ʻO Cesare (Kaisara) Borgia (pōpoki. ʻO Cesar de Borja y Catanei, isp. ʻO Cesare Borgia; OK. 1475-1507) - luna politika ʻo Renaissance. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hana i kāna mokuʻāina ponoʻī ma waena o Italia ma lalo o ka malu o ka Holy See, i noho ʻia e kona makuakāne, ʻo Pope Alexander VI.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Cesare Borgia, a mākou e haʻi ai e pili ana i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o ka Borgia.
Kawaihae o Cesare Borgia
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Cesare Borgia ma 1475 (e like me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe i 1474 a i ʻole 1476) ma Roma. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke keiki a Cardinal Rodrigo de Borgia, ka mea i lilo ma hope ʻo Pope Alexander VI. ʻO kona makuahine ka haku wahine a kona makuakāne i kapa ʻia ʻo Vanozza dei Cattanei.
Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Cesare mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai no kahi ʻoihana ʻuhane. I ka makahiki 1491 ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ka kūlana o ka luna o ka pīhopa ma ke kapikala o Navarre, a i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ʻo ia i ke kūlana o ka Archb Bishop o Valencia, e hāʻawi ana iā ia me ka loaʻa kālā hou mai nā hale pule ʻē aʻe.
I ka wā i lilo ai kona makuakāne i Pope ma 1493, ua lilo ka ʻōpio Cesare i diakona Cardinal, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i kekahi mau dioceses hou. I loko o kēia wā o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua aʻo ʻo Borgia i ke kānāwai a me ka hoʻomana i nā ʻoihana maikaʻi loa o ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka hopena, ua lilo ʻo Cesare i mea kākau o kekahi o nā dissertations maikaʻi loa ma ka jurisprudence. ʻAʻole i ala ka hoʻomana i ka hoihoi i ke kanaka, nāna i makemake iā ia i kahi ola honua a me ka naʻi aupuni.
Ke keiki a Pope
I ka makahiki 1497, ua make ke kaikuaʻana o Borgia, ʻo Giovanni, ma lalo o ke ʻano maopopo ʻole. Pepehi ʻia ʻo ia me kahi pahi, ʻoiai mau kāna ʻona ponoʻī āpau. Wahi a kekahi mau biographers ʻo Cesare ka mea i pepehi iā Giovanni, akā ʻaʻohe mea a nā mōʻaukala e hōʻike ai i kēlā ʻōlelo.
I ka makahiki aʻe, ua haʻalele ʻo Cesare Borgia i kāna ʻoihana kahuna, ʻo ia ka manawa mua ma ka moʻolelo o ka Ekalesia Katolika. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua ʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho he koa a me ka politika.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ke kiʻi o Borgia ka mōʻī Roma kaulana a me ka luna koa ʻo Gaius Julius Kaisara. Aia ma ka palekaua o ke kahuna mua ka palapala penei: "Kaisara a me ka ʻole."
I kēlā au, ua hoʻoili ʻia nā kaua Italia ma nā ʻāina feudal like ʻole. Ua koi ʻia kēia mau ʻāina e ka poʻe Palani a me nā Paniolo, ʻoiai ka ʻaoʻao o ka pontiff e ʻimi nei e hoʻohui i kēia mau ʻāpana, e lawe ana iā lākou ma lalo o kāna mana.
Ma hope o ke kākoʻo ʻana o ka mōʻī Palani ʻo Louis XII (mahalo i ka ʻae a ka Pope e hemo a kōkua i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i ka pūʻali koa) ua hele ʻo Cesare Borgia i kahi hoʻouka kaua e kūʻē i nā wahi ma Romagna. Ma ka manawa like, pāpā ka luna hanohano i ka ʻaihue ʻana i kēlā mau kūlanakauhale i kū ʻole i kā lākou makemake kūʻokoʻa.
Ma 1500, noho ʻo Cesare i nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Imola a me Forlì. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa pope, me ka hoʻomau ʻana e eo i ka ʻenemi. Ua hakakā ke makuakāne maʻalea a me kāna keikikāne i nā kaua, me ke kāhea ʻana i ke kākoʻo o ke kaua ʻo Palani a me Sepania.
I ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lanakila ka Borgia i ka ʻāpana nui o nā mokuʻāina Papal, e hui hou ana i nā ʻāina kūlike ʻole. ʻO kāna hoaloha aloha ʻo Micheletto Corella, ka mea i kūlana maikaʻi loa me he mea alualu lā me kona haku, me ia mau nō.
Ua hāʻawi ʻo Cesare iā Corellia me nā hana like ʻole a koʻikoʻi hoʻi, āna i hoʻāʻo ai me kona ikaika āpau e hoʻokō. Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ua hewa ka mea make i ka pepehi kanaka o ka wahine 2 a Lucrezia Borgia - Alfonso o Aragon.
