No nā mile he ʻehā a ʻoi paha, ua kū nā pyramid e hoʻoulu ai i ka mahalo a me ka makaʻu hoʻi i ke one o ʻAigupita. ʻO nā hale kupapaʻu o nā pharaohs e like me nā malihini mai kahi honua ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike nei lākou me ka puni a puni a nui kā lākou pālākiō. He mea kupaianaha ka hiki i nā tausani mau makahiki i hala ke kūkulu i nā hale o kahi kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻenehana hou i kēlā manawa, ua hiki ke ʻoi aku i ka 19 kenekulia wale nō, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka nui a hiki i kēia manawa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke ala aʻe nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu "ʻē aʻe" o nā pyramids. Nā akua, nā malihini, nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻōiwi i nalo - ʻo ka mea i hāʻawi ʻole ʻia me ka hana ʻana i kēia mau hanana hanohano, i ka manawa like e hāʻawi ana i nā waiwai kupaianaha loa iā lākou.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā pyramids ka hana a nā lima kanaka. I ko mākou mau makahiki o kahi kaiāulu atomized, ke hui pū nei i nā hana a kekahi mau kānaka he ʻumikūmālua e hoʻokō ai i kahi pahuhopu like me he mea lā he hana mana, ʻo nā papahana kūkulu nui o ke kenekulia 20 ke nānā aku nei. A e noʻonoʻo i ka hiki i nā kūpuna ke hui i kēlā hui i mau makahiki i hala aku nei, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka pae o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi e hāʻawi i nā mea āpau i nā malihini ...
1. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i kēia, ʻo nā mauna Scythian nā pyramids no ka poʻe hune. A pehea e nānā ai: he mau puʻu nā pyramids no ka poʻe hune i ka ʻāina. Inā lawa ka huki ʻana o ka poʻe nomad i kahi puʻu o ka honua i ka lua kupapaʻu, a laila pono i ko ʻAigupita ke hāpai i mau poloka pōhaku he nui - e puhi ʻia nā puʻu one e ka makani. Eia naʻe, uhi ka makani i nā pyramid me ke one. Pono e ʻeli ʻia kekahi. ʻOi aku ka laki o nā pyramid nui - uhi ʻia lākou me ke one, akā hapa wale nō. No laila, kahi Lūkini huakaʻi i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 i kākau i kāna puke pai ua uhi ʻia ka Sphinx me ke one a hiki i kona umauma. No laila, ʻo ka Pyramid kokoke o Khafre e like me ka haʻahaʻa.
2. ʻO ka pilikia koʻikoʻi mua i ka mōʻaukala o nā pyramids e pili pū kekahi me nā heʻe one. ʻO Herodotus, ka mea nāna i wehewehe a ana hoʻi iā lākou, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo iki e pili ana i ka Sphinx. Ua wehewehe nā kānaka noiʻi o kēia au i ka uhi ʻia o nā kiʻi me ke one. Eia nō naʻe, nā ana a Herodotus, ʻoiai me nā hemahema iki, kūlike pū me nā ana o kēia au, i hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā pyramid o ke one. Mahalo iā Herodotus kā mākou i kapa aku ai i ka pyramid nui loa "Pyramid of Cheops". ʻOi aku ka pololei o ke kāhea ʻana iā ia ʻo "Pyramid of Khufu".
3. E like me ka hana pinepine ʻana me ka poʻe huakaʻi kahiko a mea mōʻaukala paha, mai nā hana a Herodotus e hiki ai i kekahi ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i kona ʻano ma mua o nā ʻāina a me nā hanana āna i hōʻike ai. Wahi a ka Helene, ʻo Cheops, inā ʻaʻole lawa kāna kālā e kūkulu ai i kāna wahi kanu kanu ponoʻī, ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kāna kaikamahine ponoʻī i kahi hale hoʻokamakama. I ka manawa like, kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi pyramid liʻiliʻi kaʻawale no kona kaikuahine ponoʻī, nāna i hoʻohui i nā kuleana ʻohana me ke kuleana o kekahi o nā wahine a Cheops.
ʻO Heterodyne
4. ʻO ka helu o nā pyramid, ʻano ʻē, fluctuates. ʻO kekahi o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea liʻiliʻi, mālama maikaʻi ʻole ʻia a hōʻike paha i ahu o nā pōhaku, no laila hōʻole kekahi mau ʻepekema e noʻonoʻo iā lākou he mau pyramids. No laila, ʻokoʻa ka helu o lākou mai 118 a 138.
