Hānau ʻia e ka hanu o ke ahi e ʻā ana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka mana hau kahiko ma ka hikina hikina o Tanzania, e haki ana i nā ao, piʻi ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro - ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma ʻApelika - kahi hōʻailona o ka nani a me nā mea kupaianaha ʻole i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka poʻe Swahili, ka mea i noho ma nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo pau ʻole o ʻApelika, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike e pili ana i ka hau, no laila ua manaʻo lākou i ka pāpale keʻokeʻo hau e hoʻolālā ana i ka piko o ka mauna he kālā maoli, e hoʻomālamalama ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka lā equatorial. Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka kaʻao i loko o nā poho o ke alakaʻi koa, nāna i hoʻoholo e piʻi i Kilimanjaro e ʻimi i ka pali o ka piko. Ua alo ka poʻe ʻōiwi i ka hanu hau o ka ʻāhinahina o ka pele o ka lua pele, a ua hoʻomaka lākou e kapa iā ia ʻo "Abode of the God of Cold."
Volcano Kilimanjaro - ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa maʻAfelika
He hanohano loa ka mauna me kona 5895 m i ke kiʻekiʻe e noho ana i kahi kūlana alakaʻi ma ka moku ʻApelika holoʻokoʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi lua pele ma ka palapala ʻāina e nā kuhi kaiaola aʻe:
- Ka latitu hema - 3 ° 4 '32 ″ (3 ° 4 '54).
- Lōʻihi hikina - 37 ° 21 '11 ″ (37 ° 21 '19).
ʻO ka mauna ʻApelika (i kapa ʻia ka lua pele), ma muli o ka hana o ka luaipele, aia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pali ʻoluʻolu e holo ana i kahi piko nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻekolu mau lua pele i hui pū ʻia i hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro
No ke aʻo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala o ke kumu o ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro a me nā kumu o kona ulu ʻana e ke kanaka, pono ʻoe e hele hohonu i nā kenekulia i ka wā i haki ai ka ʻāpana tectonic ʻApelika. Ua piʻi aʻe kahi wai wela mai lalo o ka iwi honua a hāwele i loko o ka māwae. He kuahiwi i hana ʻia ma waenakonu o ka pāpū, mai luna mai o ka pele i pele. Hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ke anawaena o ka luaipele ma muli o ke anuanu wikiwiki o ke kahawai ahi, ma luna o ka pūpū paʻa i kahe ai nā kahawai hou. Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui, ua uhi ʻia nā pali o Kilimanjaro me nā mea kanu a loaʻa nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole, a ma hope ua noho ka poʻe ma kahi kokoke.
Mahalo i nā mea waiwai i loaʻa, ʻo ka wā o ka noho ʻana o ka heluna Huachagga, i noho ma ka "puʻuwai" o ʻApelika ma kahi o 400 mau makahiki i hala. A ʻo kekahi mau mea o ka hale a 2000 paha makahiki.
Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ʻo ka mea mua i hiki ke kū i ke aniau a me nā mea ʻano o ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro ke keiki a ka Mōʻī wahine o Sheba, ʻo Tsar Menelik I, ka mea i makemake e haʻalele i kekahi ao ʻē aʻe me nā hanohano a pau loa ma ka piko o ke kuahiwi. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻi kekahi o nā hoʻoilina pololei o ka mōʻī i luna e ʻimi i nā waiwai, e like me ke apo o Solomon, ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ka mea mālama i ke akamai nui.
