā poʻe kīwila ke hele i waho o ke kūlanakauhale i kēlā manawa no ʻelua pule.
2. Ma ka lā like, Kepakemapa 8, hoʻomaka ke ahi mua ma nā hale mālama meaʻai Badayevsky. Ua puhi lākou i mau tausani mau tona o ka palaoa, kō, nā mea momona, nā kuki a me nā huahana meaʻai ʻē aʻe. Ma kahi pālākiō i hiki iā mākou ke kuhi mai ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole i mālama kēia nui iā Leningrad āpau mai ka pōloli. Akā ua ola nā ʻumi tausani mau kānaka. ʻAʻole hoʻi i alakaʻi ke alakaʻi hoʻokele waiwai, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i ka meaʻai, a me ka pūʻali koa. Me ka noʻonoʻo pono o nā ʻōnaehana pale lewa, ua hana ka pūʻali koa i kahi breakthroughs e ka mokulele fascist, ka mea nāna i hoʻopahū i nā wahi waiho kai.
3. Ua ʻimi ʻo Hitler e hopu iā Leningrad ʻaʻole wale no nā kumu politika. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ma ka Neva kahi home o kahi nui o nā ʻoihana pale, koʻikoʻi i ka Soviet Union. Ua hiki i nā kaua pale pale ke hoʻoneʻe i nā hale hana he 92, akā ma kahi o 50 i hana i ka wā o ka blockade, e hāʻawi ana ma kahi o 100 mau ʻano o nā mea kaua, nā pono hana a me nā lako kaua. ʻO ka mea kanu ʻo Kirov, ka mea i hoʻopuka i nā pahu kaumaha, aia ma 4 km mai ka laina mua, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokū ka hana no hoʻokahi lā. I ka wā o ka pale ʻana, ua kūkulu ʻia he 7 mau moku kai eʻe a ma kahi o 200 mau moku ʻē aʻe ma nā moku moku ʻo Admiralty.
4. Mai ke kūkulu ʻākau, hāʻawi ʻia ka poloka e nā pūʻali Finnish. Aia kekahi manaʻo e pili ana i kekahi hanohano o ka poʻe Finns a me ko lākou luna koa ʻo Marshal Mannerheim - ʻaʻole lākou i hele i mua o ka palena mokuʻāina kahiko. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokau ka makaʻu o kēia kaʻina i ke kauoha a Soviet e mālama i nā pūʻali koa nui ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau o ka ālai.
5. ʻO ka make make ma ka hoʻoilo o 1941/1942 i hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻohe anilā maikaʻi loa ma ka Northern Capital, akā ʻaʻohe mea hau hau ma laila pū kekahi. I ka 1941, hoʻomaka lākou i Kekemapa a hoʻomau a hiki i ʻApelila. I ka manawa like, ua hau pinepine. Pau nā kumuwaiwai o kahi kino pōloli i ke anuanu i ka wikiwiki: ua make maoli ka poʻe i ka hele ʻana, hiki i ko lākou mau kino ke moe ma ke alanui no hoʻokahi pule. Manaʻo ʻia i ka hoʻoilo ʻoi loa o ka pale, ua make ma mua o 300,000 mau kānaka. I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻana o nā keiki makua ʻole i Ianuali 1942, ua hoʻololi ʻia he 30,000 mau keiki i waiho makua ʻole ʻia.
6. ʻO ka rati berena palena iki o 125 g i loaʻa i kahi maximum o ka hapalua palaoa. ʻOiai ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani mauona o ka palaoa i puhi ʻia a pulu i mālama ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai Badayev i hoʻohana ʻia no ka palaoa. A no kahi ration hana o 250 g, pono pono e hana i kahi lā hana piha. No ke koena o nā huahana, he pōʻino pū nō ke kūlana. I loko o ka mahina ʻo Kekemapa - Ianuali, ʻaʻohe meaʻai, ʻaʻohe momona, a kō i hāʻawi ʻia. A laila ua ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā huahana, akā like like, mai ka hapakolu a i ka hapalua o nā kāleka i kūʻai ʻia - ʻaʻohe lawa no nā huahana āpau. (E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā loina, pono e hoʻomālamalama: ua liʻiliʻi lākou mai Nowemapa 20 a Dekemaba 25, 1941. A laila ua liʻiliʻi lākou, akā ua hoʻonui pinepine ʻia)
7. I ka hoʻopilikia ʻana iā Leningrad, ua hoʻohana ikaika ʻia nā mea no ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, a laila ua manaʻo ʻia he poʻe pani hakahaka, a ua hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa me he mau kumuwaiwai maka pono. Pili kēia i ka soybeans, albumin, cellulose meaʻai, keke pulupulu a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
8. ʻAʻole i noho nā pūʻali koa Soviet i waho o ka pale. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e haki i loko o ka palaka i hana mau ʻia, akā ua hiki i ka 18th Army o ka Wehrmacht ke hoʻoikaika a pale i nā hoʻouka kaua āpau.
