Paul Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945) - ka luna politika Kelemania, kekahi o nā Nazis mana loa o ke kolu o ka Reich. ʻO Gauleiter ma Berlin, ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana hoʻolaha NSDAP.
Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi kōkua nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka National Socialists i ka pae hope loa o ka noho ʻana o ka Weimar Republic.
I ka manawa 1933-1945. ʻO Goebbels ke kuhina o ka propaganda a me ka pelekikena o ka keʻena emepala o ka moʻomeheu. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻowalewale manaʻo ideological o ka Holocaust.
ʻO kāna haʻi ʻōlelo kaulana e pili ana i ke kaua nui, āna i hana ai ma Pelelina ma Pepeluali 1943, he laʻana maopopo loa ia no ka manipulate o ka ʻike lehulehu.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Goebbels, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Joseph Goebbels.
Kawaihae o Goebbels
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Joseph Goebbels ma ka lā 29 ʻOkakopa 1897 ma ke kūlanakauhale Prussian o Reidt, aia ma Mönchengladbach. Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o kahi ʻohana Katolika maʻalahi ʻo Fritz Goebbels a me kāna wahine ʻo Maria Katarina. Ma waho o Iosepa, he ʻelima mau keiki hou a kona mau mākua - 2 keikikāne a me 3 mau kaikamahine, a make kekahi o lākou i ka wā kamaliʻi.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
He loaʻa kālā maʻalahi ko ka ʻohana Goebbels, a ʻo ka hopena i hiki i kāna mau lālā ke uku wale i nā mea e pono ai.
I ke kamaliʻi, ua ʻeha ʻo Josef i nā maʻi e pili pū ana me ka maʻi ponia lōʻihi. Ua hoʻololi ʻia kona ʻūhā ʻākau, huli i loko no ka hemahema o ka hānau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a me ka pōkole o ka hema.
I ka makahiki 10, ua hana ʻo Goebbels i kahi hana kūleʻa. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka mea hao hao kūikawā a me nā kāmaʻa ma kona wāwae, e loaʻa ana i ka limp. No kēia kumu, ua ʻike ke komisina iā ia ʻaʻole kūpono no ka ʻoihana koa, ʻoiai makemake ʻo ia e hele i mua ma ke ʻano he manawaleʻa.
I kāna puke pai, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Joseph Goebbels i ka wā ʻōpio, no ka pono kīnā o ke kino, ʻaʻole ʻimi ʻo ia e hoaaloha me ia. No laila, noho mau ʻo ia me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka hoʻokani piano a me ka heluhelu ʻana i nā puke.
ʻOiai ʻo nā mākua o ke keikikāne he poʻe haipule lākou i aʻo i kā lākou keiki e aloha a pule i ke Akua, he ʻano maikaʻi ʻole ko Iosepa i ka haipule. Ua manaʻo kuhihewa ʻo ia ʻoiai he nui nā maʻi i loaʻa iā ia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki i kahi Akua aloha ke ola.
Ua aʻo ʻo Goebbels ma kekahi o nā kula grammar ʻoi loa o ke kūlanakauhale, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia nā māka kiʻekiʻe i nā aʻo āpau. Ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ka hale hoʻoikaika kino, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka mōʻaukala, philology a me nā aʻo Kelemania ma nā kula o Bonn, Würzburg, Freiburg a me Munich.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa, ua uku ʻia kā Joseph aʻo e ka Ekalesia Katolika, ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā haumāna maikaʻi loa. Ua lana ka manaʻo o nā mākua o ka mea hoʻolaha i ka wā e lilo ana kā lāua keiki i kahunapule, akā ua makehewa kā lākou mea i manaʻo ai.
I kēlā manawa, makemake nui ka moʻolelo ʻo Goebbels i ka hana a Fyodor Dostoevsky a kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "ka makua ʻuhane." Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e lilo i mea kākau moʻolelo a ua hoʻāʻo hoʻi e ʻike iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he mea kākau. I ka makahiki 22, ua hoʻomaka ke kāne e hana ma ka moʻolelo autobiograpical "The Young Years of Michael Forman."
Ma hope, ua pale aku ʻo Josef Goebbels i kāna pepa kauka kauka no ka hana a ka mea hana keaka ʻo Wilhelm von Schütz. I kāna mau hana ma hope mai, ua loaʻa nā leka o ka anti-Semitism hou.
