I loko o ʻekolu mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka mea ʻoniʻoni, ua kūlike ia me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka pūnaewele wikiwiki, ua haki ʻia nā kope miliona i loko o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian. Koi aku kekahi i ka hapa nui o ka lehulehu o Ukraine e ʻōlelo i ka ʻōlelo kahiko, i hoʻomaʻau ʻino ʻia i ka Lūkini Aupuni a me ka Soviet Union. Manaʻo kekahi he ʻōlelo ʻimi hamani a ʻaole ʻole kekahi o Ukrainian, a ke hoʻāʻo nei ka poʻe ʻōiwi e hoʻopau i ka ʻōlelo o ka ʻōlelo Lūkini ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo. Kūkākūkā kekahi e pili ana i ke mele a ka lehulehu i ʻike nui ʻia e kekahi, a hōʻole kekahi i kēia mau paio me nā laʻana mai ka hopuna ʻōlelo o nā mea hōʻikeʻike ʻUkeknia ("avtivka", "chmaroocos", "parasolka").
ʻAʻohe paʻakikī ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma kahi ma waena. Ua lilo nā kūkākūkā Philological i nā kūkala politika, a i kēlā mau mea, ʻaʻohe mea e ʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli. He mea maopopo wale nō aia kahi ʻōlelo (kahi adverb, inā makemake ʻoe) e haʻi ʻia e kekahi mau miliona mau kānaka. Aia kahi grammar hoʻomohala maikaʻi, aia nā puke wehewehe'ōlelo, nā papahana aʻo kula, a me nā loina o ka ʻōlelo e hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke ola a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o hoʻokahi ʻōlelo, a ʻoiai ʻilihune loa mai kahi ʻike ʻepekema a ʻenehana paha, ʻaʻole hiki ke lilo i kumu no ka hoʻokaumaha ʻana i nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe a me kā lākou poʻe ʻōlelo. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ia ʻano hoʻokaumaha e kumu i kahi pānaʻi, a ʻaʻole lawa hoʻi i nā manawa a pau.
1. Wahi a ka mana i ʻae ʻia i loko o ke kaiāulu ʻepekema ʻUkekia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōlelo ʻ betweenkekania ma waena o ka 10 a me ka 5th millennia BC. He mamo pololei ia na Sanskrit.
2. Ua maʻa mau ka inoa "ʻUkelena" ma hope wale o nā kipi 1917. ʻAe, ʻo kēia ʻōlelo o ka hema a me ke komohana hema o ka Lūkini Aupuni, a ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana hoʻi iā ia mai ka ʻōlelo Lūkia, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Rusky", "Prosta Mova", "Little Russian", "Little Russian" a me "South Russian".
3. Wahi a ka encyclopedia international Encarta, ʻo ka ʻōlelo Ukraine ka ʻōlelo makuahine o 47 miliona mau kānaka. Kāhea nā mākaʻi akahele hou aʻe i ke kiʻi 35-40 miliona. Ma kahi o ka helu like o ka poʻe e ʻōlelo Polani ana a me kekahi mau ʻōlelo i ʻōlelo ʻia ma India a me Pakistan.
4. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kiʻekiʻe loa i ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian no nā makahiki o ke kūʻokoʻa i loaʻa he $ 1.92 miliona ma ka pahu pahu. ʻO ke komikina ʻo "The Wedding Is Said" ("Crazy Wedding") ka mea lanakila o ka pahu pahu, me ka waihona 400,000 kālā.
5. ʻAʻohe hōʻailona paʻakikī i ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian, akā aia kahi hōʻailona palupalu. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hōʻailona paʻa ka mea holomua. I ka Lūkini, no ka laʻana, hoʻopīpī wale ia i ka pela ʻana i ka pela. Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pela ʻana ma 1918 ma Soviet Russia, ua kāʻili hewa ʻia nā leka "ъ" mai nā hale paʻi no ka paʻi ʻole ʻana i nā nūpepa a me nā puke "i ke ala kahiko" (a ʻaʻohe palapala e pili ana i nā mīkini kikokiko). A hiki i ka wanaʻao 1930, ma kahi o kahi kaha paʻakikī, ua kau ʻia kahi apostrophe i loko o nā puke, a ʻaʻole ʻeha ka ʻōlelo.
