ʻO Albert Camus (1913-1960) - Palani kākau moʻo'ōlelo, akeakamai, mea kākau moʻolelo a me ka lehulehu, kokoke i ka existentialism. I kona wā e ola ana ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa maʻamau "Conshiens of the West". Laureate o ka Nobel Prize in Literature (1957).
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Albert Camus, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Camus.
Kamaʻāina o Albert Camus
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Albert Camus ma Nowemapa 7, 1913 ma Algeria, ʻo ia kekahi ʻāpana o Palani. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o ke kahu o ka hui waina ʻo Lucien Camus a me kāna wahine ʻo Coutrin Sante, kahi wahine heluhelu ʻole. He kaikuaʻana kāna, ʻo Lucien.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
ʻO ka pōʻino mua ma ka moʻolelo pilikino o Albert Camus i kū i ka wā kamaliʻi, i ka wā i make ai kona makuakāne mai kahi ʻeha make i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua Mua (1914-1918).
ʻO ka hopena, ua mālama ka makuahine i kāna mau keikikāne wale nō. I ka mua, ua hana ka wahine i kahi hale hana, a ma hope ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ua loaʻa i ka ʻohana nā pilikia koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, nele pinepine i nā mea pono.
I ka makahiki ʻelima o Albert Camus, ua hele ʻo ia i ke kula haʻahaʻa, ua puka ʻo ia me nā hanohano i ka makahiki 1923. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole hoʻomau nā keiki o ia hanauna i ke aʻo ʻana. Akā, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hana e kōkua i ko lākou mau mākua.
Eia naʻe, ua hiki i ke kumu kula ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka makuahine o Albert e hoʻomau ke keiki i kāna aʻo ʻana. Eia kekahi, ua kōkua ʻo ia iā ia e komo i ka Lyceum a hoʻopaʻa i kahi haumana. I loko o kēia wā o kona moʻomeheu, ua heluhelu nui ke kanaka ʻōpio a makemake i ka pāʻani, e pāʻani ana no ka kime kūloko.
I ka makahiki 17, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Camus me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua pono ʻo ia e hoʻopau i kāna aʻo ʻana a "haʻalele" me nā haʻuki. A ʻoiai ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka maʻi, ua ʻeha ʻo ia i nā hopena no nā makahiki he nui.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma muli o ke olakino olakino, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Albert mai ka ʻoihana koa. I ke kau waena o 30, ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke kulanui, kahi āna i aʻo ai i ka akeakamai. I kēlā manawa, ua mālama ʻo ia i nā diaries a me nā kākau moʻolelo.
Ka hana a me ka akeakamai
Ma 1936, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Albert Camus i kekelē laeoʻo ma ka akeakamai. Ua hoihoi nui ʻo ia i ka pilikia o ke ʻano o ke ola, āna i hōʻike ai ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā manaʻo o Hellenism a me ka hoʻomana Kalikiano.
I ka manawa like, ua kamaʻilio ʻo Camus e pili ana i nā pilikia o ka existentialism - kahi ʻano i ke akeakamai o ke kenekulia XX, e kia ana i kona nānā i ka hiʻohiona o ke ola kanaka.
ʻO kekahi o kā Albert mau hana i hoʻopuka mua ʻia ʻo The Inside Out and the Face and The Wedding Feast. I ka hana hope loa, ua nānā ʻia ka manaʻo o ke ola kanaka a me kāna mau hauʻoli. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomohala ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o ka absurdism, nāna e hōʻike ai i nā kuʻikahi he nui.
Ma ka lapuwale, ua manaʻo ʻo Camus i ka hakahaka ma waena o ka hana ʻana a ke kanaka no ka pono a me ka honua, i hiki iā ia ke ʻike me ke kōkua o ke kumu a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a he ʻano huikau a noʻonoʻo ʻole hoʻi ia.
ʻO ka pae o ka manaʻo i puka mai ka mua: koi ʻole ʻia ke kanaka e ʻae wale i ke ao hūpō, akā e "kipi" iā ia e pili ana i nā loina kuʻuna.