He mea pīhoihoi i ʻōlelo ʻia e kekahi poʻe o ka wā e pono ana ke kālā, ua ʻona ʻo Borgia ʻelua i nā cardinal waiwai, a ʻo kā lākou waiwai ma hope o ko lākou make ʻana i hoʻi aku ai i ka waihona kālā o ka pope.
ʻO Niccolo Machiavelli lāua ʻo Leonardo da Vinci, he ʻenekinia i loko o kāna pūʻali koa, i kamaʻilio maikaʻi e pili ana iā Cesar Borgia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi koa. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā lanakila lanakila e kahi maʻi nui o ka makuakāne a me kāna keiki. Ma hope o kahi pāʻina ma kekahi o nā cardinals, ua loaʻa ʻo Borgia i ka fiva, me ka luaʻi.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻAʻole hoʻokahi kiʻi i pūlima ʻia ʻo Cesare i ola a hiki i kēia lā, no laila ke ʻano tentative o kāna mau kiʻi hou. ʻAʻole maopopo ʻia ke ʻano o kona ʻano.
I kekahi mau palapala, hōʻike ʻia ʻo Borgia ma ke ʻano he kāne ʻoiaʻiʻo a hanohano, ʻoiai ma nā mea ʻē aʻe - he kanaka hoʻokamani a me ke koko. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he aloha aloha kāna me nā kaikamahine a me nā kāne. Eia kekahi, ua kamaʻilio pū lākou e pili ana i kona pili loa me kona kaikuahine ponoʻī ʻo Lucretia.
ʻIke maoli ʻia ʻo ka punahele a ka luna koa ʻo Sanchia, ka wahine a kona kaikaina ʻo Jofredo he 15 ona makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, he kaikamahine hou kāna wahine kūleʻa, ʻoiai i kēlā manawa ʻo ka male ma waena o nā luna kiʻekiʻe i hoʻoholo nui ʻole ʻia no ke aloha no nā kumu politika.
Ua makemake ʻo Borgia Sr. e male i kāna keiki kāne ʻo ke kamāliʻiwahine Neapolitan ʻo Carlotta o Aragon, ka mea i hōʻole e male iā Cesare. I ka 1499, ua male ke kāne i ke kaikamahine a ke Duke, ʻo Charlotte.
Ma hope o 4 mau mahina, ua hele ʻo Borgia e kaua i Italia a mai ia manawa ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike iā Charlotte a me ke kaikamahine hānau hou ʻo Louise, ʻo ia kāna keiki kūpono.
Aia kekahi mana i ka manawa ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana mai mai Palani, ua hoʻomake ʻo Cesare iā Catherine Sforza, nāna i pale aku i ka hale paʻa Forlī. Ma hope mai, ua hopu nui ʻia ka wahine a ke alakaʻi pūʻali koa ʻo Gianbattista Caracciolo, ʻo Dorothea ka inoa.
I kona wā e ola ana, ua ʻike ʻo Borgia i nā keiki ʻelua ʻole - ke keiki kāne a Girolamo a me ke kaikamahine a Camilla. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia, ua makua, ua hoʻohiki ʻo Camilla. ʻO ka moe kolohe ʻole i alakaʻi ʻia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua maʻi ʻo Cesare me ka syphilis.
Make
Ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana me ka syphilis a me ka make koke o kona makuakāne ma 1503, e make ana ʻo Cesare Borgia. Ma hope ua hele aku ʻo ia me kāna mau hoapili pili loa iā Navarre, ʻo ka luna o ke kaikaina o kāna wahine ʻo Charlotte.
Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻohana, ua hāʻawi ʻia ke kanaka i alakaʻi no ka pūʻali koa Navarre. I ka alualu ʻana i ka ʻenemi ma Malaki 12, 1507, ua hoʻohālua ʻia a make ʻo Cesare Borgia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo i ke ʻano o kona make ʻana.
Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka, ka nalowale o ke kumu no ka holomua o ka syphilis a me ka pepehi kanaka ʻaelike. Ua kanu ʻia ke alakaʻi i ka hale pule o ka Virgin Mary i Viana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa 1523-1608. ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kona kino mai ka lua kupapaʻu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia kahi lawehala e noho ana ma kahi kapu.
I ka makahiki 1945, ua wehe hūnā ʻia ke kahua reburial o ka Borgia. ʻOiai nā noi a nā kamaʻāina kūloko, hōʻole ka pīhopa e kanu i nā koena i loko o ka hale pule, ma muli o ka hopena i loaʻa i ka luna koa ka maluhia ma kona paia. Ma ka 2007 wale nō i hāʻawi aku ai ka Archbishop o Pamplona i kāna hoʻomaikaʻi e hoʻoneʻe i ke koena i ka hale pule.
Na Cesare Borgia kiʻi