6. He paʻakikī e haʻi aku no ke aha i koho ai ʻo Alexander Balabanov i ka hopena ma ke ʻano he wahi huakaʻi o ka meʻe ʻo Viktor Sukhorukov i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo “Brother 2”, akā ʻo ka subtext o ʻUkelena ma nā huakaʻi ʻAmelika ʻo Viktor Bagrov. ʻO Kikako a me nā wahi e pili ana, i hui ʻia ma Cook County, ʻaʻole wale ia ka home no ka diaspora nui o ʻAmelika i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I kēia ʻāpana, inā he limahana ʻōlelo ʻUkekania ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio pū me nā luna kaona ma ʻUkrain.
7. ʻO ke mele ma Ukrainian no ka mua a no ka manawa hope loa i hoʻokau i ka parade hit o ka ʻĀkana ʻāpana o ka wikiō wikiō YouTube ma ka pule hope o Iune 2018. No hoʻokahi pule ua noho ka lālani mua o ka helu helu e ka haku mele "Uwē" o ka hui (ma Ukrainian ua kapa ʻia ka hui mele "hert") "Kazka". Hoʻokahi pule wale nō ka lōʻihi o ke mele ma luna.
8. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo mai ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "Brother 2" e hōʻike nei i kahi hiʻohiʻona phonetic hoihoi o ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian. Ke hele ʻo Viktor Bagrov ma o ka palena palena i ka United States ("Ke kumu o kou kipa ʻana? - Ah, New York Film Festival!"), ʻOiai kahi kiaʻi ukali o ka palena ukali o Ukraina e pāpā pono nei: "He ʻāpala kāu, e?" - I ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian, ʻo "o" i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻēmi ʻia a like ke ʻano o ke kani ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi.
9. ʻO ka hana moʻokalaleo mua i paʻi ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian ka mele "Aeneid" na ʻIvana Kotlyarevsky, i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1798. Eia nā laina mai ka mele:
10. Pehu ae la ka mea hoino, a halulu mai la ke kai me ka leo nui; Me ka waimaka o Trojans i ninini ʻia, mālama ʻo Eneya i kona ola; All the chaplains rozchukhralo, Bagatsko vіyska nalo maʻaneʻi; A laila loaʻa iā mākou i hoʻokahi haneli! Uwau ʻo Yeney, "ʻO wau nā keneta Neptune Pivkopi i ka lima o ka lā, ʻo ʻAbi ma ke kai ua make ka ʻino." E like me kāu e ʻike ai, mai 44 mau ʻōlelo, ʻaʻohe aʻa Lūkia wale nō "chavnik" ("moku").
11. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka mea kākau ʻo ʻIvana Kotlyarevsky ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka ʻōlelo moʻokalaleo Ukrainian a me ka mea nāna i hoʻowahāwahā iā ia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā wehewehe ʻana e like me ka mea i koi ʻia e ka pōʻaiapili politika. ʻO I.P. Kotlyarevsky i kākau ma ʻUkelanika i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, i ka manawa ʻaʻole i hānau ʻia ʻo A.S. Pushkin, a i ʻole ua hōʻike ʻo Kotlyarevsky ʻo ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian "smikhovyna" (Taras Shevchenko) a me "kahi hiʻohiʻona o kahi kamaʻilio hale inu" (Panteleimon Kulish ). ʻO Kotlyarevsky ponoʻī i noʻonoʻo i ka ʻōlelo o kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano he "dialect Russian Little".
