Noho ʻoe i kahi wao nahele Taiga, ʻaʻohe ou uila a ʻaʻohe pili me ka honua waho. ʻO kēia kuhiakau a hiki i ka hiki ʻole ka mea hiki wale nō i ka honua hou e hoʻohana ʻole ai i nā kamepiula. Pono e hana i nā wati me ka mīkini - kēlā me kēia uaki uila kahi i hana mua.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka lāhui hou ke ʻole ke kamepiula. A ʻaʻole ia e pili ana i kā mākou kamepiula pilikino punahele, kamepiula lawe lima a me nā kelepona paʻalima. Hiki i ka honua ke hana me ka ʻole o lākou. ʻAe, pono e kākau kekahi me ka peni ballpoint a huki me nā pena, akā ʻaʻole nalowale loa ia mau mākau. Akā ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana me ka ʻole o nā kamepiula ʻaʻole hiki ʻole. ʻOiai he mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻokoʻa nā mea āpau.
1. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka lolouila uila ENIAC mua loa o ka honua, i hana ʻia ma USA ma 1945, ua uku ʻia he $ 500,000. Ua hoʻopau ka 20-ton monster i 174 kW o ka uila a i loaʻa nā kukui ma mua o 17,000. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻikepili no nā helu i ke kamepiula mua mai nā kāleka i kī ʻia. I mea e hoʻomaulia ai i nā palena palena maʻalahi o ka pahū o kahi pōpoki hydrogen, ua lawe ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona kāleka punch. I ka puna o 1950, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ENIAC e hana i kahi wānana no ka lā aʻe. Ua lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawale a paʻi i nā kāleka i kī ʻia, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kukui i hoka, ʻo ka helu ʻana o ka wānana no nā hola he 24 e hiki mai ana ma kahi o 24 mau hola, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o ka pīhoihoi a puni ka kaʻa, ua nānā wale nā ʻepekema i ka puka aniani. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia he kūleʻa ka hana ma ka wānana.
2. Ua ʻike ʻia ka pāʻani kamepiula mua ma 1952. Ua haku ʻia e Professor Alexander Douglas ma ke ʻano he kiʻi no kāna pepa kauka. Ua kapa ʻia ka pāʻani ʻo OXO a he polokalamu kamepiula o ka pāʻani Tic-Tac-Toe. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke kahua pāʻani ma ka pakuhi me ka hoʻonā ʻana o 35 e 16 mau pika. ʻO kahi mea hoʻohana ke pāʻani kūʻē nei i kahi kamepiula i neʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi disk kelepona.
3. I ka 1947, ua kauoha ka Pūʻali Koa, Air Force a me ka US Census Bureau i kahi kamepiula ikaika i ka hui ʻo John Eckert lāua ʻo John Mauchly. Ua hoʻokō wale ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma ka lilo o ke kālā pekelala. Ma ka helu hou ʻana, ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa e hana ai i kahi kamepiula, akā naʻe, i ka makahiki 1951, ua loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai aku ka mīkini mua, i kapa ʻia ʻo UNIVAC. I ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kā Eckert a me ko Mauchly hui i kona manaʻo e hoʻokuʻu i 18 o kēia mau kamepiula, ua hoʻoholo ko lākou mau hoapili ma kahi ʻaha kūkā e hoʻomāhuahua i kēlā helu i ka mākeke no nā makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o nā kamepiula UNIVAC i ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Eckert lāua ʻo Mauchly i 18 mau mīkini. ʻO ka mea hope loa, i hana no kahi ʻoihana ʻinikua nui, ua pani ʻia ma 1970.
4. E like me ke kauwela o 2019, ka inoa o ka kamepiula mana loa o ka honua e paʻa ʻia e ka "Summit" ʻAmelika no ka makahiki ʻelua. ʻO kāna hana, i helu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pae hoʻohālikelike Linapack maʻamau, he 148.6 miliona Gigaflops (ʻo ka hana o ka ʻoneki home he haneli ʻo Gigaflops). Noho ʻo Summit i kahi o 520 m22... Akoakoa ʻia mai ka ʻaneʻane he 1,000 22 mau pūnaehana. Hoʻomoe ka ʻōnaehana hōʻoluʻolu o ka supercomputer i 15 mau mika cubic o ka wai a hoʻohana i ka ikehu no ma kahi o 8,000 mau ʻohana maʻamau. Kumukūʻai $ 325 miliona. ʻO Kina ke alakaʻi i ka helu o nā supercomputers. Aia he 206 o kēia mau mīkini i ka hana ma kēia ʻāina. 124 na supercomputers i hoʻonoho ʻia ma United States, ʻoiai aia he 4 wale nō ma Rūsia.
5. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pā paʻakikī mua e IBM no ka US Air Force. Wahi a nā ʻōlelo o ka ʻaelike, pono ka ʻoihana e hana i kahi helu kāleka no nā mea he 50,000 a hāʻawi koke i ke komo ʻana i kēlā me kēia o lākou. Ua pau ka hana ma lalo o ʻelua mau makahiki. A ʻo kahi hopena, ma ka lā 4 Kepakemapa 1956, ua hōʻike ʻia i ka lehulehu me ka ʻaha kuhina hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika 1.7 mika ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaupaona ʻana kokoke i hoʻokahi tona, i kapa ʻia ʻo IBM 350 Disk Storage Unit. Aia i loko o ka pā paʻakiki mua he 50 disk me ke anawaena o 61 kenimika a loaʻa iā 3.5 MB ka ʻikepili.
6. ʻO IBM ka mea hana ʻuʻuku loa ma ka honua. ʻO kahi chip me ka nui o 1 × 1 millimeter e loaʻa ana he mau haneli mau transistors he mea hana piha. Hiki iā ia ke kiʻi, mālama a me ka hana ʻana i ka ʻike ma ka wikiwiki like me nā mea hana x86 i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā makahiki 1990. ʻAʻole lawa kēia no nā kamepiula hou. Eia nō naʻe, lawa kēia mana no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia kūpono i pili ʻole i ka ʻenekini kamepiula "kiʻekiʻe" a i ʻole nā helu ʻepekema. Hiki i ka microprocessor ke helu maʻalahi i ka helu o nā waiwai i nā hale ukana a hoʻonā i nā pilikia logistic. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hele kēia mea hana i ka hana nui - no nā hana o kēia manawa, ʻoiai inā ma kahi o 10 keneta ke kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna diminutiveness.
7. Ke hōʻike nei ka mākeke honua o nā kamepiula paʻa i nā dynamics maikaʻi ʻole no 7 mau makahiki i hala - ʻo ka manawa hope loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ulu kūʻai ʻana i 2012. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i kōkua kahi mahele helu helu - nā kamepiula lawe, ʻo ia ka mea, kokoke loa i nā hāmeʻa lawe lima, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia hoʻi i nā kamepiula paʻa. Akā ua hiki i kēia manaʻo ke hana i kahi helehelena maikaʻi i kahi pāʻani maikaʻi ʻole - ua helu ʻia ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mākeke e kekahi mau pākēneka. Eia nō naʻe, akāka ke ʻano - kahi nui o ka poʻe makemake i nā papa a me nā kelepona.
8. No ke kumu like - ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā papa a me nā kelepona - ua lilo nā ʻike i ka nui o nā kamepiula pilikino i nā ʻāina like ʻole o ka honua. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka helu hope loa e ka International Telecommunication Union i ka makahiki 2004. Wahi a kēia mau ʻike, ka mokuʻāina ʻoi loa ʻo San Marino - kahi wahi liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i ʻItalia. Aia he 727 mau ʻoneki no 1000 mau kānaka ma San Marino. He 554 kamepiula no ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no kēlā me kēia tausani kānaka, ukali ʻia e Suedena me hoʻokahi kamepiula no kēlā me kēia kanaka ʻelua. ʻO Rūsia me nā kamepiula 465 i koho ʻia ma ka helu 7 i kēia helu. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻololi ka International Telecommunication Union i ke ʻano o ka helu ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana Pūnaewele, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa loa - he kanaka e hoʻohana nei i kahi kamepiula kamepiula, kamepiula lawe, papapihi a me ke kelepona paʻalima e pili ana i ka Pūnaewele, ʻo kēia mea hoʻohana hoʻokahi a i ʻole 4? Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke huki ʻia kekahi mau hopena mai kēia mau helu helu. Wahi a ia, i ka 2017, nā kamaʻāina o Nolewai, Denemaka, nā Mokupuni Falkland a me Iceland ua aneane pili loa i ka Pūnaewele - ʻo ka nui o ka "hoʻohana Pūnaewele" ma kā lākou mau panalāʻau i ʻoi aku ma mua o 95%. Ma Nūhōlani, koho ʻia i ka 15th, 88% o nā kamaʻāina i loaʻa ka Pūnaewele. I Lūkia, pili ka 76.4% o nā kamaʻāina i ka Pūnaewele ākea - 41 ma ka honua.
