E Sir ʻO Charles Spencer (Charlie) Chaplin (1889-1977) - Mea kiʻi kiʻi ʻAmelika a me ʻEnelani, mea kākau kiʻi, haku mele, luna hoʻomalu kiʻiʻoniʻoni, mea hana a me hoʻoponopono, haku nui o ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, mea hana o kekahi o nā kiʻi kaulana loa o ka kinima honua - ke kiʻi comedic o ka hehi Charlie.
ʻO ka mea lanakila o ka makana Academy a ʻelua mau mea lanakila o ka hanohano o waho o ka hoʻokūkū Oscar (1929, 1972).
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino a Chaplin, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Charlie Chaplin.
Ka moʻolelo ʻo Chaplin
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Charles Chaplin ma ka lā 16 ʻApelila 1889 ma Ladana. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i ka ʻohana o nā mea hoʻohiwahiwa ʻo Charles Chaplin Sr. a me kāna wahine ʻo Hana Chaplin.
Ma mua o ka male ʻana i ka makuakāne o Charlie, ua hānau ʻo Hana i kāna keiki mua, ʻo Sydney Hill. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o kāna male ʻana, hāʻawi ʻo ia i Sydney i ka ʻohana - Chaplin.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua mālama ʻia ko Chaplin wā kamaliʻi i kahi lewa hauʻoli loa. Ua hana kona makuahine ma nā paepae o nā hale keaka like ʻole ma ke ʻano he mea hulahula a mea mele.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he baritone ʻoluʻolu ko ke poʻo o ka ʻohana, no ka hopena ua kono pinepine ʻia ʻo ia e mele i nā keʻena mele o ke kapikala. Eia kekahi, ua huakaʻi pinepine ʻo Chaplin Sr. i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻO kekahi o nā pōpilikia mua loa ma ka moʻomeheu o Charlie Chaplin i kū i ka makahiki 12. Ua make kona makuakāne i ka hana ʻona, a i ka manawa o kona make ʻana he 37 mau makahiki kona.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana ua hoʻomaka ʻo Charlie liʻiliʻi e hana i ke kahua ma ka makahiki 5. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e komo i nā papahana ʻahamele ma kahi o kona makuahine, ka mea i lilo kona leo a ʻaʻole hiki ke hīmeni hou.
Ua hoʻolohe ka poʻe hoʻolohe me ka hauʻoli nui i ke mele a ke keikikāne, pati iā ia a hoʻolei kālā ma ke kahua.
Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki ʻelua, ua hele a pupule ka makuahine o Chaplin, a ʻo ia ke kumu i mālama ʻia ai ʻo ia i kahi hana koi ma ka haukapila noʻonoʻo. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo Charlie lāua ʻo Syd i kahi kula makua makua ʻole.
I loko o kēia wā o ka moʻomeheu, pono i nā keikikāne e loaʻa kā lākou ola iho.
I ka piha ʻana o 9 mau makahiki o Chaplin, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokani i ka hui hulahula "ʻEwalu Lancashire Boys". ʻO ia ka manawa i hiki iā ia ke akaaka i ka poʻe hoʻolohe no ka manawa mua, e hōʻike ana i kahi pōpoki ma ke kahua.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Charlie e haʻalele i ka hui. ʻAʻole hele iki ʻo ia i ke kula. I ke aʻo ʻana o nā keiki āpau, loaʻa iā ia ke kālā ma nā wahi like ʻole i mea e pono ai nā mea e pono ai.
I ka makahiki 14, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Chaplin e hana i ka hale keaka. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke kuleana o Billy ka ʻelele i ka pāʻani "Sherlock Holmes". ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ka ʻōpio i ka heluhelu, no laila ua kōkua kona kaikaina iā ia e aʻo i ke ʻano.
Nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni
I ka makahiki 1908, ua kono ʻia ʻo Charlie Chaplin i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Fred Carnot, kahi i hoʻomākaukau ai ʻo ia i nā pantomime no nā keʻena mele.
