Lake Baikal, Lūkia: nā kiʻi, ka wehewehe, ke ʻano, nā muliwai, nā iʻa * Makaikai

ʻO Lake Baikal ka waihona wai wai nui nui loa ma ka honua e pili ana i ka nui. I kona hohonu, ʻoi aku ma mua o 23,000 km³ o ka wai maʻemaʻe e mālama ʻia no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia ka 4/5 o nā waihona Lūkini o ka wai nui loa ma ka honua a me 1/5 o nā waihona honua. Kupaianaha kona ana: ʻo ka lōʻihi mai ke komohana hema a i ka ʻākau hikina ma mua o 700 km, ʻo ka laulā 25-80 km. ʻO Baikal kahi wahi hoʻomaha kūikawā. Nui a hewahewa nā kaʻao a me nā mele e pili ana i ka waihona wai. He mau haneli kaukani huakaʻi mai Rūkia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he nui o ka honua e makemake e kipa aku iā ia.

Aia ma hea ʻo Baikal?

Aia ia ma waenakonu o ʻAsia, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia Hikina. ʻO ka wai o ka loko ka palena o ka moku Irkutsk a me ka Lepupalika ʻo Buryatia. Penei nā kaʻina: 53 ° 13'00 ″ s. sh. 107 ° 45'00 ″ E ʻO ka mamao mai ke kahakai hema o ka waihona wai a hiki i ka palena me Mongolia he 114 km, i ka palena me Kina - 693 km. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale kokoke iā Irkutsk (69 km mai ka waihona wai).

Flora a me nā holoholona

ʻO ke ʻano o Lake Baikal e pīhoihoi nei i ka poʻe huakaʻi. ʻO ka mālama wai kahi home ma luna o 2,600 ʻano o nā holoholona a me nā manu. Ma mua o 50% o lākou wale nō e ʻike ʻia ai ma kēia loko. Aia ma kahakai o ka waihona wai:

na Bea;
nā hare;
ʻīlio hae;
ʻīlio hae;
ʻalopeke;
ermines;
ʻeke ʻeke;
dia ʻulaʻula;
nā polokina;
moose;
puaʻa.

ʻO nā holoholona kai, nā sila wale a sila paha, e like me kā Buryats i kapa ai iā lākou, e hoʻonani i ka lei kūlohelohe. Ke piha nei ka waihona iʻa me ka iʻa. E ʻau i ka hohonu o ka loko.

omuli (iʻa mai ka genus salmon);
hina hina;
lōkahi;
paʻa paʻa;
burbot;
taimen;
lenki;
perches;
sorogi;
nā ide a me nā pikes;
golomyanka.

ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana hope loa o nā holoholona i kū hoʻokahi i ka hulu ʻauʻau kūikawā i ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ko lākou kino. ʻO nā kinona o kā lākou sirloin kahi hapakolu o ka momona. ʻAneʻane hiki ke hopu ʻia nā iʻa i hōʻike ʻia aʻe ma luna aʻe mai Lake Baikal me nā lakohana kūikawā (koʻokoʻo, ʻupena, a pēlā aku) a me ka makemake.

ʻO ka holoholona o ka loko ponoʻī a me kāna kahakai kahi ʻano ʻē. ʻO nā pine, nā spruces, nā kedera, ka fir, birch, larch, pops balsamic a me nā alder e ulu kokoke i ka waihona. Mai nā kumulāʻau, cherry manu, currant a me Siberian hihiu hihiu maʻamau ka mea maʻamau, kahi e hōʻoluʻolu ai kēlā me kēia punawai i nā poʻe me ke kala ʻalani a me ka ʻala heady.

Ma nā wahi hohonu o ka loko, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻenemi wai hou - nā holoholona i pili wale i nā ʻoki a me nā huna pūnaewele.

