Srinivasa Ramanujan Iyengor (1887-1920) - Ka makemakika India, lālā o ka Royal Society of London. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi aʻo makemakika kūikawā, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ke kahua o ka helu helu. ʻO ka mea nui kāna hana me Godfrey Hardy ma nā asymptotics o ka helu o nā pā p (n).
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino Ramanujan e ʻōlelo ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Srinavasa Ramanujan.
ʻO kā Ramanujan moʻolelo pilikino
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Srinivasa Ramanujan ma ka lā 22 o Kēkēmapa, 1887 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻĀniki o Herodu. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana Tamil.
ʻO ka makuakāne o ka makemakika o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo Kuppuswami Srinivas Iyengar, i hana ma ke ʻano he mea helu kālā ma kahi hale kūʻai lole haʻahaʻa. ʻO koʻu makuahine, ʻo Komalatammal, he wahine hale.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Ramanujan i nā kuʻuna koʻikoʻi o ka brahmana caste. He wahine haipule loa kona makuahine. Ua heluhelu ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo laʻa a hīmeni i ka luakini kūloko.
I ka wā he ʻelua mau makahiki o ke keikikāne, ua maʻi ʻo ia i ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. Eia nō naʻe, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻōla mai kahi maʻi weliweli a ola.
I loko o kāna mau makahiki kula, ua hōʻike ʻo Ramanujan i nā makemakika koʻikoʻi. I ka ʻike, ua ʻoki ʻo ia ma luna o kāna mau hoa āpau.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, loaʻa iā Srinivasa kekahi mau hana ma ka trigonometry mai kahi haumāna āna i ʻike ai, a hoihoi nui iā ia.
ʻO ka hopena, i ka makahiki 14, ua ʻike ʻo Ramanujan i ka hana a Euler no sine a me cosine, akā i kona ʻike ʻana ua paʻi ʻia, ua huhū loa ʻo ia.
I ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaka ke kanaka ʻōpio e noiʻi i kahi 2-volume Collection of Elementary Results ma Pure and Applied Matematika na George Shubridge Carr.
Aia ka hana ma luna o 6000 theorems a me nā formulate, ʻaʻohe o lākou hōʻike a me nā ʻōlelo.
ʻO Ramanujan, me ke kōkua ʻole o nā kumu a me nā makemakika, ua hoʻomaka kūʻokoʻa e hoʻopaʻa i nā hana i ʻōlelo ʻia. Mahalo i kēia, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka noʻonoʻo me kahi ala kumu o ka hōʻoia.
I ka puka ʻana o Srinivasa mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlanakauhale ma 1904, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi makana makemakika mai ke poʻo o ke kula, ʻo Krishnaswami Iyer. Ua hoʻolauna ke alakaʻi iā ia ma ke ʻano he haumāna loea a hanohano hoʻi.
I loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua ʻikea aku ʻo Ramanujan i mau kahu ma ke kino o kāna haku ʻo Sir Francis Spring, ka hoa hana ʻo S. Narayan Iyer a me ke kākau ʻōlelo o ka ʻĀina Makemakika India ʻO R. Ramachandra Rao
Ka hana ʻepekema
Ma 1913, ua loaʻa i kahi polofesa kaulana ma ke Kulanui ʻo Cambridge ʻo Godfrey Hardy kahi leka mai Ramanujan mai, a ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻaʻohe ona aʻo ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kula kiʻekiʻe.
Ua kākau ke kāne e hana ana ʻo ia i ka makemakika iā ia iho. Aia i loko o ka leka he mau ʻano hana i lawe ʻia e Ramanujan. Ua noi ʻo ia i ka polopeka e hoʻopuka iā lākou inā hoihoi ia iā ia.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Ramanujan ʻaʻole hiki iā ia iho ke hoʻopuka i kāna hana ma muli o ka ʻilihune.
Ua ʻike koke ʻo Hardy e paʻa ana kāna mea pono ʻole. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomaka kahi leka leka ma waena o ka polofesa a me ke kākau ʻōlelo ʻInia.
Ma hope mai, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Godfrey Hardy ma kahi o 120 formulate i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ke kaiāulu ʻepekema. Ua kono ke kāne iā Ramanujan he 27 ona makahiki i Cambridge no ka hana hou ʻana.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i UK, ua koho ʻia ka makemakika ʻōpio i ka English Academy of Science. Ma hope o kēlā, ua lilo ʻo ia i polopeka ma ke Kulanui o Cambridge.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo Ramanujan ka India mua i loaʻa nā ʻano hanohano.
I kēlā manawa, paʻi nā moʻolelo kālaimeaola o Srinivas Ramanujan i nā hana hou pākahi, i loaʻa nā paukū a me nā hōʻoia hou. Ua hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia kāna mau hoa e ka maikaʻi a me ke kālena o ka makemakika ʻōpio.
Mai ka wā ʻōpio, ua nānā ka ʻepekema a noiʻi hohonu i nā helu kikoʻī. I kekahi ala kupaianaha, ua hiki iā ia ke ʻike i kahi nui o nā mea.
Ma kahi hālāwai ninaninau, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Hardy i ka huaʻōlelo i lalo: "ʻO kēlā me kēia helu kūlohelohe he hoa pilikino ia no Ramanujan."
ʻO ka poʻe o ka wā makemakika makamae i manaʻo iā ia he hanana exotic, 100 mau makahiki i hala i hānau Eia nō naʻe, mahalo nui nā mea ʻepekema o Ramanujan i nā ʻepekema o ko mākou manawa.
ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia kā Ramanujan wahi o ka ʻepekema hoihoi. Makemake ʻo ia i nā lālani palena ʻole, nā kaha kilokilo, nā lālani palena ʻole, ka hoʻopuni ʻana i kahi pōʻai, nā helu laumania, nā mea hoʻohui paʻa, a me nā mea like ʻole.
Ua loaʻa ʻo Srinivasa i kekahi mau hāʻina o ka hoʻohālikelike Euler a ua hoʻolālā ʻia ma kahi o 120 mau manaʻo.
I kēia lā, manaʻo ʻia ʻo Ramanujan ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohui nui o nā hakina hoʻomau i ka moʻolelo o ka makemakika. Ua kī ʻia nā pepa paʻi pepa he nui a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i kona hoʻomanaʻo.
Make
Ua make ʻo Srinivasa Ramanujan ma ka lā 26 ʻApelila 1920 ma ka panalāʻau o ka pelekikena ʻo Madras ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻea ʻana i India i ka makahiki 32.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kākau moʻolelo o ka makemakika ke hele i kahi ʻae no ke kumu o kona make ʻana.
Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ua make paha ʻo Ramanujan mai ka maʻi kō.
I ka makahiki 1994, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi mana e like me ka mea i hiki iā ia ke loaʻa amoebiasis, kahi maʻi maʻi a me nā parasite i hōʻike ʻia e colitis hoʻomau pinepine me nā hōʻike extraintestinal.
Nā kiʻi Ramanujan
