ʻOiai ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano i wehewehe ʻia, ʻokoʻa loa nā dia. Akā nō naʻe, ʻo ka hui mua ʻana me ka huaʻōlelo "dia" i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe he ʻālia a i ʻole he dia ʻulaʻula - he muʻupuʻu elongated i lei ʻia me nā pepeiaohao, nā maka nunui, a me ka hiki ke heʻe i kahi pōʻino i ka emo o ka maka.
No ka millennia, he kumu ʻai nā dia a me nā mea like ʻole no nā kānaka. I ka hopena o ke au hau, neʻe ka poʻe i ke kūkulu ʻākau ma hope o nā kau o nā ʻālia. ʻO ka wikiwiki, ua aʻo ke kanaka e kuhikuhi i ka hana a ka dia i ke ala kūpono, e hoʻoneʻe iā lākou i kahi kūpono no ka luku ʻana a me ka hei ʻana.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o nā makahiki he mau kaukani, ʻaʻole i ulu iki ka hana a ka dia. Inā kū mai kahi makaʻu, holo ʻo ka dia me ko lākou ikaika a pau i ke ala i kū pono i ke kumu o ka weliweli i kēia manawa. ʻO ka hapanui paha, inā ʻaʻole no ka hana mua i ka wā kahiko, Pepehi wale ʻia ka dia e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Manaʻo kekahi ʻepekema ʻo ka dia ka lua o nā holoholona i hoʻohuli ʻia e ke kanaka, ma hope o ka ʻīlio.
Kūpono ʻole ʻo Reindeer i nā kūlana kūwaho a me nā meaʻai, maʻalahi maʻalahi i ka aniau a, koe wale nō ka palaka, mai hōʻike i kekahi kolohe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke holo iā lākou (inā ʻae ka nui o nā dia), lawe i nā ukana i nā pūʻolo a i nā sledges. No nā lāhui he nui e noho ana ma ka ʻĀkau Hema, ʻo ke ʻano o ka reindeer kahi ala e ola ai. Hāʻawi ʻo Reindeer i kahi e pale ai, nā lole, nā kāmaʻa, a me nā meaʻai e komo pū me nā huaora a me nā minelala. Inā ʻaʻole no nā dia, e haʻalele ʻia nā expanses ākea o ka ʻākau o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika.
Ma ʻEulopa, ua hoʻopau mua ka poʻe i ka dia kokoke i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a laila kāhea lākou i kēia holoholona "hanohano" a i ʻole "mōʻī" a hoʻomaka e hoʻohanohano ikaika iā ia. ʻO ka piko o ka poʻe hanohano wale nō i ʻae ʻia e ʻimi i nā nani o ka pepeiaohao. Ua lilo ka dia i aristocrats ma waena o nā holoholona - maopopo i kēlā me kēia mea aia lākou, akā kakaikahi wale nō ka mea i ʻike iā lākou i ko lākou kūlohelohe. I kēia manawa hāʻawi ʻia ka manawa kūpono kūpono loa e ʻike i nā holoholona o nā dia i ka wā e huakaʻi ana i kahi o Chernobyl. Ma laila, me ke alo ʻole o nā kānaka, nā dia, e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, manaʻo nui a ʻoiai nā kūlana o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka lekiō a me ka palena palena.
1. ʻO nā kapa o ka Volga, Don a me nā muliwai liʻiliʻi e pāhola ʻia me nā iwi dia. Ua hoʻonohonoho nā poʻe ʻimi ʻimi ʻimi ʻimi i nā holoholona nui, e hoʻokau nei i nā dia o nā dia i loko o nā aʻa a i ʻole ke koi ʻana i nā holoholona e lele i ka pali. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia nei e ka nui o nā iwi, ka hoʻopau nui ʻana o nā dia ma kahi like i hana pinepine ʻia. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopili i nā ʻano o nā dia: hele a hele hewa wale nā holoholona i loko o nā pā kau.
2. ʻO nā ʻeli ʻana i hana ʻia ma Denmark, Kuekene a ma ka Penela Karelian e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 4,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hānai ʻia ka poʻe i ka reindeer ma nā wahi pā a i mālama paha i kahi ʻāpana o nā holoholona iā lākou no ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma nā pōhaku, mālama ʻia nā kaha kiʻi, kahi e maopopo ai nā dia ma hope o kekahi ʻano pā a pā paha.
3. ʻO ka waiū Reindeer kahi huahana olakino a momona loa. I ke ʻano o ka momona o ka momona, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia i ka kalima pasteurized, a ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi ʻia kēia momona e ke kino o ke kanaka. Nui nō hoʻi ka puna i ka waiū reindeer. ʻO nā mea ʻono a me nā ʻano like me ka ghee o ka waiū o ka bipi e like me ka ʻono o ka waiū o Reindeer. Hoʻokaʻawale koke nā kahu bipi ʻo Norewena Lappish o kēia manawa i nā keiki bipi mai ka makuahine a hānai iā lākou me ka waiū kao - ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ka reindeer. No kēia kumu, hānai ʻia nā kao ma kahi o ka dia.
4. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana o ka dia ma Rūsia, ma ka ʻĀkau ʻĀkau paha. Aia nā ala hele o ka reindeer a lawa pono nā mea e kūkulu ai i nā peni no nā holoholona i hopu ʻia. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu i ka ʻākau a me ka hikina, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ka mālama holoholona nui ʻana.
