ʻO Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) - Kelemania akeakamai, kekahi o nā manaʻo nui loa o ka irrationalism, misanthrope. Ua hoihoi ʻo ia i ka romanticism Kelemania, aloha i ka mysticism, ʻōlelo nui i ka hana a Immanuel Kant, a mahalo pū i nā manaʻo akeakamai o ka Buddhism.
Ua manaʻo ʻo Schopenhauer i ka honua i kēia manawa "ka honua maikaʻi loa", no laila i loaʻa iā ia ka inoa kapakapa ʻo "akeakamai o ka pessimism." 
He hopena koʻikoʻi kā Schopenhauer i nā mea noʻonoʻo kaulana, e like me Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Leo Tolstoy a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino Schopenhauer, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Arthur Schopenhauer.
ʻO kā Biopenhauer's biography
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Arthur Schopenhauer ma Pepeluali 22, 1788 i ke kūlanakauhale o Gdansk, aia ma ka panalāʻau o ka Commonwealth. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i kahi ʻohana waiwai a aʻo hoʻi.
ʻO ka makuakāne o ka mea noʻonoʻo, ʻo Heinrich Floris, kahi kālepa i kipa aku iā ʻEnelani a me Palani ma ke kālepa, a makemake pū kekahi i ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa. ʻO koʻu makuahine, ʻo Johanna, he 20 mau makahiki ma mua o kāna kāne. Ua komo ʻo ia i ke kākau a me kāna hale lole moʻokalaleo.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I ka manawa o 9 mau makahiki o Arthur, ua lawe kona makuakāne iā ia i Palani e kipa aku i kāna mau hoaaloha. Ua noho ke keiki ma kēia ʻāina no 2 makahiki. I kēia manawa, ke aʻo pū nei nā kumu ʻoi loa me ia.
Ma 1799, ua lilo ʻo Schopenhauer i haumāna ma ka hale haʻuki pilikino Runge, kahi i aʻo ʻia ai nā keiki o nā luna kiʻekiʻe. Ma waho aʻe o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kuʻuna, ua aʻo ʻia ka pā, ke pena ʻana ma aneʻi, a me ke mele a me ka hulahula. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i kēlā manawa i kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua maʻalahi ke kanaka ʻōpio i ka ʻōlelo Palani.
I ka makahiki 17, loaʻa iā Arthur kahi hana ma kahi ʻoihana kālepa aia ma Hamburg. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike koke ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻo ke kālepa kāna kumu nui.
ʻIke koke ke kanaka e pili ana i ka make o kona makuakāne, ka mea i piholo i loko o ke kahawai wai ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana mai ka puka aniani. Aia kekahi mau lono ua pepehi kanaka ʻo Schopenhauer Sr. ma muli o ka panakalupa a me nā pilikia olakino.
Ua ʻehaʻeha ʻo Arthur i ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne, a ua waiho mau ʻia i ka manawa pōkole. I 1809 ua hoʻokele ʻo ia e komo i ke keʻena lapaʻau ma ke Kulanui o Göttingen. Ma hope, ua hoʻoholo ka haumāna e hoʻolilo i ka Faculty of Philosophy.
I 1811 Noho ʻo Schopenhauer ma Berlin, kahi i hele pinepine ai i nā haʻiʻōlelo a nā akeakamai ʻo Fichte lāua ʻo Schleiermacher. I ka mua, ua hoʻolohe ʻo ia me ka nānā nui i nā manaʻo o nā mea manaʻo kaulana, akā ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hōʻino wale iā lākou, akā e komo pū kekahi me nā haʻi ʻōlelo.
I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka moʻomeheu ʻo Arthur Schopenhauer e noiʻi hohonu i nā ʻepekema kūlohelohe, e like me ke kelekema, ka astronomia, ka physics a me ka zoology. Ua hele ʻo ia i nā papa ma ka Scandinavian poems, a ua heluhelu pū nō hoʻi i nā palapala o ka Renaissance a ua aʻo ʻia i ka akeakamai medieval.
ʻO ka mea paʻakikī loa no Schopenhauer ke kānāwai a me ka hoʻomana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 1812 ua hāʻawi ke Kulanui o Jena iā ia i ke poʻo o ka Doctor of Philosophy ma absentia.
Palapala
I ka makahiki 1819, ua hōʻike ʻo Arthur Schopenhauer i ka hana nui o kona ola holoʻokoʻa - "The World as Will and Representation." I loko o ia mea, ua wehewehe kikoʻī ʻo ia i kāna ʻike i ke ʻano o ke ola, ka mehameha, ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, etc.
I ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kēia hana, ua huki ka mea akeakamai i ka manaʻo mai ka hana a Epictetus lāua ʻo Kant. Ua hoʻāʻo ka mea kākau e hōʻike i ka mea heluhelu i ka mea nui no ke kanaka ka kūpaʻa o loko a me ka laulima pū me ia iho. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo ke olakino kino o ke kino wale nō ke kumu e loaʻa ai ka hauʻoli.