5. Inā hiki ke wehe i nā pyramid ʻeono nui loa i mau pōhaku a ʻokiʻoki i nā kile mai kēia mau pōhaku, ua lawa ia e hoʻomālamalama i ke ala mai Moscow a Vladivostok 8 mau mika ākea.
6. ʻO Napoleon (ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo Bonaparte), i ka helu ʻana i ka nui o nā pyramid ʻekolu ma Giza, i helu ʻia mai ka pōhaku i loaʻa i loko o lākou e hiki ke hoʻopuni i ka anapuni o Palani me ka paia 30 kenetimita ka manoanoa a me 3 mika ke kiʻekiʻe. A ʻo ka papa hoʻoheheʻe o nā rockets lewa hou e komo i loko o ka Cheops pyramid.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Napoleon i kahi mummy
7. E hoʻohālikelike i ka nui o nā hale kupapaʻu pyramids a me ka panalāʻau kahi i kau ai lākou. No laila, a puni ka pyramid o Djoser he pā pōhaku (i kēia manawa ua luku ʻia a uhi ʻia me ke one), kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻāpana o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kaona.
8. ʻAʻole nā piramida āpau i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he hale kupapaʻu o pharaohs, ma lalo o ka hapalua o lākou. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia no nā wahine, nā keiki, a i ʻole he kumu hoʻomana paha.
9. ʻO ka Pyramid o Cheops ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa, akā hāʻawi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe o 146.6 mika iā ia empirically - ʻo kēia ka hihia inā i ola ke alo. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe maoli o ka Cheops Pyramid ma lalo o 139 mau mika. I ka crypt o kēia pyramid, hiki i nā keʻena ʻelua lumi i waena o ka lumi ke hoʻokau loa ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kekahi. Ke alo nei ka hale kupapaʻu me nā papa granite. Kūpono lākou a ʻaʻole i komo ke kuikele i ka hakahaka.
ʻO ka Pyramid o Cheops
10. Kūkulu ʻia ka pyramid kahiko loa na Paraʻo Djoser i ka waena o ka 3 millennium BC. ʻO kona kiʻekiʻe he 62 mau mika. Ma loko o ka pyramid, ua loaʻa nā hale kupapaʻu 11 - no nā lālā āpau o ka ʻohana pharaoh. Ua ʻaihue nā pōā i ka mummy o Djoser iā ia iho i ka wā kahiko (ʻaihue ʻia ka pyramid i nā manawa he nui), akā ʻo ke koena o nā lālā o ka ʻohana, me kahi keiki liʻiliʻi, ua ola.
ʻO Pyramid o Djoser's
11. I ka hānau ʻana o ka lāhui Helene kahiko, kū nā piramida i hoʻokahi tausani makahiki. I ka manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻo Roma, ʻelua a ʻelua paha makahiki ko lākou. I ka manawa a Napoleon i ka pō o ka "Battle of the Pyramids" i ʻōlelo pathetically ai: "Nā Koa! Nānā lākou iā ʻoe no 40 mau kenekulia! ”, Kuhi hewa ʻo ia ma kahi o 500 mau makahiki. Ma nā ʻōlelo a ka mea kākau Czechoslovak, Vojtech Zamarovsky, ua kū nā pyramids i ka wā i manaʻo ai ka poʻe i ka mahina he akua, a hoʻomau i ke kū i ka pae ʻana o ka poʻe i ka mahina.
12. ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko i ke panana, akā ʻo nā piramida ma Giza e pili pono loa ana i nā kiko cardinal. Ana ʻia nā hāmeʻe i nā hakina o ke kekelē.
13. Ua komo ka Europa mua i nā pyramids i ke kenekulia 1 AD. e Ua lilo ka ʻepekema Roma nunui-talena ʻo Pliny i laki. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i kāna mau manaʻo i ka leo VI o kāna "Mōʻaukala Kūlohelohe" kaulana. Ua kapa ʻo Pliny i nā pyramids "he hōʻike o ka lapuwale lapuwale." ʻIke ʻo Pliny a me ka Sphinx.