ʻIkepili Hoihoi

Nui ka leo o Lake Baikal ma muli o kona nui. Wahi a kēia mea hōʻike, ʻo ka waihona wai kūlohelohe ma kahi o 7 wale nō i ka honua. Mālama ʻia ka palekana o ka wai e nā hohonu hohonu o ka loko iʻa. ʻO Baikal ka loko hohonu o ka honua Honua. I kekahi o nā wahi, ʻo ka lalo he 1642 mau mika mai ka ʻilikai. ʻO ka hohonu ma waena o 730 mau mika. E hoʻopiha piha i ka pola o ka waihona wai, he mea pono e koi aku i nā kahawai a pau o ka honua e hāʻawi i kā lākou wai holo i loko o 200 mau lā.

Wahi a nā ʻike kūhelu, ʻoi aku ma mua o 300 mau kahawai e kahe ana i loko o Lake Baikal. Akā he hapa liʻiliʻi ka hapa nui o lākou. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka laulā o nā kahawai i 50 mau mika. Aia wale he 3 mau kahawai nui e halihali i ko lākou wai i ka loko. Hoʻokahi wale nō kahawai e kahe mai ka loko - ʻo Angara.

Aia he 36 mau mokupuni i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma ka ʻilikai. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina, ʻo Olkhon, 730 km ². Ma kona kapa he 2 mau kauhale lawaiʻa: Yalga a me Khuzhir.

Holo ka Circum-Baikal Railway ma ke kahakai hema - ke ʻano ʻenekini paʻakikī loa, i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana he mau kakala, nā alahaka a me nā alahaka i kūkulu ʻia.

ʻO ka pilikia nui o ka loko ka paʻakikī o ka pale ʻana i nā flora a me nā holoholona mai nā mea ʻai holoholona. Ma muli o ka ʻāina nui o ka waihona wai a me nā ʻāina e pili ana, ke kū ʻana ma kahakai o nā kahakai liʻiliʻi he nui, paʻakikī loa ke alualu ʻana i nā lawbreers me nā ʻano ʻenehana hou o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā waika a me nā poʻe.

Nā lā hoʻomaha ma 2019 ma Lake Baikal

Ua heleleʻi ʻia nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale he ʻumikū ma nā kapa. ʻO ka nui loa o lākou:

Listyanka - kahi kauhale ma ke kumu o Angara. ʻO nā hale wale nō ka hale hōʻikeʻike i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka loko. Eia nō hoʻi i ke kauhale a me nā wahi e pili ana, e makemake ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i ka hale pule ʻo St. Nicholas, i kūkulu ʻia i ke kenekulia 19, a me ka hale kuhikuhina a me ka moʻomeheu "Taltsy", kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ka ulana ʻana mai ka ili birch a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana mai ka pālolo.
ʻO Slyudyanka He kaona liʻiliʻi ma kahakai komohana. ʻIke ʻia ia ma Rūsia ma muli o ke kū ʻana o kahi kahua kaʻaahi i kūkulu ʻia o ke kinikini - ke kahua hoʻomaka o ke Alanui Alanui Circum-Baikal a me kahi hale hōʻikeʻike mineralogical.
ʻO Goryachinsk - ke kahakai kahiko loa ma ka moana wai. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18 e ke kauoha a Catherine II. Maikaʻi loa kona mau wai puna no ka hoʻōla, a me kāna cove one nani no nā kiʻi paʻi. Hiki ke loaʻa nā kiʻi o ka hoʻoneʻe i nā puke alakaʻi i paʻi ʻia i ka 19 kenekulia.
Nā pōpoki nunui - kahi kauhale ma kahi mamao o kekahi mau mile mai Listvyanka. Hoʻohanohano ia i kahi Institute of Biology aquarium a me nā mines kū mua kahi i ʻeli ʻia ai ke gula ma mua o 100 mau makahiki i hala.
Kahawai Peschanaya - kahi kū hoʻokahi, ke kihi wale nō o ke aniau Mediterranean i Siberia. Kūpono ia no nā kauwela kauwela e nā "savage" i nā hale lole, me nā ahi ahi a me nā kika.

