ʻO Salvador Dali (1904 - 1989) kekahi o nā mea pena pena ʻoi loa o ke kenekulia 20. Ua pīhoihoi ʻo Dali i ka poʻe hoʻolohe a ma ka manawa like ukali loa i kona ʻano. Ua hoʻohuli ka mea pena kiʻi i ke Akua i ʻEulopa a hoʻopuehu i nā hoʻopiʻi o ka hoʻomaloka akua ma United States. A, ʻo ka mea nui, lawe ʻia kekahi kālā i Dali. Inā waiwai ka hana a ka hapa nui o nā mea pena kiʻi ma hope o ko lākou make ʻana, ua kūleʻa nui ʻo Salvador Dali i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāna mau hana i kona wā e ola ana. Ua hoʻolilo ʻo ia i ka ʻimi manuahi no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ala maikaʻi loa o ka loaʻa kālā.
I ke koho ma lalo iho nei, ʻaʻohe wā kūpono o ke kākau ʻana o nā kiʻi a Salvador Dali, ka wehewehe ʻana i ko lākou manaʻo a i ʻole ka loiloi artistic - ua kākau ʻia he mau miliona mau ʻaoʻao e pili ana i kēia. ʻO kēia mau mea he hanana wale nō mai ke ola o kahi mea pena kiʻi nui.
1. Ua kamaʻilio waha ʻo Salvador Dali a kākau i loko o kāna puke autobiography ua manaʻo kona mau mākua iā ia ke ola hou ʻana o kahi kaikuaʻana i make i ka piha ʻana o kona makahiki he ʻehiku, he meningitis kona. He paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo inā ua ʻike ka mea pena ponoʻī iā ia iho, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Salvador Dali, ka mea mua (ua kāhea ʻia kona kaikuaʻana ma ka inoa like), 22 mau mahina wale nō i ola a make paha, ka maʻi ʻaʻai paha. Ua hāpai ʻo Salvador Dali ka lua i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona kaikuaʻana.
2. Ua aʻo ʻia ka loea pena kiʻi e hiki mai ana me ka kūleʻa ʻole o nā kula kaona a me nā monastery. ʻO kāna mau kūleʻa mua mua, a ʻo kāna mau hoa aloha mua, i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi kula kaha kiʻi ahiahi wale nō, kahi a Dali a me kona mau hoaaloha i paʻi ai i kahi makasina.
3. E like me ia i kēlā mau makahiki no kēlā me kēia kanaka ʻōpio, pili ʻo Dali i ka poʻe hema, ʻaneʻane manaʻo komunista. I kona manawa i hāʻawi ʻia ai e haʻi ʻōlelo i kahi hālāwai e hoʻolauleʻa ai i kā Siamani hāʻawi pio ʻana i ke Kaua Honua Honua, ua hoʻopau ʻole ʻo ia i kāna kamaʻilio ahi me nā huaʻōlelo: "E ola Kelemania! E ola ʻo Russia! " I nā ʻāina ʻelua e hana ana nā hana kipi kipi i kēlā mau lā.
4. Ma 1921, ua komo ʻo Dali i ka Royal Academy of Fine Arts ma Madrid. Ua kāhea ke kōmike ʻae i kāna kaha kiʻi ʻana, ua hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻike komo, "impeccable" a ua huli ka maka i ke komisina no ka hōʻeha i nā lula no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kiʻi a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka mea pena kiʻi ma ke ʻano he haumāna.
5. ʻOiai ke aʻo ʻana ma ke Kula Nui, ua hoʻāʻo mua ʻo Dali e hoʻopūʻiwa i nā mea hoʻolohe me kona helehelena ʻōlinolino, a laila hoʻāʻo e hoʻololi i kāna kiʻi, ʻoki ʻana i kona lauoho a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻana e like me ka dandy. ʻAneʻane uku ia iā ia i kona mau maka: e hoʻomālie i nā kaha curly, hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka varnish e uhi, nā pena aila. Hiki ke holoi wale ʻia me ke kuhukukū, kahi weliweli loa no nā maka.