I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua (1939-1945), ua hoʻomau ʻo Albert Camus i ka hana kākau ʻana, a komo pū i nā neʻe anti-fascist. I loko o kēia manawa ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kākau o ka puke "The Plague", ka moʻolelo "The Stranger" a me ka moʻolelo akeakamai "Theth of Sisyphus."
I ka Myth of Sisyphus, hāpai hou ka mea kākau i ke kumuhana o ke ʻano o ka lapuwale o ke ola. ʻO ka meʻe o ka puke, ʻo Sisyphus, i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka mau loa, ʻolokaʻa i kahi pōhaku kaumaha i uka pono e ʻōwili hou ai i lalo.
I nā makahiki postwar, ua hana ʻo Camus ma ke ʻano he mea kākau moʻolelo kūʻokoʻa, kākau i nā pāʻani, a hana pū me nā anarchists a me syndicalists. I nā makahiki 1950 mua, ua paʻi ʻo ia The Rebel Man, kahi i kālailai ai ʻo ia i ke kipi o ke kanaka i ka absurdity o ke ola.
ʻO nā hoa hana o Albert, me Jean-Paul Sartre, i hōʻino koke iā ia no ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kaiāulu Palani ma Algeria ma hope o ke kaua 1954 Algerian.
Ua ukali loa ʻo Camus i ke kūlana politika ma ʻEulopa. Ua huhū loa ʻo ia i ka ulu ʻana o ka manaʻo pro-Soviet ma Palani. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e lilo i mea hoihoi a nui hou aʻe i ka hoihoi i nā hana keaka, e pili ana me kāna kākau ʻana i nā keaka hou.
Ma 1957, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Albert Camus i ka Nobel Prize in Literature "no kāna hāʻawi nui i nā puke, e hōʻike ana i ka mea nui o ka lunamanaʻo kanaka." ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ʻoiai ua manaʻo ka poʻe āpau iā ia he akeakamai a me ka mea ola, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kāhea iā ia iho.
Ua manaʻo ʻo Albert i ka hōʻike kiʻekiʻe loa o ka absurdity - ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaiāulu me ke kōkua o kekahi a i ʻole kekahi aupuni. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo ke kaua ʻana i ka hana ʻino a me ka pono ʻole "e kā lākou hana ponoʻī" e alakaʻi aku ai i ka hana ʻino a me ka pono ʻole.
A hiki i ka hopena o kona ola, ua maopopo ʻo Camus ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻopau hope loa i ka ʻino. He pīhoihoi ia ʻoiai ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana o atheistic existentialism, ʻo ia ʻano wehewehe ʻana he ʻano kūpono ʻole ia.
Kupanaha, akā ʻo ia iho, me ka hoʻomaloka ʻole i ke Akua, ua haʻi i ka makehewa o ke ola ke ʻole ke Akua. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole i kāhea ka Palani a ʻaʻole manaʻo iā ia iho he atheist.
Ke ola pilikino
I ka piha ʻana o 21 mau makahiki o Albert, ua male ʻo ia iā Simone Iye, kahi āna i noho ai ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki. Ma hope o kēlā, ua male ʻo ia i ka makemakika ʻo Francine Faure. I kēia hui ʻana, he māhoe kā lāua lāua ʻo Catherine lāua ʻo Jean.
Make
Ua make ʻo Albert Camus ma Ianuali 4, 1960 ma kahi ulia kaʻa. ʻO ke kaʻa, ʻo ia me ka ʻohana o kāna hoaaloha, lele akula ma ke ala nui a hāʻule i kahi lāʻau.
Ua make koke ka mea kākau. I kona manawa i make ai, he 46 kona mau makahiki. Aia kekahi mana i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka ulia kaʻa e nā hana a nā lawelawe kūikawā Soviet, e like me ka hoʻopaʻi no ka mea ʻo ka Farani i hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻouka kaua Soviet a Hungary.
Nā Kiʻi Camus