9. I ke kauwela o 1942, ua lilo nā Leningraders i ola i ka hoʻoilo i mea mahiʻai a me nā mea ulu lāʻau. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia he 10,000 mau ʻeka no nā māla mea kanu; ua haki ʻia nā tona o ka ʻuala he 77,000 mai iā lākou i ka wā kau. I ka hoʻoilo hāʻule lākou i ka ululāʻau no ka wahie, wāwahi ʻia nā hale lāʻau a ʻohi ʻia nā peat. Hoʻomau hou ʻia ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa ma 15 ʻApelila. I ka manawa like, hoʻomau ka hana o nā mea kanu a me nā hale hana. Hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kūlanakauhale.
10. Ua hala ka hoʻoilo o ka 1942/1943 ma mua o ka maʻalahi inā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo i kahi kūlanakauhale i pāpā ʻia a pōkā ʻia. Hana ka halihali a me ka wai, ʻālohilohi ke ola moʻomeheu a me ka nohona kanaka, ua hele nā keiki i nā kula. ʻOiai ka lawe nui ʻana o nā pōpoki iā Leningrad i ʻōlelo e pili ana i kahi maʻamau o ke ola - ʻaʻohe ala ʻē aʻe e kū ai i ka nui o nāʻiole.
11. Kākau pinepine ʻia ma ka hoʻopuni ʻana iā Leningrad, ʻoiai nā kūlana maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe maʻi ahulau. He waiwai nui kēia o nā kauka, ka mea i loaʻa iā lākou ka 250 - 300 gram o ka berena. ʻO nā maʻi ahulau a typhoid, typera, cholera a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻae ʻia e ulu a lilo i maʻi ahulau.
12. Ua haki mua ʻia ka palaka ma Ianuali 18, 1943. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻokumu wale ʻia ke kamaʻilio me ka ʻāina nui ma kahi kahiki kaha o kahakai o Ladoga. Eia nō naʻe, ua waiho koke ʻia nā ala ma kēia kaʻe, i hiki ai ke hōʻeleu i ka haʻalele ʻana iā Leningraders a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lako o ka poʻe i koe ma ke kūlanakauhale.
13. Ua pau ka hoʻopuni ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale ma ka Neva ma Ianuali 21, 1944, i ka wā a Novgorod i hoʻokuʻu ai. Ua hala ka pale kūpilikiʻi a me ka heroic 872-lā o Leningrad. Hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka lā 27 o Ianuali ma ke ʻano he lā hoʻomanaʻo - ka lā i hekili ai nā ahi ahi ma Leningrad.
14. ʻO "ke ala o ke ola" i loaʻa i ka helu 101. ʻO nā ukana mua i lawe ʻia e nā holoholo lio i Nowemapa 17, 1941, i ka hiki ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka hau i 18 cm. Aia i 5,000 mau kānaka i lawe ʻia i waho. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ma ka hoʻoilo o 1941/1942, ʻoi aku ma mua o 360,000 tone o nā ukana i lawe ʻia i Leningrad a ʻoi aku ka nui o 550,000 poʻe i lawe ʻia i waho.
15. I ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana ma Nuremberg, ua hoʻolaha aku ka lawehala Soviet i kahi helu o 632,000 mau kānaka kīwila i luku ʻia ma Leningrad. ʻO ka mea nui paha, ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka USSR i hōʻike aku i ka make i kākau pololei ʻia i kēlā manawa. ʻO ke kiʻi maoli he hoʻokahi miliona a 1.5 miliona paha. Ua nui ka poʻe i make i ka wā i haʻalele ʻia a ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻia ua make i ka wā o ka palaka. ʻO nā lilo o ka pūʻali koa a me nā lāhui civila i ka wā o ka pale a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā Leningrad ma mua o ka nui o nā lilo o Pelekane a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i loko o ke Kaua Honua ʻelua.