Nā Laina
14. A hiki i ka hopena o ka millennium mua AD. ʻekolu wale nō mau pyramids ma Giza i ʻike ʻia. Ua wehe lohi ʻia nā pyramids, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka pyramid Menkaur a hiki i ke kenekulia 15.
ʻO Pyramid o Menkaur. ʻO ke ala o ka hoʻouka kaua Arab ʻike maopopo ʻia
15. Ma hope koke iho o ke keʻokeʻo o ke kūkulu ʻana o nā pyramid - ua alo lākou i ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo anai ʻia. Ma hope o ka naʻi ʻana o ʻAigupita, mahalo ka poʻe ʻAlapia i ka maikaʻi o ka cladding. I ka wā i kipa aku ai ʻo Baron dʻAnglure iā ʻAigupita i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 14, ua ʻike mau nō ʻo ia i ke kaʻina hana o ka hemo ʻana i ka pōhaku alo no ke kūkulu ʻana ma Cairo. Ua haʻi ʻia iā ia e "ʻeli" ʻia ana ka ʻiliʻili keʻokeʻo ma kēia ala no hoʻokahi tausani makahiki. No laila ʻaʻole i nalo ke kāhili mai nā pyramids ma lalo o ka mana o nā ikaika o ke kūlohelohe.
16. ʻO ke aliʻi ʻArabia o ʻAigupita, ʻo Syekh al-Mamun, e hoʻoholo ana e komo i ka pyramid o Cheops, i hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi koa e hoʻopuni ana i ka hale paʻa - ua hollowed ka paia o ka piramida e nā hipa kāne. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi ke pyramid a hiki i ka manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia ai ka sheikh e ninini i ka vīnega i hoʻolapalapa ʻia i ka pōhaku. Hoʻomaka e neʻe iki ka pā, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka manaʻo o ka sheikh, inā ʻaʻole ia he laki - kūlike ka haki me ka hoʻomaka o ka mea i kapa ʻia. Hale hōʻikeʻike nui. Eia naʻe, hoʻohoka ka lanakila iā al-Mansur - makemake ʻo ia e loaʻa kālā mai nā waiwai o nā pharaohs, akā loaʻa he mau pōhaku makamae wale nō i ka sarcophagus.
17. Aia nō he mau lono e pili ana i kekahi ʻano "kūamuamu o Tutankhamun" - ʻo kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohaumia i ke kanu ʻana o Paraʻo e make i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua hoʻomaka lākou i nā makahiki 1920. ʻO Howard Carter, nāna i wehe ka hale kupapaʻu o Tutankhamun, i loko o kahi leka i ke keʻena hoʻoponopono o ka nūpepa, e hōʻike ana ua make ʻo ia a me kekahi mau lālā ʻē aʻe o ka huakaʻi, ma ke ʻano ʻuhane, ʻaʻole hele mamao aku ka poʻe o ka wā kahiko mai ko ʻAigupita kahiko.
Kāhāhā iki ʻo Howard Carter i ka nūhou o kona make ʻeha
18. ʻO Giovanni Belzoni, he mea ʻimi kūkaʻi Italia i holoholo a puni ʻo ʻEulopa, i ka makahiki 1815 i hoʻopaʻa ai i kahi ʻaelike me ke Kanikela Pelekane ma ʻAigupita, e like me ka mea i koho ʻia ʻo Belzoni i lunamakaʻāinana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Pelekane Pelekane ma ʻAigupita, a ua hoʻohiki ʻo Consul Salt e kūʻai mai iā ia i nā waiwai i loaʻa no ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Pelekane. ʻO ka Pelekania, e like me ka maʻa mau, huki i nā pahu pahu mai ke ahi me nā lima o haʻi. Ua iho ʻo Belzoni i ka mōʻaukala ma ke ʻano he ʻaihue pōpoki, a ua make ʻia i ka makahiki 1823, a ua "mālama ʻia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Beritania no ka hoʻomeamea" i nā waiwai he nui a ko ʻAigupita. Na Belzoni i hoʻokele i ka loaʻa o ka puka i ka pyramid Khafre me ka haki ʻole o nā paia. Me ke kakali ʻana i kahi pio, ua haki ʻo ia i loko o ka hale kupapaʻu, wehe i ka sarcophagus a ... maopopo leʻa ua hakahaka ia. Eia kekahi, i ke kukui maikaʻi, ʻike ʻo ia i ka palapala ma ka paia, i hana ʻia e ka poʻe ʻArabia. Ua ukali iā ia ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā lākou ka waiwai.