I kekahi manawa ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole ʻia ma waena o nā mea kākau moʻolelo o ʻEulopa ʻaʻole wale e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hau i luna, akā e pili ana hoʻi i ka noho ʻana o ka lua pele ponoʻī. ʻO ka mikionali ʻo Charles New ka mea mua i hoʻopaʻa palapala i kāna piʻi ʻana i 1871 i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 4000 m. A ʻo ka naʻi ʻana o ke kiko kiʻekiʻe ʻo ʻApelika (5895 m) i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1889 e Ludwig Purtsheller lāua ʻo Hans Meyer, ma muli o ka hopena o nā ala piʻi piʻi i hoʻomoe ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana, aia kekahi mau ʻōlelo ma mua o ka mauna i uhi ʻia e ka hau ma ka palapala ʻāina o Ptolemy, mai ka makahiki kenekulia II, a ʻo ka lā i loaʻa ai ka luaipele ma ka makahiki 1848 mahalo i ke kahu Kelemania ʻo Johannes Rebman.
ʻEleu a make paha
Nui ka poʻe hoihoi i ka nīnau: e hana a hiamoe paha ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro? Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hoʻokuʻu kekahi mau ʻāpana mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa i nā hōʻiliʻili o nā kinoea ma waho. ʻO ka poʻe loea, e pane ana i ka nīnau inā he hiki i ka pele, ʻōlelo lākou: "ʻOiai ʻo ka hāʻule iki paha e hiki ke hoʻopili i ka ala ʻana o ka lua pele, a ʻo ka hopena e nāwaliwali nā pōhaku.
I ka makahiki 2003, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia aia ma kahi hohonu o 400 m mai ka papa o Kibo. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka anomaly e pili ana me ka hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ʻana o ka hau e hoʻokau i ka nānā nui. Ke emi nei ka uhi o ka hau, no laila, manaʻo koke ka poʻe loea i ka nalowale piha ʻana o ka hau ma ka piko o Kilimanjaro. I ka 2005, no ka manawa mua, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka piko o ka mauna mai ka uhi keʻokeʻo o ka hau ma muli o ka nui o ka heluna hau.
Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā i ka lua pele ʻo Vesuvius.
ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka nui o nā manawa a ka lua pele i hū, akā e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mea hulihonua ʻo Hans Mayer, ka mea i ʻike i ka lua pele i hoʻopiha piha ʻia me ka hau, ʻaʻohe hana luaipele.
Flora a me nā holoholona
ʻO ke aniau e pili ana i ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro he mea kūikawā ia: hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke anuanu wela a me ke aupuni o nā makani hau hau i kekahi i kekahi e kekahi mau mika wale nō. Ke piʻi nei i ka mauna, lanakila ka mea hele i nā wahi anilā like ʻole me kahi aniau a me nā mea kanu.
Bushland - 800-1800 ka m... ʻO ka wāwae o ka lua pele ʻo Kilimanjaro e hoʻopuni ana i kahi me nā mauʻu mauʻu, i kekahi manawa a hoʻopuehu ʻia nā kumulāʻau a me nā nāhelehele. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nui o ka ea i nā kau: i ka hoʻoilo - tropical, i ke kauwela - equatorial. Ma ka awelika, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 32 ° C. Ma muli o kahi o ka lua pele kokoke i ka equator, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ua ma mua o nā wahi mamao loa o ka ciima climatic subequatorial. ʻO ka hana nui o ka heluna kanaka ka mahiʻai. Kanu ke kanu i nā pīni, ka pī, ka palaoa, kope, laiki. Hiki ke loaʻa nā māla kō ma ka wāwae o ke kuahiwi. Aia i waena o nā holoholona i kēia wahi aniau nā mōneka, nā ʻīlio ʻili meli, nā servals a me nā leopadi. ʻO kēia wahi i mahi ʻia me kahi pūnaewele o nā ʻauwai hoʻoheheʻe ka wahi nui o ka poʻe Kilimanjaro. ʻAʻole mālama nā kamaʻāina kūloko i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, e ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka pono home.
Wao nahele - 1800-2800 m... Ma muli o ka nui o ka ua (2000 mm), ʻike ʻia kahi flora like ʻole ma kēia pae kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā ʻano laha hiki ke loaʻa ma aneʻi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ke kāʻei kahi kulu nui o ka mahana o ka lewa i ka pō, akā pinepine ka mahana i kēia wahi i ka makahiki.
