ʻO Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) - he alakaʻi o ka US of Independence War, kekahi o nā mea kākau o ka Declaration of Independence, ka Pelekikena 3 o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (1801-1809), kekahi o nā makua hoʻokumu o kēia mokuʻāina, he kālaiʻāina poʻokela, diplomat a me ka noʻonoʻo.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino a Jefferson, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Thomas Jefferson.
ʻO kā Jefferson moʻolelo pilikino
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Thomas Jefferson ma ka lā 13 ʻApelila 1743 i ke kūlanakauhale o Shadwell, Virginia, a he kolone ia o Pelekane ia manawa.
Ua ulu ʻo ia i kahi ʻohana waiwai nui o ka mea kanu ʻo Peter Jefferson a me kāna wahine ʻo Jane Randolph. ʻO ia ke kolu o nā keiki 8 a kona mau mākua.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
I ka manawa o 9 ka makahiki o ka pelekikena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hele i ke kula o ke kahunapule ʻo William Douglas, kahi i aʻo ʻia ai nā keiki ma ka ʻōlelo Latina, Greek Greek a me Palani. Ma hope o 5 mau makahiki, ua hala kona makuakāne, kahi nona ke kanaka ʻōpio 5,000 mau ʻeka ʻāina a me nā kauā he nui.
Ma ka moʻolelo o 1758-1760. Ua hele ʻo Jefferson i kahi kula pule. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma ke Kulanui o William lāua ʻo Mary, kahi i aʻo ai ʻo ia i ka akeakamai a me ka makemakika.
Ua heluhelu ʻo Thomas i nā hana a Isaac Newton, John Locke a me Francis Bacon, e noʻonoʻo nei iā lākou ka poʻe nui loa i ka mōʻaukala kanaka. Eia hou, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka hoihoi i nā puke kahiko, lawe ʻia e ka hana a Tacitus a me Homer. I ka manawa like ua haku ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani pila.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo Thomas Jefferson kahi lālā o ka hui haumāna malū "The Flat Hat Club". Ua kipa pinepine ʻo ia i ka home o ke kiaʻāina o Virginia, Francis Fauquier. Ma laila ʻo ia i hoʻokani ai i ka violin i mua o ka poʻe kipa a loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike mua o nā waina, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻohiʻohi.
I ka makahiki 19, ua puka ʻo Thomas mai ke koleke me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a aʻo i ke kānāwai, loaʻa ka laikini o kāna loio i 1767.
Kālaiʻāina
Ma hope o 2 mau makahiki ma ke ʻano loio, lilo ʻo Jefferson i lālā no ka Virginia Chamber of Burgers. I ka 1774, ma hope o ke kau inoa ʻana o nā Kanawai kūpono ʻole o ka Pelekikena Pelekane e pili ana i nā kolone, ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi leka i kona poʻe kamaʻāina - "General Survey of the Rights of British America", kahi āna i hōʻike ai i ka makemake o nā kolone no ke aupuni ponoʻī.
Ua hoʻohalahala ākea ʻo Thomas i ka hana a nā luna Pelekania, ka mea i hoʻāla i ke aloha i waena o ko ʻAmelika. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua o ke Kūʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 1775, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻAha Kūkā ʻAmelika.
Ma loko o 2 mau makahiki, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka "Declaration of Independence", i ʻae ʻia ma Iulai 4, 1776 - ka lā kūhelu o ka hānau ʻana o ka lāhui ʻAmelika. I ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua koho ʻia ʻo Thomas Jefferson i Kiaʻāina no Virginia. I ke kakahiaka nui 1780, hana ʻo ia ma Notes ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Virginia.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi no ka kākau ʻana i kēia hana, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Thomas i ke poʻo inoa o kahi ʻepekema encyclopedic. I ka makahiki 1785, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ke kūlana o ka ʻelele US i Palani. I kēia manawa o ka moʻolelo pilikanaka, ua noho ʻo ia ma Champ Elysees a hauʻoli i ka mana i ka nohona.
I ka manawa like, hoʻomau ʻo Jefferson i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kānāwai ʻAmelika. Ua hana ʻo ia i kekahi mau hoʻoponopono i ke Kumukanawai a me ka Bila Kuleana. No 4 mau makahiki i hala ma Palisa, hana nui ʻo ia i mea e hoʻokumu a hoʻomohala ai i nā pilina ma waena o nā mokuʻāina ʻelua.
I kona hoʻi ʻana i ka home, ua koho ʻia ʻo Thomas Jefferson i ke kūlana o ke Kuhina Nui o ka Mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, no laila lilo ke kanaka mua i kū i kēia kūlana.
Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokumu ka mea kālaiʻāina, me James Madison, i ka Democratic Republican Party e kūʻē i ka federalism.
Hōʻike o ke Kūʻokoʻa
Ua kākau ʻia ka Declaration of Independence e 5 mau kāne: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman a me Robert Livingston. Ma ka manawa like, i ka pō o ka paʻi ʻana o ka palapala, ua hana ʻo Thomas iho i kekahi mau hoʻoponopono no ʻelua mau pule a ʻoi paha.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua kau inoa ʻia ka hoʻolaha e nā mea kākau ʻelima a me nā lunamakaʻāinana o 13 mau mea hoʻokele. ʻO ka ʻāpana mua o ka palapala he 3 postulate kaulana - ke kuleana i ke ola, ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka waiwai.
I nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka mana o nā kolone. Eia hou, ʻaʻohe kuleana o Beritania e komo i nā hana kūloko o ka mokuʻāina, e ʻike nei i kona kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea e pīhoihoi ai, ʻo ka Declaration ka palapala luna mua i kapa ʻia nā kolone ʻo "United States of America".
Nānā Kālaiʻāina
Ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Thomas Jefferson e pili ana i ke Kumukānāwai US mua, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia i kikoʻī i ka nui o nā huaʻōlelo pelekikena no hoʻokahi kanaka.
I kēia pili, ua lilo ke poʻo o ka mokuʻāina i mōʻī mōʻī loa. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ka mea kālaiʻāina i kahi weliweli i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻoihana nui. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻo ke kī i ka hoʻokele waiwai ikaika kahi kaiāulu o nā kaiāulu mahiʻai pilikino.
He kuleana ko kēlā me kēia kanaka ʻaʻole wale i ke kūʻokoʻa, akā i ke kuleana e hōʻike i ko lākou manaʻo. Eia nō naʻe, pono i nā kamaʻāina ke komo i ka hoʻonaʻauao manuahi, no ka mea, he mea pono ia no ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāina.
Ua koi ikaika ʻo Jefferson ʻaʻole pono e komo ka hale pule i nā hihia o ka mokuʻāina, akā hana wale ia me kāna mea ponoʻī. Ma hope, e paʻi ʻo ia i kāna ʻike o ke Kauoha Hou, e hōʻike ʻia i nā pelekikena ʻAmelika i ke kenekulia e hiki mai ana.
Ua hoʻohewa ʻo Toma i ke aupuni pekelala. Akā, ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i ke aupuni o kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina e loaʻa kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa mai ke aupuni kikowaena.
Pelekikena o ka U.S.A
Ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i pelekikena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo Thomas Jefferson ka hope pelekikena o ka ʻāina no 4 mau makahiki. Ua lilo i poʻo nui o ka mokuʻāina i ka makahiki 1801, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokō i nā hoʻoponopono hou he nui.
Ma kāna kauoha, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana pāʻina 2-polar o ka ʻAhaʻōlelo, a ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā pūʻali koa, navy a me nā luna. Hoʻolaha aku ʻo Jefferson i ka 4 Pillars o ke kūleʻa waiwai hoʻokele, e like me nā mahiʻai, nā mea kālepa, ʻoihana māmā a me ka hoʻouna ʻana.
I ka makahiki 1803, ua kau inoa ʻia kahi ʻaelike ma ke kūʻai ʻana a US o Louisiana mai Palani no $ 15 miliona. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai aia he 15 mau mokuʻāina i kēia ʻāina. ʻO ka Louisiana Purchase kekahi o nā mea nui i kūleʻa i ka moʻomeheu politika a Thomas Jefferson.
I ka wā o ka pelekikena ʻelua, ua hoʻokumu ke poʻo o ka ʻāina i nā pilina diplomasia me Lūkia. I ka 1807, ua kau inoa ʻo ia i kahi bila e pāpā ana i ka lawe ʻia mai o nā kauā i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻO kā Jefferson wahine wale kāna kaikaina lua ʻo Martha Veils Skelton. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ua kamaʻilio kāna wahine i kekahi mau ʻōlelo, a makemake pū i ka mele, nā mele a me ka hoʻokani piano.
I kēia male, he 6 mau keiki a ka wahine, ʻehā o lākou i make i ka wā ʻōpio. ʻO ka hopena, ua hānai lāua i ʻelua mau kaikamahine - ʻo Mareta lāua ʻo Mary. Ua make ka mea aloha a Thomas i ka makahiki 1782, ma hope iki iho o ka hānau ʻana o kāna keiki hope loa.
Ma ka pō o ko Mareta make ʻana, ua hoʻohiki ʻo Toma iā ia ʻaʻole loa ia e male hou, no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kāna hoʻohiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai e hana ana ma Palani, ua ulu ʻo ia i kahi launa me kahi kaikamahine i kapa ʻia ʻo Maria Cosway.
He mea hoihoi ua launa pū ke kāne me ia no ke koena o kona ola. Eia hou, ma Palisa, ua pili pili ʻo ia me ke kaikamahine kauā ʻo Sally Hemings, ʻo ia ka kaikuahine o kāna wahine i hala.
He kūpono ia e ʻōlelo ʻoiai ma Palani, ua hiki iā Sally ke hele i ka mākaʻi a kūʻokoʻa, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hele. Hōʻike nā mea kākau moʻolelo a Jefferson ʻo ia ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai kahi aloha ma waena o "haku a kauā".
I ka 1998, ua lawe ʻia kahi hōʻike DNA e hōʻike ana ʻo Aston Hemings ke keiki a Thomas Jefferson. A laila, maopopo leʻa, ke koena o nā keiki a Sally Hemins: ʻo Harriet, ʻo Beverly, ʻo Harriet lāua ʻo Madison kāna mau keiki. Akā ke kumu o kēia hihia ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa.
Make
Ua piʻi ʻo Jefferson i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole wale i ka politika wale nō, akā i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ka hana hou a me nā mea hana hale. Ma kahi o 6,500 mau puke i loko o kāna waihona puke ponoʻī.
Ua hala ʻo Thomas Jefferson ma ka lā 4 o Iulai, 1826, ka 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. I kona manawa i make ai, he 83 kona mau makahiki. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kāna kiʻi ma kahi pila 2 kālā a me kahi kālā 5 keneta.
Nā kiʻi ʻo Jefferson