19. Ma kahi o ka hapalua haneli mau makahiki ma hope o ko Napoleon neʻe kaua ʻana no ʻAigupita, ʻo ka poʻe palaualelo wale nō kai hao ʻole i nā pyramid. Akā, ua ʻaihue ko ʻAigupita iā lākou iho, e kūʻai aku ana i nā relic i loaʻa no kahi pittance. Ua lawa ia e ʻōlelo ai no kahi mea liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā mākaʻikaʻi ke nānā i ka nani o nā hiʻohilohiu o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pā alo mai nā papa kiʻekiʻe o nā pyramids. ʻO Sultan Khediv Said wale nō i pāpā ʻia i ka makahiki 1857 e pāpā ana i ka ʻaihue ʻana i nā piramida me kāna ʻae ʻole.
20. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema ua ʻike ka poʻe embalmers i nā kino o nā pharaohs ma hope o ka make ʻana i kekahi mau ʻōlelo huna kūikawā. I ke kenekulia iwakālua wale nō, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka poʻe e komo i loko o nā wao akua, ua ʻikea ka mālama ʻana o ka ea wela maloʻo i nā kupapaʻu i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻonā ʻana i nā hāʻawe. ʻO nā kino o ka poʻe ʻilihune, nalowale i ka wao nahele, noho like me nā kino o nā pharaohs.
21. ʻO nā pōhaku no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pyramids i kuʻi ʻia e ke kālai liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mākia lāʻau, ka mea i haehae i ka pōhaku ke pulu, ʻoi aku ke kuhiakau ma mua o kahi hana o kēlā me kēia lā. Ua huki ʻia nā palaka i ka hopena a anai ʻia. Ua helu ʻia lākou e nā haku kūikawā e kokoke ana i ka lua. A laila, i ke kaʻina i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā helu, e ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o kahi mau haneli mau poʻe, kauō ʻia nā palaka i ka Nile, kau ʻia i luna o nā pākeke a lawe ʻia i kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā pyramids. Lawe ʻia ka halihali i ka wai kiʻekiʻe - he haneli mau mika keu o ka halihali ʻana e ka ʻāina i hoʻonui ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana no nā mahina. Ua hali ʻia ka wili hope loa o nā paloka ʻoiai lākou e noho ana i ka pyramid. Nā koena o nā kaha pena pena, i nānā i ka maikaʻi o ka wili ʻana, a me nā helu ma kekahi mau palaka.
Aia nō nā hakahaka ...
22. ʻAʻohe hōʻike o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā holoholona i ka halihali ʻana i nā palaka a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pyramids. Ua hānai ikaika ko ʻAigupita kahiko i nā holoholona, akā ʻo nā bipi liʻiliʻi, nā hoki, nā kao a me nā miula ʻaʻole maopopo ke ʻano o nā holoholona i hiki ke koi ʻia e hana i ka hana ʻoi loa i kēlā me kēia lā. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pyramids, ua hele a maopopo nā holoholona i ka ʻai. Wahi a nā manaʻo like ʻole, mai 10 a 100,000 mau poʻe i hana i ka manawa like i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pyramids.
23. Ma nā manawa o Stalin ʻike lākou e pili ana i nā loina o ka hana a ko ʻAigupita i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pyramid, a i ʻole nā poʻe noho o ke awāwa ʻo Nile i hoʻolālā i kahi hoʻolālā kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana i hana ʻia, akā ʻo ka haki ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai hana he ʻano like. Ma ʻAigupita, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana hale pyramid i mau hui a hiki i ka 1000 poʻe no nā hana ʻoi loa a paʻakikī ʻole (ʻano like me ka GULAG hoʻomoana). ʻO kēia mau hui, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i mau loli. Aia kekahi luna "manuahi": nā mea kālaiʻike (nā loea kīwila), nā luna (VOKHR) a me nā kāhuna (ʻoihana politika). ʻAʻole me ka ʻole o nā "hūpō" - nā mea ʻoki pōhaku a me nā mea kālai kiʻi i kahi kūlana kūpono.