6. I ka makahiki 1923, ua kipaku ʻia ka mea pena kiʻi mai ka Academy no hoʻokahi makahiki no ke komo ʻana i nā kūʻē kūʻē i ke koho ʻia ʻana o kahi kumu e kū hewa i nā haumāna. Eia kekahi, ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana i kona kauhale, ua hopu ʻia ʻo Dali. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai nā makaʻu āpau, ua hana ʻia ka hopu wale ʻia no ka hōʻoia ʻana.
7. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka manawa e hoʻomau hou ai i kāna mau aʻo ʻana ma ke Kula Kaiapuni, ua kipaku ʻia ʻo Dali mai ona aku no ka holo pono ʻole ʻana o ka naʻau. Ua haʻo ʻo ia i ʻelua mau hoʻokolohua, a ua haʻi aku i nā loiloi i ka Fine Arts Theory ua kanalua ʻo ia i ka hiki i nā polopeka ke helu i kona kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike.
8. ʻO Federico Garcia Lorca lāua ʻo Salvador Dali he mau hoaaloha, a no ka haku mele poʻokela poʻokela, ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano o kēia aloha me "i kēlā mau lā, i waena o nā bohemia, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia aloha me he mea lā he mea hōʻino ʻia". ʻO ka mea nui paha, ua hōʻole ʻo Dali i kā Lorca mau koi: "Ua pouli ke aka o Lorca i ka maʻemaʻe kumu o koʻu ʻuhane a me koʻu ʻiʻo," kākau ʻo ia.
Federico Garcia Lorca
9. ʻO ka moʻolelo o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "Andalusian Dog", i kākau ʻia e Luis Buñuel lāua ʻo Dali, ʻoiai i loko o ka huaʻōlelo i nānā ʻia ai, no ko lākou kolohe nui ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻaʻa nā mea kākau e ʻimi i nā kākoʻo o ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu. Ua lawe ʻo Buñuel i ke kālā mai kona makuahine. Ua hoʻolilo nā hoa aloha i ka hapalua o ka nui, a no ke koena ua hana lākou i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kupaianaha, a ʻo ka kūleʻa a nā Buñuel i hoʻohoka.
ʻO Luis Buñuel
10. I ka maka mua loa o ko Dali maʻa me Gala Bunuel, ka mea makemake ʻole iā Gala, ʻaneʻane e ʻokiʻoki iā ia ma ke kahakai. ʻO Dali, ma kahi o ka pale ʻana i kāna mea i aloha ai, ua noi aku iā Buñuel ma kona mau kuli e hoʻokuʻu i ke kaikamahine e hele.
11. Ma hope, i loko o kāna puke autobiograpical The Secret Life o Salvador Dali, ua kapa ʻia ka mea pena kiʻi ʻo Buñuel kahi hoʻomaloka. I ka 1942, i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua like kēia me ka hōʻole - lele koke ʻo Bunuel mai ka hana. I kāna mau hoʻopiʻi, pane ʻo Dali ua kākau ʻo ia i ka puke ʻaʻole e pili ana iā Buñuel, akā nona iho.
12. A hiki i ka makahiki 25, a hiki i kona hālāwai ʻana me Gala, ʻaʻohe pilina o Dali me nā wahine. Manaʻo nā mea kākau moʻolelo o ka mea pena kiʻi i kēlā ʻano hilahila i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka psychological ma mua o nā pilikia physiological. A ʻoiai i ka wā kamaliʻi, ua hāʻule i loko o ka lima o El Salvador kahi puke ʻike kino me nā kiʻi kiʻiona o nā maʻi puʻupuʻu i loaʻa mai i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka moekolohe. Ua makaʻu kēia mau kiʻi iā ia no ke ola.
13. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Muse Dali Galá (1894 - 1982) ma ka honua ʻo Elena Ivanovna (ma hope o kona makuakāne ʻo Dimitrievna) Dyakonova. He Lūkini ʻo ia, no Kazan mai. ʻO kona ʻohana, ma ka ʻaoʻao o kona makuahine, he mau maina gula, kona makuakāne (ua make kona makuakāne i ka wā he 11 mau makahiki o ke kaikamahine) he loio kūleʻa. Ua mālama ʻia ʻo Gala mai ka makahiki 20 no ka maʻi kō, a ʻo ia ka aneane make i ka hoʻopaʻi make. Akā hoʻi, ua ola ʻo Gala i kahi ola piha i nā ʻano āpau a make i ka makahiki 87.
ʻO Dali lāua ʻo Gala
14. I ka makahiki 1933, ua ʻike mua ʻia kahi kumu o kahi loaʻa kālā paʻa kūʻokoʻa i ko Dali ola (ma mua o kēlā, ua uku ʻia nā lilo āpau e kona makuakāne). Ua hoʻonāukiuki ʻo Gala iā Prince Fosini-Lusenge e hana i kahi lāʻau o 12 mau kānaka no ka mea pena kiʻi. ʻO ka lāʻau, i kapa ʻia ʻo Zodiac, hoʻohiki e uku iā Dali 2,500 franc i hoʻokahi mahina, a hāʻawi ka mea pena kiʻi i kāna mau mea i loaʻa i kahi kiʻi pena nui a i ʻole kahi kiʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻelua mau kiʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina.
15. ʻO ka male honua o Dali lāua ʻo Gala, ka mea i hoʻomaka ka pilina ma ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka mua o ka makahiki 1929, a ua hoʻopau ʻia ma 1934, a ua male lāua ma 1958. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ʻo Pope Pius XII i ka ʻae no ka male, a ʻo John XXIII, ka mea i pani ma hope ona, ua kākoʻo nui ʻo ia i ka hemo ʻana o Gala (mai ka 1917 ua male ʻo ia i ka haku mele ʻo Paul Eluard).
16. Ma kekahi o nā hōʻike ma Lādana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Dali e hana i ka lole luʻu. Ua kauoha ʻia ʻo ia mai kahi hui loea. ʻO ka haku, nāna i lawe i ka hoʻopiʻi, hoʻopaʻa ikaika i nā nati āpau ma ka mahiole a hele wāwae e holoholo a puni ka hōʻike - ua haʻi ʻia iā ia he hapa hola ka lōʻihi o ka hana. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Dali e ʻokiʻoki i nā minuke mua. Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e wehe i nā huaʻai me ke kōkua o nā hana improvis, a laila kuʻi ʻia i lalo me kahi sledgehammer. I ka ʻike ʻana o Dali a pīhoihoi i ka ea, hāʻule ka poʻe i loko o ka hauʻoli - me he mea lā he ʻāpana kēia o kahi hana surreal.
17. I New York, hana hewa nā poʻe hana i ka puka aniani o ka hale kūʻai e like me kā Dali kiʻi. Ua hōʻole ka mea nona ka hoʻololi i kekahi mea. A laila komo ka mea pena ma ka puka aniani mai loko, haki iā ia a kiola i waho i kahi pahu wai, kahi mea o ka hoʻonaninani, i ke alanui. Pololei ka mākaʻi ma laila. Kāhea koke ʻo Gala i nā mea nūpepa, a ʻo Dali, ka mea i hōʻole e uku i ka palapala hoʻopaʻa, loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻolaha nani. Ua ʻike maoli ka luna kānāwai iā ia i ka pono, hoʻopaʻi iā Dali wale nō me ke koi no nā pohō: "He kuleana ko ka mea pena kiʻi e pale aku i kāna mau hana". ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana a ka mea pena kiʻi i kahi maʻamau no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo ka mea āna i manaʻo ai, ʻaʻole paha i pili i ka manaʻo o ka luna kānāwai.
