I ka hopena o ka Soviet Union, ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka huakaʻi haole, he moemoeā a hōʻino hoʻi kahi huakaʻi huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē. ʻO kahi moe, no ka mea makemake ʻole ke kanaka e kipa i nā ʻāina ʻē, e launa me nā poʻe hou, a aʻo e pili ana i nā moʻomeheu hou. He hōʻino, no ka mea, ʻo ka mea makemake e hele i kahi ʻē, ua make ʻo ia iā ia iho i nā kaʻina hana he nui. Ua aʻo ʻia kona ola ma lalo o kahi microscope, ua lawe ka manawa i nā manawa a me nā aʻa. A ma nā ʻāina ʻē, inā loaʻa kahi hopena maikaʻi o nā hōʻoia, ʻaʻole i koi ʻia nā pilina me nā haole, a aneane he mea pono e kipa i nā wahi i ʻae ʻia ma ke ʻano he hui.
Akā, eia nō naʻe, nui ka poʻe i hoʻāʻo e hele i kahi ʻē i hoʻokahi manawa. I ke kumu, koe wale no ka hana hōʻoia lapuwale, ʻaʻole kūʻē ka mokuʻāina iā ia. Ke ulu mau nei ka huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi a ʻike ʻia e ulu nei, nā hemahema, i ka hiki hiki ke hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau. ʻO ka hopena, i nā makahiki 1980, ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 miliona mau kamaʻāina o ka USSR i huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē i nā hui mākaʻikaʻi i hoʻokahi makahiki. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, he ʻano ponoʻī ko Soviet huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi ʻē.
1. A hiki i 1955, ʻaʻohe hoʻonohonoho mākaʻikaʻi kūwaho kūwaho i loko o ka Soviet Union. ʻO ka hui hui pū ʻo "Intourist" mai ka makahiki 1929, akā ua hana wale ʻia kāna mau limahana i ka lawelawe ʻana i nā haole i hele mai i ka USSR. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole kakaikahi lākou - i ka piko o 1936, 13.5 tausani mau mākaʻikaʻi haole i kipa aku i ka USSR. Ke nānā nei i kēia kiʻi, pono i kekahi e noʻonoʻo i ka huakaʻi haole i kēlā mau makahiki a puni ka honua kahi kuleana kūikawā o ka poʻe waiwai. Ua ʻike ʻia ma hope mai ka mākaʻikaʻi lehulehu.
2. ʻO ka baluna hoʻokolokolo kahi holo kai ma ke ala ʻo Leningrad - Moscow me kahi kāhea iā Danzig, Hamburg, Naples, Constantinople a me Odessa. 257 alakaʻi o ka hoʻolālā ʻelima mau makahiki i hana i kahi huakaʻi ma ka moku kaʻa ʻo "Abkhazia". Ua holo kekahi moku peʻa like i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope. ʻAʻole i lilo kēia mau huakaʻi i mea maʻamau - ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā moku kaʻa i kūkulu ʻia - i ka lua o ka hihia, ʻo ia ʻo "Ukraine" i lawe ʻia mai Leningrad a i ke Kai ʻEleʻele, i ka manawa like me nā limahana alakaʻi.
3. ʻO ka holomua i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā manawa kūpono e hoʻonohonoho i nā huakaʻi hui o nā kamaʻāina Soviet ma kahi ʻē i hoʻomaka i ka hopena o 1953. No nā makahiki ʻelua he palapala leisurely ma waena o nā keʻena a me ke Kōmike kikowaena ʻo CPSU. I ka hāʻule wale nō o 1955, hele aku kahi hui o 38 poʻe i Suedena.
4. Ua mālama ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ke koho ʻana o nā moho e nā hui o ka ʻaoʻao i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kōmike ʻaoʻao o nā ʻoihana, nā kōmike ʻāpana, nā kōmike kūlanakauhale a me nā kōmike kūloko o ka CPSU. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke Kōmike Waena o ka CPSU i kahi hoʻonā kūikawā i kuhikuhi ʻia i koho wale ʻia ma ka pae ʻoihana, ʻo nā māka ʻē aʻe āpau nā hoʻomaka kūloko. I 1955, ua ʻae ʻia nā ʻōkuhi no ka hana a nā kamaʻāina Soviet ma waho. ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka poʻe e huakaʻi nei i nā kaiāulu a me nā aupuni kapitalista ʻokoʻa a ʻae ʻia e nā hoʻoholo ʻokoʻa.