Holo pinepine nā pahi a i ʻole nā kaʻa uila i kēia mau hōkele. Hiki ke koena o nā helu i ke kaʻa a i ʻole nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa paʻa. ʻO ka mamao o ke kahua hoʻoneʻe mai nā hubs nui e kuhikuhi i ka pae o ke kumukūʻai. No laila, ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa o ka noho ʻana i nā hale hoʻokipa a me nā kikowaena hoʻokipa ke nānā ʻia ma Slyudyanka, ka mea haʻahaʻa loa i nā wahi noho ma ke kahakai ʻākau hikina o ka loko.

He aha ka mea e hana ai a puni ka loko iʻa?

E inu i ka wai mineral.ʻO kekahi o nā hōkele o Lake Baikal (Goryachinsk, Khakusy, Dzelinda) he balneological. ʻO ka poʻe me nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal, hopohopo, genitourinary, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana cardiovascular ke lawe i nā ʻauʻau hoʻōla a inu i ka wai mineral i kēia mau wahi.

Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e heluhelu e pili ana iā Lake Nyos.

E kipa aku i nā huakaʻi. Ma nā kahakai o Lake Baikal aia nā ala o kekahi mau huakaʻi he haneli. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā hele a pau i lawe ʻia e nā alakaʻi mai ka ʻĀina Irkutsk a me ka Repubalika o Buryatia hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i:

lāhui kanaka;
hoʻopaʻa haʻawina āpana;
mōʻaukala;
mōʻaukala kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huakaʻi e alakaʻi ʻia e nā kamaʻāina o ke kahawai. Hauʻoli lākou e hōʻike i nā huakaʻi i nā wahi e paʻi kiʻi maikaʻi loa.

Hele holoholo. ʻO nā ala hele wāwae, ma waena o nā ululāʻau a me nā mauna kokoke i Lake Baikal, hoʻohana ʻia no nā piʻi i nā ʻano paʻakikī āpau. Kū lākou mai 2 a 30 mau lā. ʻO ia mau hoʻāʻo e hiki ai ke ʻike me kou mau maka ponoʻī i ka nani o ke kūlohelohe, e kiʻi i nā manaʻo leʻaleʻa a loaʻa i kekahi mau mākau e pono ai ke ola (e aʻo pehea e hana ai i ke ahi, e kuke i ka meaʻai i ke ākea, e kahe i nā kahawai

Nanea i kou manawa ma nā holoholo. Ma ka ʻili o ka loko o ka loko, ua hana ʻia he mau kaukini he nui i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Makemake kekahi o lākou e hōʻike i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i nā wahi nani loa o ka waihona wai a me nā wahi hoihoi e kū ana ma kahakai o Lake Baikal, a ua hoʻolaʻa piha kekahi i ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Kūkulu ʻia nā ala huakaʻi ʻo ke ʻano mua i hiki i nā huakaʻi ke nānā i nā wai a me nā kahakai, e kipa aku i nā hale hōʻikeʻike kaulana loa e kū kokoke ana i ka waihona wai. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka lua o nā huakaʻi me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā pono lawaiʻa a me nā lawelawe o ka poʻe huntsmen ʻike ʻike i kahi e loaʻa ai ka iʻa Baikal waiwai a momona hoʻi.

ʻAʻau a napoʻo ka lā. ʻO nā kahakai o Lake Baikal nā wahi maikaʻi loa no ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka ʻili tan. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kihi kahakai hōʻoluʻolu i uhi ʻia me ke one momona. I ke kauwela, i ka wā e mahana ai ka wai a kokoke i nā kahakai a + 17-19 ° C, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke ʻauʻau a ʻike i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka mana o kēia loko nui me ko lākou mau kino ponoʻī.

E aʻo i nā haʻuki koʻikoʻi loa. ʻO Baikal kekahi o nā wahi punahele no nā haʻuki ʻoi loa o Rūkia. I ke kauwela, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka amateurs ma ka wai o ka loko.