ʻO ka mauna kaulana ʻo Rushmore kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo aupuni aia ma South Dakota, kahi i kālai ʻia ai nā alo o ʻehā mau pelekikena ʻo US: Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson.
Ua hana nui kēlā me kēia o lākou i ka holomua o ʻAmelika, no laila ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kūkulu i kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka pōhaku i kā lākou hanohano. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike nā mea āpau i kahi kiʻi o kēia hana noʻeau o nā hana noʻeau a i noʻonoʻo ʻia paha i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. Hele mai iā ia i 2 makahiki mau mākaʻikaʻi e nānā i ka hōʻailona kū hoʻokahi o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Kūkulu ʻo Mount Rushmore Memorial
Hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻana o ka monument i 1927 me ke kākoʻo o kahi mea kālepa waiwai ʻo Charles Rushmore, nāna i hoʻokaʻawale $ 5,000 - i kēlā manawa he nui ke kālā. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kapa ʻia ka mauna i kona hanohano no kona manawaleʻa.
Inā ʻoe e haʻohaʻo nei i ka mea e kūkulu nei i ka hale hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ia nō ka mea kālai kiʻi ʻAmelika ʻo John Gutzon Borglum. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka manaʻo maoli e kūkulu i nā bas-reliefs o 4 mau pelekikena na John Robinson, ka mea i makemake mua i nā helehelena o nā paniolo a me nā Indians ma ka mauna, akā ua hiki iā Borglum ke hoʻohuli iā ia e hōʻike i nā pelekikena. Ua pau ka hana kūkulu i 1941.
Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā i ka mauna Ararat.
I kēlā me kēia lā, piʻi nā limahana i 506 mau piʻi e piʻi ai ka mauna. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea pahū e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana pōhaku nunui. I ka wā o ka hana, ma kahi o 360,000 mau tona o nā pōhaku i kāʻili ʻia. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā poʻo ponoʻī me nā jackhammers.
Lawe ʻia nā limahana 400 he 14 mau makahiki e hōʻike i nā poʻo 4 ma ka mauna Rushmore, nona ka lōʻihi he 18 mika, a ʻo ka nui o ka wahi o ka kia hoʻomanaʻo i hiki i 517 hectares. He kaumaha loa no ka hiki ʻole i ka mea kālai kiʻi ke ʻike i ka mana hope loa o kāna hana ʻana me kona mau maka ponoʻī, ʻoiai ua make koke ʻo ia ma mua, a ua hoʻopau kāna keiki i ke kūkulu.
No ke aha pololei kēia mau pelekikena?
ʻO ka mea kālai kiʻi ʻo Gutzon Borglum, e hana ana i ka kia hoʻomanaʻo, "hoʻomoe" i kahi manaʻo hohonu i loko ona - makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomanaʻo i nā poʻe i nā lula koʻikoʻi, me ka ʻole o kekahi lāhui lāhui i hiki ke noho. ʻO kēia mau lula a me nā loina i alakaʻi ʻia i ko lākou manawa e nā luna o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka mauna.
ʻO Thomas Jefferson ka mea nāna i hana i ka Declaration of Independence. Ua make ʻole ʻo George Wakinekona no ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ke kaiāulu kanaka a kemokalaka. Ua hoʻopau ʻo Abraham Lincoln i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana kauā ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua kūkulu ʻo Theodore Roosevelt i ke kahawai ʻo Panama, kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina a hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻoihana.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- ʻO nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻohana India i kapa ʻia ʻo Lakota e noho kokoke ana i ka mauna Rushmore a manaʻo he wahi kapu ia. Akā ua manaʻo lākou i ka hana ʻana o kēia kia hoʻomanaʻo he mea hōʻino.
- Ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻomanaʻo e pili kokoke ana, hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke alakaʻi o nā Indians i kapa ʻia ʻo Mad Horse.
- Nui nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i paʻi ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka mauna, i waena o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia: "North by Northwest", "Superman 2", "National Treasure: Book of Secrets".
Pehea e hiki ai i Mount Rushmore
ʻO ke kahua mokulele kokoke loa i ka monument (ma kahi o 36 km) ke kahua mokulele ma Rapid City. ʻAʻole holo nā kaʻa mai ke kūlanakauhale a i ke kiʻi kiʻi, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻolimalima i kahi kaʻa a i ʻole hitchhike. ʻO ke ala e hiki aku ai i ke kuahiwi i kapa ʻia ʻo Highway 16A, a ʻo ke ala e alakaʻi ai i ke alaloa 244, kahi e alakaʻi pololei ai i ka hoʻomanaʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ke alaloa 244 ma o ka U.S. 16 Expressway.
