ʻO ka pā kaua Genoese kahi mea hoihoi loa o Sudak, aia ma ka penikala Crimean ma ka Puʻu Fortress. ʻO ia kahi hale paʻa i kūkulu ʻia i ka kenekulia 7. I ka wā kahiko, he laina pale ia no nā ʻohana a me nā mokuʻāina he nui, a i ke kenekulia 19 ua lilo ia i hale hōʻikeʻike. Mahalo i ka hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa i mālama ʻia, nui nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i paʻi ʻia ma aneʻi, e laʻa me Othello (1955), Pirates o ke kenekulia XX (1979), The Master and Margarita (2005). I kēia lā he mau haneli mau malihini i hele mai i Sudak e ʻoluʻolu i ka nani o kēia hale.
ʻO ka pā kaua Genoese: ka mōʻaukala a me nā mea hoihoi
Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ua ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 212, i kūkulu ʻia e nā ʻohana kaua o ka ʻAlana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻepekema e pili ana i kēia manawa ke kūkulu ʻana o ka hanana i ka kenekulia 7 a manaʻo lākou na Byzantines a i ʻole nā Khazars i hana. I nā kenekulia ʻokoʻa, ʻona ia e nā lāhui like ʻole: Polovtsy, Turks a, ʻoiai, nā kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Genoa - kāhea ʻia ka hale paʻa i ko lākou hanohano.
Ma waho, he ʻelua mau laina pale o ke ʻano - kūloko a me waho. ʻO ka waho he 14 mau hale kiaʻi a me kahi puka nui. ʻO nā hale kiaʻi ma kahi o 15 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea i lawe i ka inoa o kahi ʻākela mai Genoa. ʻO ka hale kī o kēia laina ka hale kākela o St. Keʻa.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā paia o ka laina mua he 6-8 mika, ʻo ka mānoanoa he 2 mika. Ua manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano o kekahi o nā pale nui loa ma ka Hikina ʻEulopa. He ʻehā hale kiaʻi a me ʻelua mau hale aliʻi ka laina o loko - ka Consular a me St. ʻIlya. Ma hope o ka laina ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Soldaya, kūkulu ʻia i nā kuʻuna maikaʻi loa o nā kaona medieval.
ʻAʻole noho lōʻihi ka poʻe Genoese ma aneʻi. I ka 1475, ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lawe nā Turks i ka pā kaua Genoese, ua haʻalele ka lehulehu i ke kūlanakauhale, a ua kū maoli ke ola ma aneʻi. Me ka hoʻohui ʻāina o Crimea i ka Lūkini Aupuni, ua hoʻoholo nā luna ʻaʻole e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka hale. Ma lalo wale nō o Alexander II, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hale paʻa i ka Odessa Society of History and Antiquities, a ma hope iho ua hoʻolilo ʻia ka hale i hale hōʻikeʻike.
I loko o ka Papu Genoese
Ma waho aʻe o kona helehelena nui, hoihoi pū ka puʻukū Genoese no kāna kūkulu kūloko. ʻO ka puka i ka hale hōʻikeʻike ma o ka puka nui. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i aneʻi ʻo ka barbicana, kahi paepae lio ma ke alo o ka puka pā. ʻO ka hoihoi hoʻi ke alahaka nui e alakaʻi ana i ka puka.
Ma kahi ʻona ma mua o 30 hectares i ola: nā hale i waho, nā waihona, nā lua wai, kahi mosque, nā luakini. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea hoihoi i ka pā kaua kona mau hale kiaʻi. Ma loko, e hōʻike ʻia nā mea kipa i nā ʻano hale like ʻole, ʻo ka mea kahiko loa o ka Maiden Tower, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka pā kaua Genoese (160 mau mika).
ʻO Sentinel kona inoa lua (hōʻike i kāna kumu). Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hale kiaʻi hikina a me komohana, i kapa ʻia ma hope o nā kanikela mai Genoa, hoihoi e kipa aku. He mea waiwai nō hoʻi ia e nānā i ka ipuhao i hoʻohenehene ʻia me ka wehe ʻana o ke ʻano pua, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ke kanikela.
ʻAʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻole i nā hale aliʻi i loko o ka pā kaua Genoese. ʻO ka Castle Consular ka mea nui loa - aia ke poʻo o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o kēia hale inā pilikia. ʻO ia ka hale kiaʻi kiʻekiʻe loa ma ke kūlanakauhale, i kapa ʻole ʻia ka donjon a hoʻopuni ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao āpau e nā hale kiaʻi liʻiliʻi.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa a ma kahi ʻāpana o kahi huakaʻi. No ka poʻe makemake ʻole e hele wāwae a puni ka ʻāina hoʻohiwahiwa, hāʻawi nā alakaʻi i kahi moʻolelo leʻaleʻa e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka hale. Liʻiliʻi ke kumukūʻai o kahi likiki no kahi mākaʻikaʻi - 50 rubles, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hui i kēlā me kēia hapalua hola, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi he 40 mau minuke. ʻAʻole komo i kahi kipa i nā wahi neoneo, akā he hale hōʻikeʻike liʻiliʻi hoʻi i loko o nā hale i mālama pono ʻia. I loko o ka "Luakini me kahi arcade" aia kahi hōʻike e haʻi ana e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka pā kaua Genoese, a me kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ke kaua me nā Nazis.
