ʻO Andy Warhole (inoa maoli Andrew Warhol; 1928-1987) he mea pena kiʻi ʻAmelika, mea hana, mea hoʻolālā, mea kākau, mea hoʻopuka puke a me mea hoʻokele. Kahi hiʻohiʻona i ka mōʻaukala o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pop pop a me nā hana o kēia au i ka nui. ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka manaʻo o "homo universale", ka mea nāna i hana i nā hana kokoke i ka "art pop pop".
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Andy Warhol, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o Andy Warhol.
Kawaihae o Andy Warhol
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Andy Warhol i ka lā 6 ʻAukake 1928 ma ka American Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania). Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o kahi ʻohana maʻalahi o ka malihini o Slovak.
ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Andrei, i ʻeli i ka lānahu i ka maina, a ua hana kona makuahine, ʻo Julia, ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaʻemaʻe. He keiki ʻehā a Andy na kona mau mākua.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Andy Warhol i kahi ʻohana haipule, nona nā lālā he Helene Kakolika. Mai ka wā ʻōpio, ua kipa ke keikikāne i ka luakini ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi i pule ai i ke Akua.
I ke kūlana ʻekolu ʻo Andy, ua hana ʻo ia i ka hana a Sydenham, kahi i loaʻa ai i kekahi kanaka ka huikau puʻupuʻu. A ʻo kahi hopena, mai kahi keiki leʻaleʻa a kolohe hoʻi, ua lilo ʻo ia i martyr, kahi moe no nā makahiki he nui.
Ma muli o kona kūlana olakino, ʻaʻole hiki iā Warhol ke hele i ke kula, a lilo i mea ʻoi loa i ka papa. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua lilo ʻo ia i keikikāne nāwaliwali loa a maʻalahi hoʻi. Eia hou, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi makaʻu makaʻu i ka ʻike ʻia o nā haukapila a me nā kauka, a noho mau ʻo ia a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola.
I kēlā mau makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu, i ka wā i koi ʻia ai ʻo Andy e moe i ka moena, ua hoihoi ʻo ia i nā hana noʻeau. Ua ʻoki ʻo ia i nā kiʻi o nā mea pena kiʻi kaulana mai nā nūpepa, a ma hope ua hana ʻo ia i nā collage. Wahi a ia, ʻo kēia leʻaleʻa i hoʻonāukiuki i kona hoihoi i ka noʻeau a hoʻomohala i kahi ʻono noʻeau.
I ka wā ʻōpio ʻo Warhol, ua nalowale kona makuakāne, a ua make ʻino ia i loko o kaʻu. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palapala hōʻoia, ua komo ʻo ia i ka Carnegie Institute of Technology, e hoʻoholo ana e hoʻohui i kona ola me ka hana a kahi mea kākau kiʻi.
Hoʻomaka ʻo Carier
Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ke kula ma 1949, ua hele ʻo Andy Warhol i New York, kahi i komo ai ʻo ia i ka lole aniani, a huki pū ʻia hoʻi nā kāleka kāleka a me nā pelaha. Ma hope ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana pū me nā puke pai kaulana, e like me Harper's Bazaar a me Vogue, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he mea kākau kiʻi.
ʻO kā Warhol hana kūleʻa mua i hele mai ma hope o kāna hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi hoʻolaha no ka hale hana kāmaʻa “I. Miller ". Hōʻike ʻo ia i nā kāmaʻa ma ka pepa, e hoʻonaninani ana i kāna sketch me nā kiko. No kāna hana, loaʻa iā ia kahi uku maikaʻi, a me nā makana he nui mai nā ʻoihana kaulana.
I ka makahiki 1962 ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Andy i kāna hōʻike mua, a nāna i lawe nui iā ia i ke kaulana. Ua holo maikaʻi kāna ʻoihana a hiki iā ia ke kūʻai aku i hale ma Manhattan.
Ua lilo i kanaka waiwai, ua hiki iā Andy Warhol ke hana i kāna mea i makemake ai - ke kaha kiʻi ʻana. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea mua e hoʻohana i ka paʻi paʻi. Pēlā, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui koke i kāna mau canvases.
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā matrices, ua hana ʻo Warhol i kāna mau collage kaulana loa me nā kiʻi o Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, Lenin a me John F. Kennedy, a lilo i hōʻailona no ka pop pop.
