MAIKAI (pōkole no "Makee wpeonies! ") - ka inoa o nā hui kūʻē kūʻē kūʻokoʻa he nui i ka USSR i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua (1939-1945).
- ʻO ka keʻena counterintelligence nui "Smersh" o ka People's Commissariat of Defense - pūʻali koa counterintelligence, alakaʻi ʻia e Viktor Abakumov. Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia iā Joseph Stalin.
- Counterintelligence Directorate "Smersh" o ka People's Commissariat o ka Navy, alakaʻi ʻia e Lieutenant General Pyotr Gladkov. Hoʻohui ʻia i ka Commissar o ka Lehulehu o ka Fleet Nikolai Kuznetsov.
- ʻO ka ʻaoʻao Counterintelligence "Smersh" o ka People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, poʻo - Semyon Yukhimovich. Hoʻohui ʻia i ka Commissar People's Lavrenty Beria.
Mōʻaukala a me nā hana o Smersh
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao nui counterintelligence "Smersh" o ka People's Commissariat of Defense o ka USSR i hana ʻia ma ʻApelila 19, 1943. I kēlā manawa, ua hōʻeha ʻo Nazi Kelemania i kahi fiasco i loko o ke kaua kaao o Stalingrad. ʻO ia ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia ka hana i ke kaua i ka Pūʻali Koa.
I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe Kelemania e huli i nā ʻano hana hou o ka hakakā. Hoʻomaka ka Nazis e nānā nui i ka reconnaissance a me nā hana sabotage i ka hope Soviet. Pono nā limahana Smersh e kū i kēia hoʻoweliweli.
Na ka hoʻoholo a ke Kōmike Pale Kaua Mokuʻāina, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo SMERSH ma o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ke keʻena o nā keʻena kūikawā o ka NKVD. ʻO ke alakaʻi koke o "Smersh" ma lalo wale nō o ka People Commissar of Defense Stalin. No laila, ma ka pae kūloko, ʻo nā kino Smersh ma lalo wale nō o kā lākou poʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Mahalo i kēlā ʻōnaehana, ua hiki i ka Soviet counterintelligence ke hoʻokō i nā hana i ka manawa pōkole loa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i kaomi ʻia e nā luna kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe.
Kūʻē i nā kiu a me nā kumakaia
Ua like nā hana SMERSH me kēia:
- kaua i ka espionage, sabotage, ka mea hoʻoweliweli a me nā hana subversive ʻē aʻe o nā lawelawe ʻike haole;
- hōʻoia o ka pūʻali koa a me nā lehulehu i hopu ʻia a hoʻopuni ʻia e ka ʻenemi;
- ke kaua e kūʻē i nā mea anti-Soviet i komo i loko o nā ʻāpana a me ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka Pūʻali Koa;
- kaohi o ka laina mua holoʻokoʻa i mea e impenetrable ai no nā kiu a me nā anti-Soviet;
- ka hakakā me ka poʻe kumakaia i ka homeland i ke kūlana o ka Pūʻali Koa (ke alu like, espionage, kōkua i ka ʻenemi);
- ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana kūikawā;
- ka hakakā ʻana i ka haʻalele ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana iā ʻoe iho i mua.
Ma muli o ke kānāwai martial, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻaoʻao SMERSH me nā mana nui. Ua hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i nā palapala a me ke kuleana e ʻimi ai, nīnauele a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kekahi kanaka kānalua. Ua koho ʻia ʻo General Viktor Abakumov i poʻo no Smersh.
No ka manawa mua "Smersh" hōʻike i nā mea nui i ka wā o ke Kaua o Kursk. ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe Kelemania ke ʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻolālā o ke keʻena nui o ke Keʻena Kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻemi nui nā hana sabotage ma hope o ka Red Army.
Kāleka Abwehr haki
ʻO ka Abwehr kahi pūʻali koa kūʻē pūʻali koa o ka Third Reich. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1943, he mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā Nazis e hoʻoili ʻia i ka Soviet hope ma kahi o 200 mau kula ʻike Kelemania. Eia nō naʻe, mahalo i nā hana ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe loa o SMERSH, ʻaʻole hiki i nā Kelemania ke hoʻohuli koʻikoʻi i ke ʻano o ke kaua.
