Ma ka ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo Pelekane Nui ʻo Skotlandia - kahi ʻāina me nā holoholona lōhiu nani, i noho ʻia e kahi poʻe aloha kūʻokoʻa haʻaheo. Hoʻowahāwahā pinepine nā hoanoho o ka hema i nā Scots no ka stingy, akā pehea e lilo ʻole ai i stingy ma aneʻi, inā ʻaʻohe mea e ulu ma nā ʻāina pōhaku, nā lau nahele, nā ululāʻau a me nā loko i kā lākou ʻohana waiwai ponoʻī a i nā haole Pelekane paha i hopu i ka ʻāina, a ʻo ke kai e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻāina ua ʻino a ʻino hoʻi hōʻoluʻolu ʻole i kēlā me kēia huakaʻi lawaiʻa iā ia ke lilo i hope loa?
A eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokele nā Skotia i ka ilihune. Ua hoʻolilo lākou i ko lākou ʻāina i ʻāina ʻoihana ikaika. Ua kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai - ua koi ʻia nā miliona o nā Skots e haʻalele i ko lākou ʻāina hānau. Ua loaʻa ka hapa nui o lākou i ka kūleʻa i nā ʻāina ʻē, a laila hoʻonani i ko lākou ʻāina. A ma hea kahi o ka Scotsman, hoʻohanohano mau ʻo ia i ka ʻāina makuahine a hoʻomanaʻo i kāna mōʻaukala a me nā kuʻuna.
1. ʻO Skotlandia ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo Pelekane Nui a me 790 mau mokupuni e pili ana me ka nui o 78.7 tausani km.2... ʻO kēia panalāʻau kahi home o 5.3 miliona poʻe. He ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa ka ʻāina o Pelekane Nui me kāna pāremaka ponoʻī a me kona kuhina nui. I ka 2016, ua hoʻokau ka Scots i kahi referendum e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai UK, akā ua lanakila ka poʻe kākoʻo hoʻokaʻawale i ka 44.7% wale nō o nā balota.
2. ʻOiai nā hopena hoʻonāwaliwali loa o ka referendum (nā koho balota mua i wānana i kahi like o nā balota), ʻaʻole makemake ʻia nā Pelekania ma Sekotia. ʻO ka mea e kāhea i nā Skotika "Pelekania" holo i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomāinoino kino, ʻoiai ʻo ka Scots he poʻe ʻano maikaʻi loa.
3. He ʻāina nani loa ʻo Sekotia. ʻO ke anuanu, anuanu, a me ke aniau maikaʻi no nā mea kanu, a hāʻule ka ʻāina mai nā mauna haʻahaʻa (Highland) ma ka hema a kahi kula haʻahaʻa (Lowland) ma ka ʻākau. ʻO nā ʻāina Scottish maʻamau he mau puʻu haʻahaʻa me nā ululāʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā loko i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā pōhaku, ma waena o lākou ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina a me nā pali e ulu ana me nā ululāʻau ma ka hema a ma kahakai.
4. ʻIke ʻia nā loko ʻo Sekotia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole ma ka helu (aia ma mua o 600 o lākou, a ma Finilana he mau kaukani lākou) a ʻaʻole hohonu (aia nā loko a hohonu i ka honua). Akā ʻaʻohe manaʻolana o ka hui ʻana me Nessie ma nā loko o ka honua, akā aia hoʻokahi ma ka Scottish Loch Ness. ʻOiai ʻo ka poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo nei i ka noho ʻana o kahi pilikua pohihihi pohihihi, ua ʻume ʻo Loch Ness he ʻumi kaukani huakaʻi. A inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike iā Nessie, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka lawaiʻa. Kupaianaha nō hoʻi ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma Sekotia.