9. ʻO nā smily kamepiula, a i ʻole, i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, nā emoticons, he hōʻike maopopo ia o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nohona kūpono ʻole i kekahi manawa i ka honua. I ka makahiki 1969, ua noi ʻo Vladimir Nabokov, ka mea kākau o ka puke "Lolita", e hoʻolauna i kahi hōʻailona kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā manaʻo. He aha ka mea hoihoi hou aku - ua manaʻo ka mea pena o ka huaʻōlelo e hoʻololi i nā huaʻōlelo me nā hōʻailona, e hoʻi i nā rune a i ʻole nā cuneiform kākau Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo leo, e like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ua hoʻokō ʻia i ka hana. ʻO Scott Fallman, ka mea i kū mau i ka pale a kāna haku a me nā pepa kekelē laeoʻo ma Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ua lilo i kaulana ma ka honua nei ma muli o kāna hana akamai ʻole i ke kahua neural a me semantic network, akā mahalo i ka hana o nā hōʻailona 🙂 a me :-(.
10. Ua kākau ʻia he mau puke he nui e pili ana i ke ala ʻana o kahi supercomputer (a i ʻole, he pūnaewele kamepiula) e kūʻē i ka poʻe. A ʻo kēia avalanche o nā weliweli o kahi pae kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe ʻole hoʻi i komo i ka leka mua o nā mea kākau o ka manaʻo o ka "kūʻē ʻana o ka mīkini". Akā ua maikaʻi kona noʻonoʻo. Mai ka manaʻo o ka noʻonoʻo kamepiula ʻōlohelohe, ʻano kūpono ʻole ke ʻano o ke kanaka, a i kekahi manawa lapuwale. He aha nā hana kuʻuna e pili ana i nā manaʻo o ka "kuke ʻana" a me ka "hānau ʻana"! Ma kahi o ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai i kona ʻano kumu a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i kahi moena maʻalahi o kahi kāne me ka wahine, luhi ka poʻe iā lākou iho me nā kaʻina hana naʻaupō loa. No laila, ʻaʻohe makemake ka "kūʻē o nā mīkini" maʻamau i ka nohona kanaka. ʻO ka makemake o nā kamepiula i loaʻa koke ka ʻike e kōkua, e noʻonoʻo pono i ke ola o ka poʻe.
11. I nā makahiki 1980 ma ka Soviet Union, ʻaʻole i kūʻai nā mea pā o nā pāʻani kamepiula mua iā lākou, akā nā makasina. Pono nā mea hoʻohana o kēia lā e mahalo i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana o nā mea pāʻani mua. Pono e kūʻai i kahi makasina kahi i paʻi ʻia ka pāʻālua pāʻani, e hoʻokomo lima iā ia mai ka papapihi, e hoʻomaka a mālama i ka pāʻani i ka analogue o kahi flash drive - he tape cassette. Ma hope o kēlā ʻano hana, ʻo ke kau ʻana i ka pāʻani mai kahi cassette ke nānā aku e like me ka pāʻani a ke keiki, ʻoiai e haki ka lipine cassette. A laila lawelawe ʻia nā kīwī maʻamau ma ke ʻano he monitor.
12. ʻO ka hopena ke hoʻomaka kahi puke wehewehe ʻōlelo, mea unuhi huaʻōlelo a i ʻole kelepona paʻalima manaʻo e noʻonoʻo no ke kanaka i ka wā e kikokiko ana, e hoʻoponopono ana i nā huaʻōlelo i kikokiko hewa ʻole, e like me ka ʻike o ka mīkini, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka hopena ʻo Cupertino Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kaona ʻo Cupertino, aia ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo US o Kaleponi, he pilina pili loa i kēia inoa. I nā mea hana huaʻōlelo mua, ua hyphenated ka huaʻōlelo Pelekania "alu like" - "co-operation". Inā hoʻohana pū ka mea hoʻohana i kēia huaʻōlelo, hoʻololi a hoʻololi ka mea hana i ka inoa o kahi kaona ʻAmelika ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ke kuhihewa a ʻaʻole i loko wale nō o nā ʻaoʻao o ka nūpepa i komo ai, akā i nā palapala kūhelu hoʻi. Akā, ʻoiai, a hiki i ka frenzy o kēia manawa me ka hana T9, ʻaʻole ia i waiho i kahi mea ʻē aʻe o kahi hoihoi hoihoi.