Nā hana Nazi
ʻOiai ua kākau ʻo Goebbels i nā moʻolelo, nā pāʻani a me nā ʻatikala he nui, ʻaʻole kūleʻa kāna hana. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele i nā puke a hoʻokomo iā ia iho i ka politika.
I 1922, lilo ʻo Josef i lālā o ka National Socialist Workers 'Party, a ʻo Strasser ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki ʻelua, lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻoponopono o ka hoʻolaha propaganda ʻo Völkische Freiheit.
I kēlā manawa, moʻolelo pilikino, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Goebbels e hoihoi i ka pilikino a me nā manaʻo o Adolf Hitler, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻohewa mua i kāna mau hana. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo ia i ke aupuni USSR, e noʻonoʻo ana i kēia mokuʻāina kapu.
Eia nō naʻe, i ko Iosepa hui pū ʻana me Hitler, ua hauʻoli ʻo ia me ia. Ma hope o kēlā, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea pili a pili loa i ke poʻo o ke kolu o ka Reich.
Kuhina Hoʻolaha
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Adolf Hitler e lawe i ka propaganda Nazi ma hope o ka holo pono ʻole ʻana o ka Beer Hall Putsch. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua huki ʻo ia i ka maka i nā charebatic Goebbels, ka poʻe i loaʻa nā mākau oratorical a me ka hoʻonohonoho pono.
I ka puna o 1933, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Hitler i ka Imperial Ministry of Public Education and Propaganda, āna i hoʻonoho ai i poʻo no Joseph. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole i hoʻohoka ʻo Goebbels i kāna alakaʻi a loaʻa i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma kāna kula.
Mahalo i kāna waihona nui o ka ʻike a me ka loea i ka psychology, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu, ka poʻe i kākoʻo nui i nā ʻōlelo slogan a me nā manaʻo o ka Nazi. Ua ʻike ʻo ia inā hana hou ka poʻe i nā postulate like i nā haʻiʻōlelo, ma o ka nūpepa a ma o ka hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, e lilo lākou i poʻe hoʻolohe.
ʻO ia nāna ka huaʻōlelo kaulana: "E hāʻawi mai iaʻu i ka pāpaho, a naʻu nō e hana i kahi puaʻa puaʻa mai kekahi lāhui."
I loko o kāna mau haʻi ʻōlelo, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Joseph Goebbels iā Nazism a huli i kona mau makaʻāinana e kūʻē i nā komunista, nā Iudaio a me nā lāhui "haʻahaʻa" ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia iā Hitler, e kāhea ana iā ia ka mea nāna e hoʻōla wale i ka poʻe Kelemania.
Ke Kaua Honua ʻElua
I ka makahiki 1933, ua haʻi ʻo Goebbels i kahi ʻōlelo ahi i nā koa o ka pūʻali koa Kelemania, me ka hōʻoia ʻana iā lākou i ka pono e noho i ka ʻāina o ka Hikina a hōʻole ʻole e hoʻokō i ke kuʻikahi o Versailles.
I loko o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua (1939-1945), ua hoʻohewa ʻo Iosepa i ke kamaʻilio me ke ohohia nui aʻe a kāhea aku i ka poʻe e militarize. I ka makahiki 1943, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Kelemania e ʻehaʻeha nui i mua, ua hoʻolaha ka mea hoʻolaha i kāna haʻi ʻōlelo kaulana e pili ana i ka "Total War", kahi i paipai ai i ka poʻe e hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana āpau e hiki ai ke lanakila
I ka 1944, ua koho ʻo Hitler iā Goebbels e alakaʻi i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā koa Kelemania. Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia i nā koa e hoʻomau i ke kaua, ʻoiai ʻo ka hopena ua make ʻo Kelemania. Kākoʻo ka mea hoʻolaha i nā koa Kelemania i mau lā ma ka hopena, e hoʻolaha ana e kali ana ʻo ia no lākou ma ka home a i ʻole ke eo.
Ma ke kauoha a ka Fuhrer, i ka waenakonu o ʻOkakopa 1944, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūʻali koa o ka poʻe - Volkssturm, me nā kāne i kūpono ʻole no ka lawelawe. Mai ka makahiki 45-60 ka makahiki o ka pūʻali koa. ʻAʻole mākaukau lākou no ke kaua a ʻaʻohe o lākou me nā mea kaua kūpono.