I ka makahiki 1831 hoʻopuka ʻo Schopenhauer i ka puke "Eristics a i ʻole ka Art of Winning Disputes", i kēia lā ʻaʻole e lilo kona kaulana a me ka hana. Kamaʻilio ka mea noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā ʻenehana e kōkua iā ʻoe e kū lanakila i nā kūkākūkā ʻana me ka interlocutor a i ʻole ka hui o nā poʻe.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wehewehe pono ʻana o ka mea kākau i ka pehea e pono ai, ʻoiai inā hewa ʻoe. Wahi a ia, hiki ke loaʻa ka lanakila ma ka hakakā inā hōʻike pololei ʻia nā ʻike.
I ka hana "Ma nā mea nui ʻole a me nā ʻeha o ke ola" haʻi aku ʻo Arthur i ka noho pio ʻana o ka poʻe i ko lākou mau makemake iho. I kēlā me kēia makahiki e ulu ana kā lākou mau pono, ma ke ʻano he hopena i alakaʻi ʻia i kēlā me kēia hopena i kahi mea hou, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika.
ʻO ka puke "The Metaphysics of Sexual Love" kūpono i ka nānā nui ʻana, ka mea e hōʻike nei i nā manaʻo kūpono o Schopenhauer. Ma waho aʻe o ke aloha moekolohe, nā kumuhana e pili ana i ka make a me kāna ʻike e noʻonoʻo ʻia ma aneʻi.
Ua kākau ʻo Arthur Schopenhauer i nā hana nui, e like me "Ma ka makemake ma ke ʻano", "Ma ke kumu o ka pono" a me "Ma ka makemake manuahi".
Ke ola pilikino
ʻAʻohe helehelena uʻi o Schopenhauer. He pōkole ʻo ia, he ʻāpana kau, a he poʻo kaulike ʻole kona. Ma ke kūlohelohe, he misanthrope ʻo ia, ʻaʻole ʻimi e hoʻomaka i nā kamaʻilio pū me ka wahine ʻē aʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa, kamaʻilio mau ʻo Arthur me nā kaikamahine āna i ʻumeʻume ai me kāna mau ʻōlelo a me nā manaʻo. Eia kekahi, ua pili aloha ʻo ia me nā wahine a ʻoliʻoli i nā leʻaleʻa aloha.
Noho ʻo Schopenhauer i kekelē laepua kahiko. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ke aloha o ke kūʻokoʻa, ka manaʻo kānalua a me ka mālama ʻole i ka maʻalahi o ke ola. Ua hoʻonoho ʻo ia i ke olakino ma mua, āna i ʻōlelo ai ma kāna mau kākau.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua ʻeha ka mea akeakamai i kahi kānalua loa. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻoia iā ia iho e makemake lākou e lāʻau make, ʻaihue a pepehi paha iā ia inā ʻaʻohe kumu kūpono no kēia.
Loaʻa iā Schopenhauer kahi waihona nui ma luna o 1,300 mau puke. A ʻoiai makemake ʻo ia e heluhelu, ua loiloi ʻo ia i ka heluhelu ʻana, ʻoiai ua ʻaiʻē ka mea heluhelu i ka manaʻo o haʻi, a ʻaʻole ia i lawe i ka manaʻo mai kona poʻo.
Ua mālama hōʻino ke kāne i nā "akeakamai" a me nā "ʻepekema" e hana wale nei i ka hana ʻimi ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo ia i ka noʻonoʻo kūʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ma kēia ala wale nō e ulu ai ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he kanaka.
Ua manaʻo ʻo Schopenhauer i ke mele i ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokani pila i kona ola a pau. Ma ke ʻano he polyglot, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka Kelemānia, ʻItalia, Paniolo, Palani, Pelekania, Lākina a me Greek Helene, a he mea mahalo i ka poema a me ka moʻokalaleo. Ua aloha nui ʻo ia i nā hana a Goethe, Petrarch, Calderon a me Shakespeare.
Make
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Schopenhauer e ke olakino phenomenal a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole i maʻi. No laila, i kona hoʻomaka ʻana e loaʻa i kahi puʻuwai wikiwiki a me ka hōʻoluʻolu iki ma hope o ka umauma, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻopili i kekahi mea nui i kēia.
Ua make ʻo Arthur Schopenhauer ma ka lā 21 Kepakemapa 1860 mai ka maʻi ʻaumakua i ka makahiki 72. Ua make ʻo ia e noho ana ma kahi moe ma ka home. ʻAʻole i wehe ʻia kona kino, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea akeakamai, i kona wā e ola ana, ua noi ʻo ia e hana ʻole i kēia.
Nā kiʻi Schopenhauer