Koke, lilo ke kanaka ʻōpio i hoʻokahi o nā mea hana keaka i ka hale keaka. Me ka hui, hoʻomaka ʻo Chaplin e mākaʻikaʻi ma nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole a me nā ʻāina.
I ka pau ʻana o ka mea pena ma ʻAmelika, makemake nui ʻo ia i kēia ʻāina a hoʻoholo ʻo ia e noho ma laila.
Ma USA, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Charlie e ka mea paʻi kiʻi ʻo Mac Sennett, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i kahi hana ma kāna keʻena ponoʻī. Ma hope mai, ua kau inoa ʻia kahi ʻaelike me ke kanaka kālena, e like me ka mea i koi ʻia ai ka studio ʻo "Keystone" e uku iā ia i $ 600 no kēlā me kēia mahina.
I ka mua, ʻaʻole i hōʻoluʻolu ka pāʻani a Chaplin iā Mac, no laila ke kumu i makemake ai ʻo ia e kipaku iā ia. Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua lilo ʻo Charlie i mea pena kiʻi nui a punahele hoʻi i ka poʻe hoʻolohe.
I hoʻokahi manawa, i ka pō o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻana i ka hoʻomākeʻaka "Children's Car Race", ua noi ʻia ka mea hoʻohenehene e hana nona iho. ʻO ia i kēlā manawa i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Charlie Chaplin i hana ai ʻo ia i kāna kiʻi kaulana.
Hoʻokomo ka mea hana keaka i nā pālule ākea, i ka lole komo pono, ka pāpale luna a me nā kāmaʻa nunui. Hoʻohui ʻia, pena ʻo ia i kona ʻumiʻumi kaao i kona alo, a lilo ia i inoa inoa ona.
Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua loaʻa i ka Little Tramp ke kō, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i ka ikaika hou aʻe i kāna mau hana.
I ka wā i loaʻa ai iā Charlie Chaplin ka mahalo nui ʻia, ua ʻike ʻo ia hiki iā ia ke lilo i kākau kākau kākau aʻoi aku ka loea ma mua o kāna "luna".
Hoʻomaha manawa ʻole, hoʻonoho ka mea hoʻohenehene. I ka puna o ka makahiki 1914, ua mālama ʻia ka mea mua o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Hopena e ka ua," kahi i hana ai ʻo Charlie ma ke ʻano he keaka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a no ka manawa mua ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua komo ʻo Chaplin i kahi ʻaelike me ka studio ʻo "Esseney Film", a uku iā ia he $ 5,000 i kēlā me kēia mahina a me $ 10,000 e kau inoa i ka ʻaelike. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki e hoʻonui ʻia nā uku o ka mea pena kiʻi ma kahi o 10 mau manawa.
I ka makahiki 1917, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Charlie e hana pū me First National Studios. No ke kau inoa ʻana i ka ʻaelike, ua loaʻa iā ia he $ 1 miliona, a lilo i mea hana keu ʻoi loa o kēlā manawa.
Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, aia iā Chaplin kāna studio ʻoniʻoni ponoʻī, ʻo United Artists, kahi āna i hana ai a hiki i ka 50, ke haʻalele ʻo ia i United States. I loko o kēia wā o kāna puke moʻomeheu hana, ua hiki iā ia ke paʻi i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni he nui, e like me "Parisienne", "Gold Rush" a me "City Lights".
Ua loaʻa iā Charlie Chaplin kahi pūʻali koa nui o nā pā. Ma hea ʻo ia e hele mai ai, ka lehulehu o ka poʻe ma nā wahi āpau e kali ana iā ia e ʻike i ka Tramp Little me ko lākou mau maka ponoʻī.
No kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe ona home ponoʻī o ka mea hana keaka, a ma muli o ka hopena o ka hoʻolimalima ma ka home a noho paha i nā hōkele. I ka makahiki 1922 ua kūkulu ʻo ia i hale nona ma Beverly Hills, nona nā lumi he 40, ka hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me kahi meaola.