24. ʻO ke kani ʻana o nā huipa ma luna o nā poʻo o nā kauā a me ka make weliweli i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā piramida nā mea i haku ʻia e nā mea kākau moʻolelo kokoke i kēia manawa. Ua ʻae ke aniau o ʻAigupita i nā mahiʻai manuahi e hana i kā lākou māla no nā mahina he nui (i ka Nile delta lawe lākou i nā mea kanu he 4 i ka makahiki), a ua noa lākou e hoʻohana i ka "manawa palaualelo" i koi ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana. Ma hope, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā pyramid, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻumeʻume i nā kahua kūkulu me ka ʻae ʻole, akā no laila ʻaʻole e make kekahi i ka pōloli. Akā i nā wā hoʻomaha no ka mahi ʻana i nā māla a me ka ʻohi ʻana i ka ʻohi, ua hana nā kauā, aia lākou ma kahi o ka hapahā o nā hana āpau.
25. ʻO Paraʻo o ka moʻokūʻauhau VI ʻaʻole ʻo Piopi II i hoʻonele i kona manawa ma nā mea liʻiliʻi. Ua kauoha ʻo ia e kūkulu i 8 mau pyramids i ka manawa hoʻokahi - nona iho, no kēlā me kēia wahine a me 3 mau hana maʻamau. ʻO kekahi o nā kāne, ʻo Imtes kona inoa, kumakaia i ka mōʻī a hoʻopaʻi nui ʻia - ua hoʻonele ʻia ʻo ia i kāna pyramid pilikino. A ʻo Piopi II hoʻi i ʻoi aku ma mua o Senusert I, nāna i kūkulu nā hale kupapaʻu he 11.
26. Ma ke kenekulia o ke kenekulia 19, ua hānau ʻia ka “pyramidology” a me ka “pyramidography” - nā pseudosciences e hāmama nā maka o ka poʻe i ke kumu o nā pyramid. Ma ka unuhi ʻana i nā palapala ʻAigupita a me nā hana makemakika a me nā hana algebraic me ka nui o nā pyramid, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole lākou ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka ke kūkulu i nā pyramids. E like me ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻelua o ke kenekulia 21, ʻaʻole i loli ka hanana.
26. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hāhai i nā pyramidologists a huikau i ka pololei o nā pā granite o nā hale kupapaʻu a me ke kūpono o nā āpana pōhaku o waho. ʻO nā papa Granite o nā kāʻei o loko (ʻaʻole loa lākou āpau!) Kūpono pololei ʻia. Akā ʻo nā mea hoʻomanawanui o ka millimeter i ka masonry kūwaho ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e nā mea unuhi hewa pono ʻole. Aia nā hakahaka, a me nā mea nui loa, ma waena o nā palaka.
27. Ke ana ʻana i nā pyramid ma ʻō a ma ʻō, ua kū ka hopena o nā pyramidologists: ua ʻike ko ʻAigupita kahiko i ka helu π! Ke hana hou nei i nā mea i ʻike ʻia o kēia ʻano, mai ka puke a ka puke, a laila mai kēlā me kēia pūnaewele, ʻaʻole hoʻomanaʻo nā poʻe loea, a i ʻole ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina makemakika ma kekahi o nā papa haʻahaʻa o ke kula Soviet. Ma laila, hāʻawi ʻia nā keiki i nā mea āpau o nā nui like ʻole a me kahi ʻāpana o ka pae. I ke kahaha o nā keiki kula, ka lākiō o ka lōʻihi o ka pae, i hoʻohana ʻia e wahī i nā mea āpau, i ke anawaena o kēia mau mea, aneane ʻaʻole i loli, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 3.
28. Ma luna o ka puka komo o ke keʻena o ka hui kūkulu hale ʻAmelika ʻo The Starrett Brothers lāua ʻo Eken i kau i kahi huaʻōlelo a ka hui nāna i kūkulu i ka Empire State Building i hoʻohiki e kūkulu i kahi kope ola o Cheops Pyramid ma ke noi a ka mea kūʻai aku.
29. ʻO ka kompleks hoʻokipa Luxor ma Las Vegas, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻAmelika a me nā papahana TV, ʻaʻole ia he kope o ka pyramid Cheops (ʻoiai ʻo ka hui "pyramid" - "Cheops" hiki ke hoʻomaopopo a hiki ke kala ʻia). No ka hoʻolālā ʻana o Luxor, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā palena o ka Pink Pyramid (ke kolu o ka nui) a me ka Broken Pyramid, i ʻike ʻia no kona ʻano haki.