Nāhele Meather - 2800-4000 ka m... Ma kēia kiʻekiʻe, ua uhi ʻia nā pali o Kilimanjaro i ka noe nui, no laila ua māʻona nā mea kanu me ka wai, e ʻae ai iā lākou e ulu i kahi ʻano maloʻo. Aia nā māla o ka eucalyptus, cypresses, a me nā kamaʻāina kūloko e piʻi i ka pali e ulu i nā mea kanu i nā wahi malumalu. Loaʻa i ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ka manawa kūpono e nānā i nā māla kahi e ulu ai ka lobelia Lanurian, hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 10 m. Aia kekahi pua rose hihiu, akā ʻaʻole maʻamau, akā nunui. I mea e ʻike pono ai i ka pālākiō a me ka nani o ka ululāʻau mana, pono e nānā i nā kiʻi o nā mākaʻikaʻi. Hāʻawi ka lepo porous oxygenated i kahi nui o nā mea kanu e ulu.
Keoneoneo ʻo Alpine - 4000-5000 ka m... Kahi o ka ʻokoʻa wela kiʻekiʻe. I ke ao, hoʻomehana ka ea a hiki i 35 ° C, a i ka pō e hiolo ka māka ma lalo o 0 ° C. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lahilahi o nā lau nahele e kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ua. I kēia kiʻekiʻe, ʻike ka poʻe piʻi i kahi hāʻule o ke kaomi honua a me ka hāʻule nui o ka mahana o ka ea. I loko o ia ʻano, he mea paʻakikī ke hanu nui.
Kahi ʻĀpana - 5000-5895 m... Uhi ʻia kēia kāʻei me ka papa o ka hau mānoanoa a me ka ʻāina pōhaku. ʻO ka flora a me nā holoholona ma ka mea i hala loa. E lele ka mahana o ka lewa i -9 ° C.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- E piʻi i ka piko o Kibo, ʻaʻole koi ʻia kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa mauna mauna kūikawā, lawa ke kino kino maikaʻi. ʻO nā pali o ka lua pele aia i waena o nā piko ʻehiku a nā poʻe piʻi a me nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i aloha ai e lanakila. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana i Kilimanjaro i manaʻo ʻia he maʻalahi, akā ʻo 40% wale nō o ka poʻe e makemake ana e lanakila i luna e hiki i ka pahu hopu hope loa.
- ʻIke ka poʻe āpau ma ka ʻāina ʻo wai kahi lua pele e hiki ke hana ʻia, akā ʻike kakaikahi ka poʻe aia ia ma ka palena o nā ʻāina ʻelua - Tanzania a me Kenya.
- I ka makahiki 2009, ma ke ʻāpana o kahi hanana aloha, ua piʻi i luna ka 8 mau piʻina ʻike ʻole. A ma 2003 a me 2007, ua lanakila ka huakaʻi ʻo Bernard Gusen i ka mauna ma kahi noho huila.
- I kēlā me kēia makahiki he 10 mau kānaka e make ma nā pali o ka mauna.
- I nā kūlana pulu, ke hoʻopuni ka noe i ke kumu o ka mauna, aia ke ʻano o ka lele ʻana, me he mea lā ʻo Kilimanjaro kahi piko kaumaha ʻole, e kiʻekiʻe ana ma luna o nā kula ʻōmaʻomaʻo pau ʻole.
- Hiki i ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka lua pele ke loaʻa i nā nui o ka lewa e hele mai ana mai ka moana ʻo India.
- Nui loa ka "Sparkling Mountain" inā ʻaʻole pau ka piko hau i ka hoʻohua ʻana i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, a laila e maloʻo ka mauʻu, e make nā ululāʻau paʻa. E haʻalele ka poʻe kamaʻāina i ko lākou mau hale a haʻalele, e waiho ana i kahi wao nahele kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā holoholona.