5. ʻO ka poʻe e manaʻo e hele i kahi ʻē i hana ʻia i nā kaha kikoʻī, a me ka nānā ʻole inā e huakaʻi ana kahi kanaka Soviet e mahalo i nā ʻāina kaiāulu uluola a weliweli ʻia e ke kauoha o nā ʻāina kapitalista. Ua hoʻopiha ʻia kahi nīnau nīnau kūikawā lōʻihi me nā nīnau i loko o ka ʻuhane o "Ua noho ʻoe i ka panalāʻau i noho ʻia i ka wā o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui?" Koi ʻia e lawe i kahi hōʻike i loko o kahi hui uniona kālepa, e hāʻawi i kahi hōʻoia ma ke Kōmike palekana State (KGB), kahi nīnauele i nā hui o ka ʻaoʻao. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā kaha ma ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole (ʻaʻole ʻo ia, ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole pili, a pēlā aku.). Pono e hōʻike i ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi - mai ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ke komo ʻana i nā subbotnik i nā papa i nā ʻāpana haʻuki. Ua nānā pū nā kōmike loiloi i ke kūlana male o nā moho no ka huakaʻi. ʻO nā moho i hala i nā pae haʻahaʻa o ke koho ʻana i noʻonoʻo ʻia e nā Kōmike i ka haʻalele ʻana, i hana ʻia i nā kōmike kūloko āpau o ka CPSU.
6. ʻO nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i hala aku nei i hala i nā kaha āpau i hana i nā ʻōkuhi like ʻole e pili ana i ka hana ma nā ʻāina ʻē a me ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me nā haole. ʻAʻohe ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻia, no laila, hiki i nā kaikamahine ke lawe i nā pālule liʻiliʻi me lākou, a koi mai ka ʻelele Komsomol e komo mau nā mea komo i nā hōʻailona Komsomol I nā hui, ua hoʻokau pinepine ʻia kahi subgroup kūikawā, a aʻo ʻia nā mea komo e pane i nā nīnau paʻakikī (No ke aha e kani ai nā nūpepa e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a kūʻai aku ka Soviet Union i ka palaoa mai ʻAmelika mai?). ʻAneʻane me ka ʻole o ka hewa, kipa aku nā hui o nā mākaʻikaʻi Soviet i nā pūnaewele hoʻomanaʻo e pili pū ana me nā alakaʻi o ka neʻe komunista a i ʻole nā hanana kipi - nā kia hoʻomanaʻo iā VI. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo o ke komo ʻana i loko o ka puke o nā kipa ʻana i ia mau wahi i ʻae ʻia i ka USSR, pono e hana i kahi komo e kahi lālā o ka hui i ʻae ʻia.
7. I ka makahiki 1977 wale nō ka pepelu “USSR. 100 mau nīnau a me nā pane ”. Ua paʻi hou ʻia kahi hōʻiliʻili kūpono i nā manawa he nui - ua ʻano ʻokoʻa nā pane mai ia mea mai ka propaganda pāʻina i hoʻopau ʻia e kēlā manawa.
8. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana i nā hōʻoia āpau, ua waiho ʻia nā palapala no ka huakaʻi i kahi ʻāina kaiāulu i 3 mau mahina ma mua o ka huakaʻi, a i kahi ʻāina kapitala - ʻeono mau mahina ma mua. ʻOiai ʻo nā loea kālaiʻike kaulana o Lukemapuka ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike e pili ana i ke kauhale Schengen i kēlā manawa.
9. Ua hoʻopuka wale ʻia kahi passport ʻē aʻe ma kahi kūʻai no kahi kīwila, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi wale nō palapala i ka lima. Ua pāpā ʻia ʻaʻole e lawe i nā palapala ma kahi ʻē, koe wale no kahi passport, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka ʻike, a ma ka USSR, ʻaʻole ia i hōʻoia ʻia e nā lau maʻi a me nā palapala hōʻoia mai ke keʻena hale.
10. Ma waho aʻe o nā pāpā kūpina, aia kekahi mau kapu kapu ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana, kākaʻikahi loa - a me ka ʻae a ke Kōmike Waena wale nō - ʻae ʻia ka huakaʻi no ke kāne a me ka wahine ma ke ʻano o ka hui like inā ʻaʻohe a lāua keiki. Hiki i kekahi ke huakaʻi i nā ʻāina kapitala i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu mau makahiki.
11. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻike o nā ʻōlelo haole i mea hoʻohui no ka moho no ka huakaʻi. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ke kū ʻana i ka hui o kekahi mau poʻe e ʻōlelo nei i kahi ʻōlelo ʻē i ka manawa hoʻokahi i hāpai i nā hopohopo koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻimi nā hui like e hōʻemi i ka pilikanaka a i ʻole ka lāhui - e hoʻohui i nā limahana a i ʻole nā ʻelele o nā palena ʻāina i ka poʻe ʻike.
12. Ma hope o ka hele ʻana i loko o nā pōʻai āpau o ka pāʻina-bureaucratic hell a me ka uku ʻana no ka huakaʻi (a ua pipiʻi loa lākou e nā kūlana Soviet, a i nā manawa maʻamau ʻae ʻia ka ʻoihana e uku a 30% o ke kumukūʻai), hiki nō ke hele ʻole i laila. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻo "Intourist" a me nā hui uniona i ka wobbly a me ka ʻōwili. ʻO ka nui o nā hui i hele ʻole i waho ma o ka hewa o nā hanana Soviet i hele i mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I loko o ka manawa o ka normalization o nā pilina me Kina, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa e formalize a kāpae ʻia ka "Trains of Friendship" holoʻokoʻa.
13. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai nā pilikia āpau, ua kipa aku nā hui o nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi Soviet ma kahi o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma hope koke o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mākaʻikaʻi i waho, i ka 1956, ua kipa aku nā mea kūʻai aku o Intourist i nā ʻāina he 61, a me 7 mau makahiki ma hope - 106 mau ʻāina ʻē. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo maopopo, kipa ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻāina e ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi holo moana. ʻO kahi laʻana, aia kahi ala holo moku ʻo Odessa - Turkey - Greece - ʻItalia - Morocco - Senegal - Liberia - Nigeria - Ghana - Sierra Leone - Odessa. Ua lawe nā moku mākaʻikaʻi i nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i India, Iapana a me Cuba. ʻO ka holoholo ʻana o Semyon Semyonovich Gorbunkov mai ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "The Diamond Arm" hiki ke ʻano maoli - ke kūʻai aku nei i nā palapala hōʻoia no nā holoholo kai, ua ʻike ʻia ke kuʻuna o "Abkhazia" - hāʻawi ʻia ka mea nui i nā limahana poʻokela.
14. Kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā "poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i nā lole kīwila" - nā luna KGB, i ʻōlelo ʻia e pili kokoke i nā mākaʻikaʻi Soviet a pau i hele i kahi ʻē, ʻoi aku paha ka hoʻonui. Ma ka liʻiliʻi mai nā palapala archival ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Intourist a me Sputnik (kahi hui Soviet ʻē aʻe i hana i ka mākaʻikaʻi kūwaho, ʻo ka hapanui o ka huakaʻi ʻōpio) kahi hemahema nui o nā limahana. Loaʻa ka hemahema o nā mea unuhi, nā alakaʻi (hoʻomanaʻo hou i ka "Diamond Hand" - he alakaʻi ʻē Lūkini ke alakaʻi), nā alakaʻi ukali wale nō. Ua huakaʻi ka poʻe Soviet ma kahi ʻē i nā haneli haneli. I ka makahiki 1956 e hoʻomaka ana, ua kipa aku ka poʻe 560,000 i nā ʻāina ʻē. Mai ka makahiki 1965 hele ka pila i loko o nā miliona a hiki i ka lilo ʻana o 4.5 miliona i ka makahiki 1985. ʻOiai, aia nā luna KGB ma nā huakaʻi huakaʻi, akā ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia hui.
15. Ma waho aʻe o ka pakele o ka intelentsia i kekahi manawa, nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā mea haʻuki, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi iki nā mea mākaʻikaʻi Soviet i ke kumu o ka hopohopo. ʻO nā alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka hui poʻokela i hoʻopaʻa i nā hana hewa, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka inu wai ʻona ʻole, ʻakaʻaka nui i loko o kahi hale ʻaina, ke ʻano o nā wahine i ka palule, hōʻole e hele i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
16. Kaulana ʻole nā "pale pale" i nā hui huakaʻi - noho lākou i ke Komohana ma hope o ka huakaʻi no ka hana. ʻO ka mea koe wale nō ka mea loiloi moʻokalaleo kaulana ʻo Arkady Belinkovich, ka mea i pakele me kāna wahine i ka wā huakaʻi huakaʻi.