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni piha mua loa ʻO The Great Dictator (1940). Ua lilo ʻo ia i kiʻi pena hope loa kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ke kiʻi o ka heʻe kuʻi ʻo Charlie.
Ka hoʻomaʻau
Ma hope o ka premiere o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni anti-Hitler The Great Dictator, ua hoʻomaʻau ʻino ʻia ʻo Charlie Chaplin. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia no nā hana anti-ʻAmelika a me ka pili ʻana i nā manaʻo komunista.
Ua manaʻo koʻikoʻi ka FBI i ka mea pena kiʻi. ʻO ka piko o ka hoʻomāinoino i hiki mai i nā makahiki 40, ke hōʻike ʻo ia i kāna kiʻi pena aʻe "Monsieur Verdou".
Ua hōʻino nā Censors iā Chaplin no ka mahalo ʻole i ka ʻAmelika i hoʻomalu iā ia (ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻae i ke kamaʻāina ʻAmelika). Hoʻohui ʻia, ua kāhea ʻia ke kanaka hoʻomākeʻaka he Iudaio a me kahi Komunista.
Eia nō naʻe, ua koho ʻia ke mele hoʻomākeʻaka "Monsieur Verdou" no kahi Oscar no ka Best Screenplay.
Ua kipaku ʻia ʻo Charlie Chaplin mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1952 iā ia e kipa ana iā ʻEnelani. ʻO ka hopena, ua noho ke kāne ma ke kūlanakauhale Swiss o Vevey.
I ka ʻike mua ʻana e pāpā ʻia ʻo ia mai kona komo ʻana i ʻAmelika, ua hāʻawi ʻo Chaplin i kahi mana loio i mua no kāna waiwai āpau i kāna wahine. ʻO ka hopena, kūʻai aku ka wahine i nā waiwai āpau, a ma hope ua hele mai ʻo ia me kāna mau keiki i kāna kāne ma Suisse.
Ke ola pilikino
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu, ua male ʻo Charlie Chaplin i nā manawa 4, a he 12 kāna mau keiki.
ʻO kāna wahine mua ʻo Mildred Harris. Ma hope mai, he keikikāne kā lāua, ʻo Norman, i make kokoke koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Noho pū lāua ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki.
No ka lua o ka manawa, ua male ʻo Chaplin i ka ʻōpio ʻo Lita Gray, a me ia i noho ai no 4 mau makahiki. I loko o kēia male, he 2 mau keiki kāne - Charles lāua ʻo Sydney. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ma hope o ka hemo ʻana, ua uku ke kāne iā Gray i $ 800,000 maikaʻi!
Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana me Lita, ua male ʻo Charlie iā Paulette Goddard, kahi āna i noho ai no 6 mau makahiki. He mea pīhoihoi ia ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana me Chaplin, ua lilo ka mea kākau ʻo Erich Maria Remarque i kāne hou na Paulette.
I ka makahiki 1943, ua male ʻo Charlie iā Una O'Neill no ka manawa hope loa ʻehā. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he 36 mau makahiki ma mua o kāna mea i koho ʻia. He ʻewalu keiki a ka wahine.
Nā makahiki i hala a me ka make
He mau makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua naita ʻo Charlie Chaplin e ka Mōʻīwahine Elizabeth 2. Ua make ʻo Charles Spencer Chaplin ma Kēkēmapa 25, 1977 i ka makahiki 88.
Ua kanu ʻia ka mea pena kiʻi nui loa ma ka hale kupapaʻu kūloko. Ma hope o 3 mau mahina, ʻeli nā mea hōʻeuʻeu i ka pahu kupapaʻu o Chaplin e koi ai i uku panai nona.
Ua mālama ka mākaʻi e hoʻopaʻa i nā lawehala, a ma hope iho ua kiʻi hou ʻia ka pahu kupapaʻu me ka mea i make i ka hale kupapaʻu o Swiss ma Meruz ma lalo o kahi papa he 1.8 m o ka pōhaku paʻa.
Nā kiʻi na Charlie Chaplin
