ʻO Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) - Kelemania akeakamai, mea loea, makemakika, mīkini, physicist, loio, mea kākau moʻolelo, diplomat, mea haku a mea kākau ʻōlelo. ʻO ka mea hoʻokumu a pelekikena mua hoʻi o ka Berlin Academy of Science, lālā haole o ka French Academy of Science.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino Leibniz, a mākou e haʻi e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Gottfried Leibniz.
Leibniz biography
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Gottfried Leibniz ma Iune 21 (Iulai 1) 1646 ma Leipzig. Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o ke akeakamai o nā akeakamai ʻo Friedrich Leibnutz a me kāna wahine ʻo Katerina Schmukk.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua hoʻomaka ke kālena a Gottfried e hōʻike i kona mau makahiki mua, ka mea a kona makuakāne i ʻike koke ai.
Ua paipai ke poʻo o ka ʻohana i kāna keiki e loaʻa ka ʻike like ʻole. Eia hou, ua haʻi pono ʻo ia iā ia iho i nā mea hoihoi mai ka moʻolelo, a ke keikikāne i hoʻolohe ai me ka hauʻoli nui.
I ka piha ʻana o 6 mau makahiki o Leibniz, ua make kona makuakāne, ʻo ia ka pōʻino mua loa i kāna puke moʻomanaʻo. Ma hope ona iho, ua haʻalele ka poʻo o ka ʻohana i kahi waihona puke nui, mahalo i hiki i ke keiki kāne ke komo i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ia iho.
I kēlā manawa, ua kamaʻāina ʻo Gottfried me nā palapala a ka mea kākau moʻolelo Roma kahiko ʻo Livy a me ka waihona manawa o Calvisius. Ua lilo kēia mau puke i mea nui loa iā ia, a mālama ʻia i loko o kona ola.
I ka manawa like, ua aʻo ka ʻōpio i ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia a me ka Lākina. Ua ʻoi aku kona ikaika i ka ʻike o kāna mau hoa āpau, ka mea i ʻike maoli ʻia e nā kumu.
I loko o ka hale waihona puke o kona makuakāne, ua loaʻa ʻo Leibniz i nā hana a Herodotus, Cicero, Plato, Seneca, Pliny a me nā mea kākau kahiko ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻolaʻa aku ʻo ia i kāna manawa kūʻokoʻa i nā puke, e hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa hou a me ka ʻike hou aku.
Ua aʻo ʻo Gottfried ma ke kula ʻo Leipzig o St. Thomas, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke ʻike i nā ʻepekema kikoʻī a me nā puke.
I ka manawa i hiki i kahi ʻōpio 13 ona makahiki ke haku i kahi paukū ma ka Lākina, i kūkulu ʻia e 5 dactyls, e loaʻa ana ke kani i makemake ʻia o nā huaʻōlelo.
Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kula, ua komo ʻo Gottfried Leibniz i ke Kulanui o Leipzig, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia kekahi mau makahiki ʻelua i ke Kulanui o Jena. I loko o kēia wā o kona moʻomeheu, ua hoihoi ʻo ia i ke akeakamai, ke kānāwai, a ua hōʻike pū kekahi i ka hoihoi i ka makemakika.
I ka makahiki 1663, ua loaʻa iā Leibniz kahi kekelē laepua a laila kēkelē laepua ma ka akeakamai.
Ke aʻo ʻana
ʻO ka hana mua a Gottfried "Ma ke kumumanaʻo o ke kūʻokoʻa" i paʻi ʻia ma 1663. Kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o ka puka ʻana ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alchemist hoʻolimalima.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka wā i lohe ai ke kāne e pili ana i ka kaiāulu alchemical, makemake ʻo ia e lilo i loko ona e ka ʻimi ʻana i ka maʻalea.
Ua kope ʻo Leibniz i nā formulate huikau loa mai nā puke e pili ana i ka alchemy, a ma hope ua lawe mai ʻo ia i kāna pepa ponoʻī i nā alakaʻi o ke Kauoha Rosicrucian. I ko lākou kamaʻāina ʻana i ka "hana" a ua ʻōpio nei, ua hōʻike lākou i ko lākou mahalo iā ia a ua hoʻolaha lākou iā ia he loea.
Ma hope, ua ʻae ʻo Gottfried ʻaʻole hilahila ʻo ia i kāna hana, ʻoiai ua hoʻokau ʻia ʻo ia e ka hoihoi i ʻole e kaohi ʻia.
I ka makahiki 1667, ua lawe ʻia ʻo Leibniz e nā manaʻo akeakamai a me ka noʻonoʻo, e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kēia wahi. I kekahi mau kenekulia ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o Sigmund Freud, ua hoʻomalu ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o ka ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻana i nā ʻike liʻiliʻi.