5. E noho ana ka poʻe ma Sekotia ma kahi o 10 tausani mau makahiki. Manaʻo ʻia ua noho ka poʻe i ka noho ʻana o Skara Bray i ka makahiki millennium BC. ʻO ke ʻano ʻino o ka ʻāina paʻakikī ua kōkua i nā ʻohana kūloko e kaua aku i ko Roma, ʻoiai, i ko lākou lanakila ʻana, ua hele i mua iki aʻe ma mua o ka palena hema o Skotlandia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe noho Roma o Sekotia. ʻO ka naʻi aupuni naʻi aupuni na Pelekane, ʻo ia ka poʻe Pelekania, a aloha nui ʻia e lākou.
ʻO Scara Bray
6. ʻO ka mana, hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo o Skotlandia ma ke ʻano he mokuʻāina hoʻokahi i 843. ʻO Kenneth Macalpin ka mōʻī mua, nāna i hoʻokuʻikahi e hoʻohui i nā ʻohana like ʻole ma mua. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻohana nā Skotika, ka mea i hāʻawi i ka inoa i ka mokuʻāina. ʻO ka poʻe Noremana, ka mea i hoʻokumu iā ʻEnelani i mokuʻāina, ua pae i ka mokupuni i ʻelua mau kenekulia wale nō ma hope.
7. I ka manawa i loaʻa ai ka ikaika iā ʻEnelani, hoʻomaka nā hakakā hope ʻole me Sekotia, a hoʻomau ʻia ia a hiki i ka 1707. Ma waho o nā ʻano koa o ke kaomi, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kālaiʻāina. No laila, i ka makahiki 1292, ua mōʻī ka mōʻī Pelekane, ka mea i hāʻawi manawaleʻa i lunakanawai i ka paio ma waena o nā moho no ka noho aliʻi Sikotisa, ua kapa ʻia ka moho i ʻae e ʻike i ka suzerainty (supremacy) o ʻEnelani i lanakila. ʻAʻole ʻae like nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻē aʻe i kēia, a hoʻomaka ʻia kekahi mau haunaele a me nā kaua, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o 400 mau makahiki. Ua kiola ʻia ʻo Woods i loko o ke ahi e nā mana haole i makemake ʻole e hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo ʻEnelani (e like me ka mōʻaukala i hōʻike ai, ʻaʻole lākou i makemake, pololei loa). Kau ʻia ka hakakā haipule. Ua pepehi ʻoliʻoli nā Scots Presbyterian, Kakolika, a me nā Pelekane Protestant Protestant i nā hoahānau hewa i loko o Kristo. ʻO ka hopena, i ka makahiki 1707, ua pūlima ʻia ka "Act of Union", kahi i hoʻopaʻa ai i ka hoʻohui ʻia o nā aupuni ʻelua ma ke kumu o kā lākou kūʻokoʻa. ʻAneʻane poina koke ka poʻe Pelekania e pili ana i ke kūʻokoʻa, kipi hou aku ka Scots, akā ua hoʻomau ʻia ke kūlana o kēia manawa a hiki i ka 1999, i ka wā i ʻae ʻia ai ka Skots e loaʻa i kā lākou pāremaka ponoʻī.
8. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Union i kahi ikaika i ka ulu ʻana o Sekotia. Ua hoʻomau ka ʻāina i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele a me ka hoʻokolokolo, ka mea i kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana. Ua lilo ʻo Sekotia kekahi o nā wahi ʻoihana ikaika loa ma ʻEulopa. I ka manawa like, ua lilo ka neʻe ʻana mai ka ʻāina i avalanche - ua hoʻokuʻu ka hoʻohana ākea o nā mīkini i nā lima hana, e ala ana i ka nui o ka hana ʻole. Ua haʻalele ka Scotia, ʻo ka mea mua loa, ma nā ʻāina ʻē, i loko o nā miliona. I kēia manawa ua like ka helu o nā Skotika ma ka honua i ka helu o nā kamaʻāina ma Skotlandia kūpono.
9. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻohuli hana me ka hana hou o ka Scotsman James Watt o ka ʻenekini mahu. Ua patent ʻo Watt i kāna mīkini i 1775. ʻIke ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā mea hou o ka Scots e like me ka penicillin a Alexander Fleming, ke kelepona mīkini a John Byrd a i ʻole ke kelepona a Alexander Bell.
ʻO James Watt
10. Ma nā kumuwaiwai he nui i kapa ʻia ʻo Arthur Conan Doyle he Scotsman, akā ʻaʻole pēlā. ʻO ka mea kākau e hiki mai ana ua hānau ʻia ma ʻEnelani i kahi ʻohana ʻIlani, a ma Scotland ua aʻo wale ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui o Edinburgh. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻoihana aʻo kūpono kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa; ʻO Charles Darwin, James Maxwell, Robert Jung a me nā mālamana ʻepekema ʻē aʻe i puka mai iā ia.
ʻO Arthur Conan-Doyle i kāna mau makahiki haumāna
11. Akā ʻo nā mea kākau koʻikoʻi e like me Walter Scott lāua ʻo Robert Louis Stevenson he poʻe Skotika lākou, a ua hānau ʻia lāua ʻelua ma Edinburgh. ʻO nā makana nui i nā puke i hana ʻia e nā kamaʻāina o Caledonia (ʻo kēia kahi inoa no Scotland), e like me Robert Burns, James Barry ("Peter Pan") a me Irwin Welch ("Trainspotting").
Walter Scott
12. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i haku ʻia ka whiskey ma Sekotia (ma ʻIlalani a i ʻole ma ka Hikina Waena ma ka laulā), ʻo Scotch whiskey kahi mana aupuni ponoʻī. I ka makahiki 1505, ua loaʻa i ka hui o nā ʻumiʻumi a me nā kaukipē ma Edinburgh kahi monopoli no kāna hana a kūʻai aku. Ma hope mai, ua haki nā mea ukali a Hippocrates i ke kau inoa ʻana i kahi palapala hoʻoholo e pāpā ana i ke kūʻai ʻana o whiskey i nā makaʻāinana. ʻIke maopopo loa mākou i ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia i kēlā pāpā - hoʻomaka lākou e hana i ka whiskey i kēlā me kēia pā, a ua kūleʻa ka manaʻo o ka guild.
13. No ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka whiskey ma Edinburgh, ua wehe ʻia ka Whisky Heritage Center ma 1987. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano o ka hui pū ʻana o kahi hale hōʻikeʻike me kahi hale inu - ʻo ke kumukūʻai o kēlā me kēia mākaʻikaʻi me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kekahi ʻano inu. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o ka hale hōʻikeʻike ma kahi o 4,000 mau ʻano, i loko o ka hale ʻaina, pā a me ka hale kūʻai, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai ma mua o 450. ʻOkoʻa nā kumukūʻai e like me nā ʻano - mai 5 a i mau kaukani paona no kēlā me ka hue. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai liʻiliʻi no ka huakaʻi hoʻāʻo inu waina he £ 27.
14. ʻO ke kīʻaha aupuni Scottish - haggis. ʻO kēia mau mea ka ʻoki maikaʻi loa o ka hipa me nā mea ʻala, kuke ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū hipa i humuhumu ʻia. Aia nā analogs o kēlā mau kīʻaha ma ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a pau o ka USSR mua, akā manaʻo ka Scots i kā lākou analogue o ka sausage homemade he mea ʻokoʻa.
15. ʻO nā Scots (a me ʻIlalani) disproportionate lauoho ʻulaʻula. Aia ma kahi o 12 - 14% o lākou, e like me kahi anomaly maopopo ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 1 - 2% i ka heluna kanaka āpau a me 5 - 6% i waena o nā poʻe noho o ʻEulopa ʻĀkau. Maʻalahi loa ka wehewehe ʻepekema o kēia hanana - ka lauoho ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻili keʻokeʻo e kōkua i ke kino e hana i ka wikamina D. Ke hoʻohuli nei i kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i ka maikaʻi o ke koena 86 - 88% o nā Scots a me Irish me kahi hapa iki o kēia wikamina, a me ka poʻe e ola nei ma 200 km. i ka ʻākau o ka Pelekania, i waena o ia mau mea ʻaʻohe ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole pono ia.