Hana Hou
Ma 1960 ua hana ʻo Andy i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā kini Coca-Cola. A laila ua hoihoi ʻo ia i nā kiʻi, e hōʻike ana i nā banknotes ma nā canvases. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ke kahua o nā "kini", āna i pena ai me ka paʻi paʻi silika.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Warhol ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi loea kaulana loa i ka mōʻaukala. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kāna hana ma nā ʻano like ʻole: ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi he satirist, a ʻo kekahi he haku i ka hōʻino ʻana i ke ola o ko ʻAmelika i kēlā me kēia lā, a ʻo kekahi poʻe hoʻi i hana i kāna hana ma ke ʻano he papahana kālepa kūleʻa.
He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo he aliʻi ʻoi loa ʻo Andy Warhol i ka huhū a ua hoʻokano ʻia e ka hoʻokalakupua. Ua kauoha ʻia mai nā kiʻi o nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā mea kālaiʻāina o ka honua.
ʻO ka hale ma Manhattan, kahi i noho ai ka mea pena kiʻi, ua kapa ʻo Andy i "The Factory". Ma ʻaneʻi i paʻi ʻo ia i nā kiʻi, hana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a hoʻonohonoho pinepine i nā ahiahi hana, kahi i ʻākoakoa ai ka poʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mōʻī o ka pop art wale nō, akā he lunamakaʻāinana nui nō ia o nā kiʻi noʻonoʻo manaʻo hou.
I kēia lā, poʻokela ʻo Warhol i ka papa inoa o nā mea pena kiʻi kūʻai aku maikaʻi loa. E like me ka 2013, ka huina waiwai o nā hana a ko ʻAmelika i kūʻai aku ma nā kūkālā ma mua o $ 427 miliona! I ka manawa like, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi moʻolelo - $ 105.4 miliona no ka Silver Car Crash, i hana ʻia ma 1963.
Hoʻāʻo pepehi kanaka
I ke kauwela o 1968, he wahine wahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Valerie Solanas, ka mea nāna i hōkū i kekahi o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a Warhol, kī ʻekolu mau manawa i ka ʻōpū. A laila huli ke kaikamahine i ka mākaʻi, e hōʻike ana iā ia no kāna hewa.
Ma hope o nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi, ua hoʻōla kupaianaha ʻia ka mōʻī o pop pop. Ua ʻeha ʻo ia i ka make maʻi a me kahi hana paʻakikī, a ʻo nā hopena o kēia pōpilikia i kūʻē iā ia a hiki i kona make ʻana.
Ua hōʻole ʻo Warhol i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka wahine wahine, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai iā Valerie he 3 mau makahiki wale nō i ka hale paʻahao, a me nā hana koi ma ka haukapila noʻonoʻo. Ua koi ʻia ʻo Andy e ʻaʻahu i kahi corset kūikawā ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, no ka mea ua ʻino nā ʻōpū o loko.
Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomohala ka mea pena kiʻi i ka makaʻu ʻoi aku i nā kauka a me nā keʻena lapaʻau. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia kēia ma kāna psyche wale nō, akā i kāna hana pū kekahi. I loko o kāna mau canvases, hōʻike pinepine ʻo ia i nā noho uila, nā pōpilikia, nā suicides a me nā mea like ʻole.
Ke ola pilikino
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi loa, ua helu ʻia ʻo Warhol me kahi hihia me kāna wahine a me kāna ipo wahine, ke ʻano hoʻohālike ʻo Edie Sedgwick. Makemake lākou e hoʻomaha pū, ʻaʻahu like a komo i ka lauoho like.
Eia nō naʻe, he homosexual hāmama ʻo Andy, ka mea i hōʻike pinepine iā ia iho i kāna hana. ʻO kāna mau ipo i nā manawa like ʻole ʻo Billy Name, John Giorno, Jed Johnson a me John Gould. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī e inoa i ka helu kikoʻī o nā hoa o ka mea pena kiʻi.
Make
Ua make ʻo Andy Warhol ma Pepeluali 22, 1987 i ka makahiki 58. Ua make ʻo ia ma ka haukapila ʻo Manhattan, kahi i lawe ʻia ai kāna gallbladder. ʻO ke kumu kūhelu o ka make ʻana o ka mea pena ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka naʻau.
Ua hoʻopiʻi kona ʻohana ma ka haukapila, e hoʻopiʻi nei i ka limahana kūpono ʻole. Ua hoʻoponopono koke ʻia ka hakakā ma waho o ka ʻaha, a loaʻa i ka ʻohana Warhol ka uku kālā. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he hilinaʻi nā kauka e ola ʻo ia i kēia hana.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻike hou ʻia kahi hihia, 30 mau makahiki ma hope o ka make ʻana o Andy, ua hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia. Ua noʻonoʻo ka poʻe loea i kona mau makahiki, nā pilikia o ka gallbladder, a me kona mau ʻeha pū mua.
Nā kiʻi na Andy Warhol