I ka wā o kahi huakaʻi a i ʻole ke nānā manuahi, e ʻike pono e kipa i ka papa nānā ma kahi kokoke i ka mosque. Mai aneʻi kahi ʻike panorama o nā wahi nani o ka hale kiaʻi, o ka Sudak e wehe. Eia ka manawa kūpono e kiʻi ai i nā kiʻi kupaianaha.
Festival "Naita Helmet"
Mai ka 2001, ua kūkulu hou ʻia nā hoʻokūkū naita i loko o ka puʻuwai o ka pā kaua Genoese. He hapa ka hapa nui o lākou a hana ʻia no ka leʻaleʻa o nā malihini hale hōʻikeʻike. Eia nō naʻe, mālama ʻia ka hoʻolauleʻa honua "Knight's Helmet" i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma aneʻi, kahi hana lole, kahi e hana hou ʻia ai ka mōʻaukala o nā hoʻokūkū medieval. I kēlā me kēia makahiki hele mai nā mākaʻikaʻi i Sudak e kiʻi i kēia ʻaha.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻokoʻa ʻia ma ke kumukūʻai ʻo "Knight's Helmet" no ka huakaʻi, nā tikika i nā hale hōʻikeʻike, hoʻonui nā huahana hoʻomanaʻo i nā manawa he nui. Ma 2017, mālama ʻia ka ʻaha ma ka hopena o Iulai i kēlā me kēia hopena pule a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokūkū ponoʻī, i kēia mau lā aia kahi hōʻike-hōʻikeʻike "Kulanui o nā Hana Lima", kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā huahana homemade o nā mea hana lima hou - nā huahana mai nā ʻano mea like ʻole, mai ka wahie a i ka hao.
Ma waho aʻe o ka mahiole Naita, he nui nā hoʻokūkū, nā hana mōʻaukala a me nā hanana ʻē aʻe i mālama ʻia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi o nā hoʻolauleʻa ma ka pūnaewele kūhelu o ka hale hōʻikeʻike.
ʻike laulā
Ma ka ʻāpana hope loa o ka ʻatikala, pono e ʻōlelo i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo maʻamau, e pane ana i nā nīnau nui e pili ana i ka kipa ʻana i ka pā kaua Genoese.
Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā i ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Prague.
Ma hea ia? Aia ka mea nui o Sudak i st. ʻO ka pā kaua ʻo Genoa, 1 ma ka palena komohana o ke kūlanakauhale. Coordinates: 44 ° 50′30 ″ N (44.84176), 34 ° 57′30 ″ E (34.95835).
Pehea e hiki ai i laila? Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele mai i ka halihali lehulehu mai ke kikowaena o Sudak - no kēia mea pono ʻoe e hele i ke ala # 1 a i ʻole # 5, e haʻalele ma ke keʻena ʻo Uyutnoye, a laila hele wāwae no kekahi mau minuke. E holo ke ala ma nā ala ākea, e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka lewa o ke kūlanakauhale medieval. Ma ke kaʻa ponoʻī, pono ʻoe e hele ma ke Alanui Turist, e holo ana i loko o ka ʻO Genoese Fortress. Aia kahi kaʻa kūpono ma kahi kokoke i ka hale hōʻikeʻike.
ʻO nā hola wehe a me ke kumukūʻai o ka hele. He ʻokoʻa ka hale hōʻikeʻike i nā manawa wehe a me nā kumukūʻai komo e like me ke kau. Ma ke kau kiʻekiʻe (Mei-Kepakemapa), hoʻokipa ka hale i nā malihini mai 8:00 a 20:00, mai ʻOkakopa a ʻApelila, wehe ka hale hōʻikeʻike mai 9:00 a 17:00. Palapala komo - 150 rubles no nā mākua, 75 rubles no nā mea kōkua, ʻo nā keiki ma lalo o 16 e komo manuahi. Aia ke kumukūʻai i ka huakaʻi o ka pā Genoese wale nō. ʻO nā huakaʻi, nā hōʻikeʻike hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā mea leʻaleʻa ʻē aʻe e uku ʻokoʻa ʻia, akā he kumukūʻai nā lawelawe hou aku.
Ma hea e noho ai? No ka poʻe e ʻumeʻume ʻia e ka hale paʻa a makemake nui e noʻonoʻo iā ia no kekahi mau lā, e lilo ka nīnau no ke koho ʻana i kahi hōkele. Ma nā wahi kokoke loa aia nā hōkele like ʻole, nā hale hoʻokipa, nā hōkele a me nā hōkele mini no kēlā me kēia ʻono a me nā kālā. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana i kahi lumi, akā i ke kau kiʻekiʻe, keu hoʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻolauleʻa, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka lumi ma mua.