12. Inā ma Lūkini nā huapalapala pālua kahi hui pu pololei ʻana o ka pela, a laila ma ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian he ʻelua mau leo pono (kākaʻikahi wale nō, akā lōʻihi loa). ʻO ia, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "Ukrainian" ʻo ka lauoho ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia me nā huapalapala "s" ʻelua, akā ua haʻi ʻia hoʻi "hair-sya". A ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā huaʻōlelo i kākau ʻia i ka ʻōlelo me nā huapalapala pālua ma Ukrainian ua kākau ʻia me hoʻokahi - "papa", "trasa", "hui", "address", a pēlā aku. Ma ke ala, ka huaʻōlelo hope loa, e like me ka Lūkini, ʻelua mau manaʻo: "ka wahi a kahi noho" a i ʻole ka "hoʻokipa nani a hoʻopiʻi ʻana paha." Eia nō naʻe, ma ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian, ʻo ka hoʻololi mua he "address", a ʻo ka lua he "address".
13. Inā kuhi kuhi ʻoe i kahi huaʻōlelo me ka nui o nā huapalapala he 1.000, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā huapalapala āpau o ka pīʻāpā Ukrainian e like me ke alapine, a laila e loaʻa i kēia huaʻōlelo he 94 mau leta "o", 72 mau huapalapala "a", 65 mau leta "n", 61 mau leta "a ”(Kī ʻia [s]), 57 mau leta“ i ”, 55 mau huapalapala“ t ”, 6 mau huapalapala“ ϵ ”a me“ ts ”pākahi, a hoʻokahi me kēlā me kēia“ f ”a me“ u ”.
14. ʻO nā inoa "Kope", "kino" a me "depot" i ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian ʻaʻole e loli i nā helu a me nā hihia, akā ʻo "kapa" e loli.
15. I ka nānā ʻana i ka politika nui loa o ka hihia, ʻo ka helu a me ka manawa o ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo ʻaiʻē i ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian he kumu no nā kūkākūkā wela. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻae ʻia ia ma kahi o 40% o nā huaʻōlelo Ukrainian i hōʻaiʻē ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Kelemania, ʻoiai ʻo ka panalāʻau o kēia manawa a me kekahi Ukraine ʻaʻole i pili pū me Kelemania i kekahi o kāna ʻano, ma ka hapanui - me ka Austro-Hungarian Empire, a ʻoiai me nā kūloko o ka ʻāina. ... Mai kēia, ʻo nā mea kākoʻo o ka thesis e pili ana i ka wā kahiko o nā Ukrainians ma ke ʻano he lāhui i hoʻoholo ua hōʻaiʻē ʻia nā huaʻōlelo ma mua o ko mākou wā, a ke kamaʻilio nei ko lākou helehelena e pili ana i ka mana a me ka nui nui o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Ukrainian. ʻO nā mea kākoʻo o ka "imperial" e hoʻokokoke aku nei i ka mōʻaukala e wehewehe i ka nui o nā hōʻaiʻē e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōlelo Ukrainian i loko o ka limahana limahana Kelemania e hoʻokaʻawale i ka aupuni Lūkia.
16. Aia nā ʻōlelo i nā ʻōlelo āpau i haʻi ʻia ma nā wahi nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻōlelo ʻUkekania i ka puana ʻana a me ka hopunaʻōlelo. No laila, paʻakikī i nā poʻe noho o ka waena a me ka hikina o ka ʻāina e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻelele o nā komohana.
17. "Misto" - i ka "kūlanakauhale" Ukrainian, "nedilia" - "Lāpule", a me "ʻino" - "nani". "Mito" (haʻi ʻia [myto]) ʻaʻole "maʻemaʻe, holoi ʻia", akā "kuleana".
18. I ka 2016, 149,000 mau kope o nā puke ma ʻUkelena i paʻi ʻia ma Ukraine. I ka makahiki 1974, he 1.05 miliona kope i kūlike ʻia - he emi ma mua o 7 mau manawa.
19. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā nīnau hulina mai ka panalāʻau o Ukraine nā nīnau Rūkia. ʻO ka helu o nā noi ma Ukrainian, e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, aia ma waena o 15-30%.
20. Ma ka ʻōlelo ʻ therekalakala aia ka huaʻōlelo "hoʻolewa" i ka mea hoʻokahi - "hoʻolewa", akā ʻaʻohe huaʻōlelo "puka" i ka singular, aia wale nō "puka".