17. pipiʻi nā palapala hōʻoia ma nā ʻāina ʻē, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua. I nā makahiki 1960, me ka uku ma ka wahi o 80 - 150 rubles, ʻoiai he huakaʻi he 9 mau lā i Czechoslovakia me ke ala ʻole (120 rubles) ke kumu kūʻai he 110 rubles. ʻO kahi huakaʻi he 15 mau lā i India i uku ʻia 430 rubles a ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 rubles no nā tikika air. ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o nā holoholo. Hele i ʻApelika Komohana a hoʻi i ke kumu kūʻai 600 - 800 rubles. ʻOiai he 20 mau lā ma Bulgaria i uku ʻia he 250 rubles, ʻoiai ʻo ka like ʻana o kahi likiki ʻoihana like me Sochi a i ʻole Crimea he 20 rubles. ʻO ke ala chic ʻo Moscow - Cuba - Brazil kahi kumukūʻai moʻolelo - he 1214 rubles ka uku.
18. I loko nō o ka paʻakikī a me nā pilikia o nā keʻena, aia mau ka poʻe makemake e hele i waho. Ua loaʻa mālie ka huakaʻi huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē (i nā makahiki 1970). Ua wehe nā loiloi wā i nā hana hewa nui i kā lākou puʻunaue ʻana. Hōʻike nā hōʻike loiloi i nā mea i ʻike ʻia he hiki ʻole i ka Soviet Union. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hele aku kahi mīkini kaʻa kaʻa ma Moscow i ʻekolu mau holomoana me nā kāhea ʻana i nā ʻāina kapitala i nā makahiki ʻeono, ʻoiai pāpā ʻia kēia. No kekahi kumu, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā palapala hōʻoia no nā limahana a i ʻole nā mahiʻai hui i hāʻawi ʻia i nā luna o nā mākeke a me nā hale kūʻai. I ka manawa like, mai ke kuanaʻike o ka hana hewa, ʻaʻohe mea koʻikoʻi i kū mai - hoʻowahāwahā luna, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe.
19. Inā mālama ka poʻe kamaʻāina maʻamau i ka huakaʻi i Bulgaria ma ka ʻuhane o ka ʻōlelo kaulana i hōʻole i ka moa i ke kuleana e kapa ʻia he manu, a me Bulgaria - i nā ʻāina ʻē, a laila no nā alakaʻi o ka hui ka huakaʻi nui i Bulgaria. I ʻole e hele i loko o nā kikoʻī no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kūlana me kahi laʻana mai kēia manawa hou. ʻO ʻoe ke alakaʻi o kahi hui o ka hapanui o nā wahine e hoʻomaha ana ma kahi wahi Tureke a ʻAigupita paha. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kāu hana e lawe i nā hale i kahi palekana a maikaʻi, akā e nānā pū i ko lākou pono a me ka pono komunista i kēlā me kēia ala. A ʻo ka poʻe Bulgarians ma ke ʻano ʻano like nā Tureke, noho wale lākou i kahi ʻākau ʻākau.
20. He pilikia nui ke kālā i ka huakaʻi haole. Ua hoʻololi iki lākou. I ke kūlana maikaʻi loa nā huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi e huakaʻi ana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "hoʻololi kālā ʻole". Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka hale manuahi, ka noho ʻana a me nā lawelawe, no laila ua hoʻololi lākou i nā kālā kenikeni - lawa wale no ka poʻe kūpaka. Akā ʻaʻole i hao ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe. No laila, lawe ʻia ka lula piha o nā waiwai i lawe ʻia no ka lawe aku i nā ʻāina ʻē: 400 gram o ka caviar, hoʻokahi lita o vodka, kahi palaka o ka paka. ʻOiai ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā lekiō a me nā kāmela a pono e hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Ua ʻae ʻia nā wahine ʻaʻole e komo ma mua o ʻekolu mau apo, me ke apo o ka male. Ua kūʻai aku a kūʻai ʻia paha nā mea āpau i nā mea kūʻai aku.