18. mahalo nui ʻo Dali iā Sigmund Freud a me kāna mau aʻo ʻana. ʻO ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka psychoanalysis, i mālama i ka kuʻuna, inā ʻaʻole conservative, nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka pena ʻana. No laila, i ka hōʻea ʻana o Dali i Italia i 1938, ua ʻae ʻo Freud e hui pū me ia ma hope o nā noi he nui mai nā hoa aloha.
19. Ua kāhea ʻo Dali i ka pōpilikia atomika o nā kūlanakauhale Kepani "kahi ʻano seismic". Ma ke ʻano laulā, he mea iki ka hopena o nā hana weliweli o ke kaua i kāna hana.
20. Dali's biographers, e pili ana i kāna hana pū ʻana me Hollywood, haʻi pinepine i ka nele i ke kālā no ke kumu no ka holomua. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻae ʻo Walt Disney lāua ʻo Alfred Hitchcock e laulima pū me ka mea pena kiʻi, akā me ke ʻano o ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kāna hana. Ua hōʻole paʻa ʻo Dali, a laila ua ikaika ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa kālā.
21. I ka hala ʻana o nā makahiki 1970, ua kū ʻo Amanda Lear i kahi pōʻai nui o ka poʻe ʻōpio i hoʻopuni iā Dali a me Gala. ʻO Gala, ka mea lili i kāna kāne no nā ʻelele wahine āpau, ua lawe maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka mea mele a koi aku iā ia e hoʻohiki e noho pū me Dali ma hope o kona make ʻana. Ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻo Amanda i ka luahine me ka hoʻohiki, a i kekahi mau mahina ma hope ua male ʻo ia i kahi aristocrat Farani.
ʻO Salvador Dali lāua ʻo Amanda Lear
22. Ma mua iki o kona make ʻana, ua hopu ʻia ʻo Gala e ka makaʻu kūpono ʻole i ka ʻilihune. ʻOiai noho kaʻawale lākou, paipai mau ka wahine i ka mea pena kiʻi e hana, a i ʻole e kau inoa wale i nā pepa pepa hakahaka. ʻO ke ʻano o ka uku ʻia ʻana no ia no nā autograf. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Dali, hopu nā loio i ko lākou mau poʻo: e like me nā kuhi ʻokoʻa, ua kau inoa ka mea pena kiʻi i nā kaukani mau ʻāpana he ʻumi, akā hiki ke kau ʻia i kekahi mea - mai ke kaha kiʻi ʻana a i ka IOU.
23. I ka hoʻoilo o 1980, ʻoiai ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua maʻi lāua me ka maʻi palū. He 76 ʻo Dali, 10 mau makahiki ʻo Gala. ʻO kēia maʻi, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, lilo i make no lākou. Ua make ʻo Gala ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapalua, ua kū ʻo Dali no ʻewalu mau makahiki hou aku, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i kekahi mea ke ʻole ke kōkua o waho.
24. Ua make ʻo Gala ma Port Lligat, akā pono ʻo ia e kanu ʻia ma Pubol, ka hale aliʻi i kūkulu hou ʻia e Dali i kahi mau kakini mile ka mamao. Pāpā ke kānāwai Sepania i ka halihali ʻana i nā kino o ka mea i make me ka ʻae ʻole o nā luna waena (ua lawe ʻia kēia kānāwai i ka manawa o nā maʻi ahulau). ʻAʻole i noi ʻo Dali, a ʻaʻole i kali no ka ʻae, lawe i ke kino o kāna wahine i kāna Cadillac.
Kakela Pubol
25. I ka makahiki 1984, ua kaapuni kahi pōkole ma ka pihi i kapa ʻia ʻo Dali kahi moe. Ua hiki i ka mea pena kiʻi ke hele i waho o kahi moena kuni. Ua loaʻa ʻo ia i ke ahi ʻoi loa a ua noho ʻo ia no ʻelima mau makahiki hou. Ua make ʻo ia i ka haukapila no ka maʻi puʻuwai.