I ka makahiki 1705, ua paʻi ka ʻepekema i ka New Experiment on Human Understanding, a ma hope ua ʻike ʻia kāna hana akeakamai ʻo Monadology.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Gottfried i kahi ʻōnaehana synthetic, me ka manaʻo e pili ana ka honua i kekahi mau mea - monad, kahi kaʻawale mai kēlā me kēia. ʻO Monad, ma ke ʻano, kū i kahi ʻuhane o ka noho ʻana.
Kākoʻo ka mea akeakamai i ka mea e ʻike i ke ao nei ma o ka unuhi pono ʻana. I kona hoʻomaopopo ʻana, he kuikahi kona, akā i ka manawa like ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e lanakila i nā kūʻē o ka maikaʻi a me ka hewa.
Makemakika a me ʻEpekema
ʻOiai i ka lawelawe ʻana a ka Elector o Mainz, pono ʻo Leibniz e kipa i nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa. I loko o ia mau huakaʻi, ua launa ʻo ia me ka mea ʻimi Dutch ma Christian Huygens, ka mea i hoʻomaka e aʻo iā ia i ka makemakika.
I ka makahiki 20, ua paʻi ke kāne i kahi puke "On the Art of Combinatorics", a ua lawe pū i nā nīnau i ke kahua o ka mathematization o ka noʻonoʻo. No laila, kū maoli ʻo ia i ke kumu o ka ʻepekema lolouila hou.
I ka makahiki 1673, ua hana ʻo Gottfried i kahi mīkini helu e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā helu e hana ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana decimal. Ma hope iho, ua kaulana kēia mīkini ʻo Leibniz arithmometer.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia kahi mīkini hoʻohui like i hoʻopau ʻia i ka lima o Peter 1. Ua pīhoihoi ka Lūkini tsar me nā mea hana waho i hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hāʻawi i ka mōʻī Kina.
I ka makahiki 1697, ua launa ʻo Peter the Great me Leibniz. Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio lōʻihi ʻana, ua kauoha ʻo ia e hāʻawi i ka ʻepekema i kahi uku kālā a hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ka inoa ʻo Privy Counselor of Justice.
Ma hope, mahalo i nā hana a Leibniz, ua ʻae ʻo Peter e kūkulu i kahi Academy of Science ma St.
Ua hōʻike nā mea kākau moʻolelo a Gottfried i kāna hoʻopaʻapaʻa me Isaac Newton ponoʻī, i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1708. Ua hoʻopiʻi ka mea hope iā Leibniz no ka plagiarism ke aʻo pono ʻo ia i kāna helu helu ʻokoʻa.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Newton e piʻi mai me nā hopena like 10 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā ʻaʻole makemake iki e hoʻopuka i kāna mau manaʻo. ʻAʻole i hōʻole ʻo Gottfried i kona wā ʻōpio ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā palapala a ʻIsaaka, akā ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hōʻea ʻo ia ma nā hopena like nona iho.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Leibniz i kahi hōʻailona kūpono hou aku, i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā.
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia hakakā ma waena o nā ʻepekema nui ʻelua ma ke ʻano he "squabble hilahila loa i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka makemakika."
Ma waho o ka makemakika, ke kālaikūlohea a me ka noʻonoʻo, ua makemake pū ʻo Gottfried i ka ʻōlelo, ka luna kānāwai a me ka biology.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻAʻole i hoʻokō pinepine ʻo Leibniz i kāna mau mea i ʻike ʻia, a ʻo kahi hopena a nā manaʻo he nui i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia.
Nānā ke kāne i ke ola me ka manaʻolana maikaʻi, ʻano kupaianaha a me ka naʻau. Eia nō naʻe, kaulana ʻo ia no ka sting a me ka makee, hōʻole ʻole i kēia mau lawehala. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kākau moʻolelo o Gottfried Leibniz ke hele i kahi ʻae i ka nui o kāna mau wahine.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua pili aloha ka makemakika i ka mōʻī wahine Prussian ʻo Sophia Charlotte o Hanover. Eia nō naʻe, pili platonic loa kā lāua pilina.
Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Sophia ma 1705, ʻaʻole hiki iā Gottfried ke loaʻa nona ka wahine āna e makemake ai.
Make
I nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana, ua pili loa ka pilina o Leibniz me ke aliʻi ʻEnelani. Ua nānā lākou i ka ʻepekema ma ke ʻano he mea kākau moʻolelo maʻamau, a ua maopopo loa i ka mōʻī ke uku makehewa nei ia no nā hana a Gottfried.
Ma muli o kahi nohona noho, hoʻomohala ke kāne i ka gout a me ka rumatika. Ua make ʻo Gottfried Leibniz ma Nowemapa 14, 1716 i ka makahiki 70 me ka helu ʻole ʻana i ka mahele lāʻau.
ʻO kāna kākau ʻōlelo kāna i hele mai nei e hoʻokō i ka huakaʻi hope loa a ka makemakika.
Nā kiʻi Leibniz