I ka makahiki 1943 like, ua hoʻolālā ka Nazis e hoʻoili i kahi kaua kīwila nui loa ma Kalmykia, North Caucasus, Kazakhstan a me Crimea. Ua manaʻo nā limahana Abwehr, me ke kōkua o nā kamaʻāina kūloko, e hou i ka Soviet Union ma hope.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka wā o ke kaua, kaua aku nā kaukani Crimean Tatars, Chechens, Kalmyks a me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe i ka Red Army. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hui hou nā kēpau pākahi i hoʻokahi pūʻali koa i hōʻoia ʻia e nā pūʻali Smersh.
Ua ʻimi pinepine ʻo Soviet counterintelligence i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pāʻani lekiō" - ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻike wahaheʻe me ka wahaheʻe i ka ʻenemi me ke kōkua o nā ʻākena i paʻa. I loko o nā makahiki kaua, ua mālama ʻia nā pāʻani lekiō he 186, a aneane pau loa ka papani ʻana i ke kiʻi ʻana o ka Nazis i ka ʻike pili.
Kānana SMERSH
ʻO nā mōʻaukala, e wehewehe nei i nā hana a SMERSH ma ke ʻano he kino hoʻopaʻi a hoʻomāinoino, hoʻokūkū i ka "kānana" o nā pio o ke kaua ma mua. I loko o kēlā mau hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ua hana hewa nā luna i nā paʻahao, a hoʻouna iā lākou i nā kahua hoʻomoana kaulana.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pololei kēia. Hele ia me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā hana a nā luna counterintelligence i kēlā me kēia manawa he "hewa", akā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke hana me ka ʻole. Pono lākou e nānā pono i kēlā me kēia paʻahao, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi o lākou ke lilo i deserter hiki, a no laila he kumakaia i ko lākou ʻāina hānau.
Nui nā hihia i ʻike ʻia i ka wā i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai nā pio o ke kaua i ko lākou kūlana, a hāʻawi pū iā lākou me ke kōkua olakino a me nā mea pono. Ma ka manawa like, hiki i nā limahana Smersh ke loaʻa pinepine i ka hōʻike he kiu kēia a ʻo ua pio lā.
I ka manawa like, ʻoiai ke ʻike ʻia nā mea kumakaia, ʻaʻole hoʻonohonoho nā luna kuʻikahi i ka lynch, akā hāʻawi iā lākou i nā mea noiʻi no ka hoʻokolokolo hou. ʻ saylelo nā helu helu kumumanaʻo ka hapa nui o nā kamaʻāina Soviet i "kānana ʻia" ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia a hoʻomāinoino ʻia paha.
Palekana ia e ʻōlelo ʻaʻole komo ʻo SMERSH i loko o ka hoʻomalu politika kālele ʻia, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ua hana hewa ʻia i alakaʻi ʻia ai i kahi pio a make paha o nā paʻahao.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo pōkole
I ka wā o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui (1941-1945) "Smersh" hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi o 30,000 mau ʻenemi, ma mua o 3,500 saboteurs a me 6,000 poʻe hoʻoweliweli. Ma kahi o 3,000 mau agena i hana ma hope o nā laina ʻenemi.
Ua make ma mua o 6,000 mau luna counterintelligence i nā kaua a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā mikiona kūikawā. Ma 1946 SMERSH i lilo i ʻāpana o ka Ministry of Security Security ma ke ʻano he 3th Main Directorate.
Nui nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā serial e pili ana i nā hanana maoli i kiʻi ʻia e pili ana i nā hana o Smersh. I kēia lā, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ʻia nei i waena o nā mōʻaukala e pili ana i nā hana o kēia hoʻokumu. Hoʻopiʻi kekahi i nā ʻākela counterintelligence no ka hoʻomāinoino kūpono ʻole, ʻoiai e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana kekahi i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē.