I ka manaʻo o Goebbels, ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā mau detachment e pale kūleʻa aku i nā pahu Soviet a me nā pūkuniahi, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli ʻole kēia.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻAʻohe helehelena uʻi o Joseph Goebbels. He kanaka ʻoʻopa a pōkole hoʻi ia me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoʻoleʻa. Eia naʻe, ua uku ʻia nā kīnā o ke kino e kāna mau noʻonoʻo a me kāna charisma.
I ka hopena o 1931, ua male ke kāne iā Magda, ka mea hoihoi i kāna mau haʻiʻōlelo. Ma hope, ua hānau ʻia he ʻeono mau keiki i kēia hui.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka inoa o ka wahine i nā keiki āpau e hoʻomaka ana me ka leka like: Helga, Hilda, Helmut, Hold, Hedd a me Hyde.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he kāne kā Magda i kapa ʻia ʻo Harald mai ka male ma mua. ʻO Harald wale nō ka lālā o ka ʻohana Goebbels i hiki ke ola i ke kaua.
Ua makemake nui ʻo Hitler e hele e kipa i nā Goebbels, e leʻaleʻa nei i ka kamaʻilio wale ʻana me Joseph a me Magda, akā mai kā lāua mau keiki.
Ma 1936, ua hui ke poʻo o ka ʻohana me ka mea pena Czech ʻo Lida Baarova, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi aloha ʻino. I ka manawa i ʻike ai ʻo Magda e pili ana i kēia, hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i ka Fuhrer.
ʻO ka hopena, ua koi ʻo Hitler e hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Iosepa me ka wahine Czech, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ona makemake e lilo kēia moʻolelo i waiwai no ka lehulehu. He mea nui iā ia e mālama i kēia male, ʻoiai ʻo Goebbels a me kāna wahine i hauʻoli i ka hanohano nui ma Kelemania.
He kūpono ia e ʻōlelo aku nei ua pili pū ka wahine a ka mea hoʻolaha me nā kāne like ʻole, ʻo Kurt Ludecke lāua ʻo Karl Hanke.
Make
I ka pō o ʻApelila 18, 1945, ʻo Goebbels, ka mea i nele i ka manaʻolana, puhi i kāna mau pepa ponoʻī, a i kekahi lā aʻe ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna haʻi ʻōlelo hope loa ma ka lewa. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻokomo i ka manaʻolana no ka lanakila i ka poʻe e hoʻolohe ana, akā ua kūleʻa ʻole kāna mau ʻōlelo.
Ma hope o ko Adolf Hitler pepehi kanaka ʻana iā ia iho, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hele i ke ʻano o kāna kiʻi akua. He pīhoihoi ia e like me ka makemake o Hitler, ua lilo ʻo Iosepa i kuhina nui ʻo Kelemania.
ʻO ka make ʻana o ka Fuhrer i loko o kahi kaumaha hohonu, ua hōʻike ʻo ia ua lilo ke kanaka nui i ka ʻāina. Ma ka lā 1 o Mei, ua kau inoa ʻo ia i ka palapala wale nō ma ke kūlana o ke kuhina nui, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no Joseph Stalin.
I loko o ka leka, ua hōʻike ʻo Goebbels i ka make ʻana o Hitler, a ua noi pū kekahi no kahi pau. Eia naʻe, ua koi ke alakaʻi o ka USSR i ka hāʻawi pio ʻole, a ʻo kahi hopena i hiki ai ke kūkā kamaʻilio i kahi hopena make.
Me kāna wahine a me kāna mau keiki, iho ʻo Iosepa i ka bunker. Ua hoʻoholo paʻa lāua e hana i ke ola, a hoʻomākaukau pū i ka hopena like no kā lāua keiki. Ua noi ʻo Magda i kāna kāne e hoʻokomo i nā keiki me ka morphine, a haki pū kekahi i nā capsule cyanide i loko o ko lākou waha.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī o ka make ʻana o ka Nazi a me kāna wahine. ʻIke ʻia no ka mea ua lawe ka wahine i ka cyanide i ke ahiahi nui o Mei 1, 1945. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kākau moʻolelo ke noʻonoʻo inā hiki iā Iosepa ke kī iā ia iho i ke poʻo i ka manawa like.
I ka lā aʻe, ua loaʻa i nā koa Lūkini nā kino ahi o ka ʻohana Goebbels.
Nā kiʻi Goebbels