Lā Redhead ma Edinburgh
16. Haʻaheo ʻo Edinburgh i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hale ahi ma mua o ka honua. ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hala ʻana o ʻelua mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka anakuhi i ka makahiki 1824, ʻaʻohe mana o nā mea kuni ahi ʻo Edinburgh e kūʻē ana iā Great Edinburgh Fire, nāna i luku nā hale he 400 ma ke kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻomaka ke ahi i loko o kahi hale papaʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi. Ua hōʻea ka hui i ka pūnaewele ahi i ka manawa kūpono, akā ʻaʻole i hiki i nā mea ahi ke loaʻa kahi paila wai. Ua pālahalaha ke ahi i ka hapalua o ke kūlanakauhale, a ʻo ka ua nui wale i kōkua nui ʻia e kū me ia i ka lā ʻelima o ke ahi. I kahi kūlana like i ka makahiki 2002, 13 mau hale ma ke kikowaena moʻolelo o ke kūlanakauhale i hoʻopau loa ʻia.
17. Ma ka 24 Iune, hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka lā kūʻokoʻa o Skotlandia. I kēia lā i ka 1314, ua lanakila ka pūʻali koa o Robert the Bruce i ka pūʻali koa o ka mōʻī Pelekane ʻo Edward II. ʻAʻole helu ʻia ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 mau makahiki o ka noho ʻana i UK.
ʻO Monument no Robert Bruce
18. ʻO nā lole, i hōʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he lole aupuni o nā Skotika, ʻaʻole na lākou i haku. Ua haku ʻia ke kapa kilt e ke kanaka Pelekane Rawlinson, nāna i ʻimi e pale aku i nā limahana o kāna mea kanu metallurgical mai ka heatstroke. Ua haku ʻia ka lole mānoanoa o ka tartan ma Central Europe - i loko o ia mau lole ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka piʻi ʻana i nā Alps. ʻO nā kikoʻī ʻē aʻe o nā lole, e like me ke kuli, nā pālule keʻokeʻo a i ʻole kahi ʻeke ma ka pūhaka, i hana ʻia ma mua.
19. ʻO ka mele Scottish, ka mea mua loa, nā ʻeke ʻeke. ʻO ke kanikau, i ka nānā mua ʻana, nā mele e hōʻike pono i ka nani o ke ʻano o ka ʻāina a me ke ʻano aupuni o nā Scots. I ka hui pū ʻana me ka pahu pahu, hiki i nā ʻeke a i ʻole nā paipu ke hana i kahi ʻike kūikawā. ʻAʻole manaʻo nui ʻia ka Royal National Orchestra o Sekotia ma ka ʻāina wale nō akā ma nā ʻāina ʻē pū kekahi. No 8 mau makahiki ua alakaʻi ʻia e ka alakaʻi alakaʻi Lūkini ʻo Alexander Lazarev. A ʻo "Nazareth" ʻo ia, ʻo ka pūʻulu pōhaku Sikekia kū lanakila loa.
20. Hoʻokani ka pâʻani pôpeku Sikotia i ka hoʻokipa a hoʻokipa i ka mua mua o ka hoʻokūkū honua i ka pôpeku honua. Ma Nowemapa 30, 1872, 4,000 mau mea nānā ma Hamilton Crescent Stadium ma Patrick i nānā i ka hoʻokūkū ʻo Scotland-ʻEnelani, a ua pau i ka huki ʻia 0-0. Mai ia manawa, ua komo ʻo Sekotia, ʻEnelani, Wales a me ʻIrani ʻĀkau i nā hoʻokūkū pôpeku kūwaho ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāina kaʻawale.