5. ʻO ka Reindeer kahu i hana mua ʻia he holo ʻeke - lawelawe ʻo Reindeer i analogue o nā lio ma nā latitu hema he nui. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻonui Lūkini i ka ʻākau hikina, ua hoʻohana nā Nenets i nā dia wahine i loko wale nō ma ke ʻano he pūʻali koa, eia kekahi, holo nā poʻe ma luna o ka lio a lawe aku i nā ukana i loko o nā ʻeke. I ka neʻe ʻana o ka dia i ka hikina, ua emi ka nui o nā mea kanu i lilo i meaʻai na ka dia. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻomaka ka liʻiliʻi o ka lāhui, a haʻalele ka poʻe i ka holo ʻana a me ka reindeer i ka palau.
6. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka laulā i nā ʻano hana like ʻole no ka hopu holoholona, mai nā kakaka a i ka ʻupena nunui. ʻO ke kumu, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā ʻano o ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hopu i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe me ka ʻupena ma ka ʻāina. Hōʻike ʻia ka pālākiō o kēlā lawaiʻa dia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i mea e ʻupena ai i nā ʻili dia, e koi ʻia he 50 mau dia. ʻO ka pūnaewele i hualoaʻa ʻia he 2.5 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2 mau mile ka lōʻihi. Eia kekahi, ua hui ʻia kekahi mau pūnaewele like me nā ʻohana ʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi.
7. ʻAʻole i hānau ka ʻākau i ka dia no ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili no ka maikaʻi o ke ola. ʻOiai ka hui Lūkini "hālāwai me ka lā", ua lohi lākou, ʻoiai ko lākou ʻano kūʻokoʻa aloha, lawe ʻia "ma lalo o ka lima o ka mōʻī" a koi ʻia e uku i kahi ʻauhau - yasak. I ka mua, ʻaʻole pilikia kāna uku - pono ia e hāʻawi i nā ʻili o kahi holoholona hulu hulu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o lākou e luku i nā holoholona hulu i nā Trans-Urals, pono i nā ʻōiwi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi hou iā lākou iho i kahi ʻauhau kālā - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū me nā mea ʻimi ʻimi ʻimi haole. Pono wau e hoʻomaka e hānai i nā dia, kūʻai aku i nā ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo, a me ka uku ʻana i ka ʻauhau ma ke kālā.
8. ʻO ka ʻiʻo dia a me ke koko ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa no ka scurvy. Ma waena o nā lāhui e hānai ana i nā dia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia maʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai - loaʻa i ka poʻe nā wikamina a me nā microelement e pono ai, a me kahi ʻano digestible maʻalahi, mai ke koko o nā dia.
9. ʻO Lichens, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo reindeer lichens, ʻo ia wale nō ka meaʻai no ka reindeer wale nō i ke kau anuanu (akā naʻe, aia nō ia i nā wahi e noho ai nā reindeer no 7 mau mahina). I loko o kahi manawa pōkole o ka wela, ʻai ikaika ka dia i nā ʻano lau nahele i loaʻa i ka tundra.
10. ʻO Reindeer hoa i ʻOkakopa - Nowemapa, ua kapa ʻia kēia wā "rut". ʻO nā kāne ma mua o ka hakakā ikaika ʻana e hakakā no ka maka o nā wahine. He 7.5 mau mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana, akā hiki ke loli ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā Nenets, no ka laʻana, manaʻoʻiʻo i nā wahine i momona i ka hoʻomaka o ka rut, a me nā mea e hāpai ana i kahi pēpē kāne, he hāpai keiki i ʻoi aku ma mua o 8 mau mahina. Aia nā keiki bipi ma ko lākou mau wāwae ma waena o ka hapalua hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka hānai ʻana me ka waiū e 6 mau mahina, eia nō naʻe, i loko o nā pule mua o ke ola, hoʻomaka nā keiki bipi e ʻōpala i nā greens.
11. ʻO ka wā wale nō e weliweli maoli ai ka dia i ke kanaka. Lilo ka hana a nā kāne pepeiaohao i mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia a, i ka huhū, hahi paha lākou i kahi kanaka. Mālama nā ʻīlio - ʻike lākou i ka wānana i ke ʻano o nā dia, a inā he mea weliweli i ke kahuhipa, hoʻouka mua lākou. Inā ʻaʻole kōkua ka ʻīlio, hoʻokahi wale nō mea i koe - e piʻi i ka pōhaku kiʻekiʻe kokoke. He kaʻao ko ka poʻe ʻākau ʻākau āpau e pili ana i ke kau ʻana o ka mea hoʻohuli reindeer ma luna o ka pōhaku no ka manawa lōʻihi, e heʻe ana i ka dia.
12. ʻO nā aniani kaulana - nā mea ulu ʻole i hoʻoulu ʻia o nā anela dia, i hōʻemi ʻia a $ 250 no kēlā me kēia kilokilo - ʻoki ʻia mai ka dia i Iulai, ke lawe ʻole ʻia lākou i ka wā kau kauwela. Hoʻopili ʻia nā reindeer i kahi sled, nakinaki ʻia nā mea ʻāʻī i ke kumu, a ua hao ʻia nā mea hao me ka hacksaw. ʻO ke kaʻina hana no ka dia he ʻeha loa ia, no laila lākou e hoʻāʻo e hoʻokō i ka wikiwiki. I ke ʻano o nā antlers, kū hoʻokahi ka reindeer. He 51 mau ʻano o ka reinadia, ʻo nā reindeer wale nō nā antlers no nā kāne a me nā wahine. I ka hapa nui o nā laha ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā pepeiaohao ka nui o nā kāne. ʻAʻohe o nā dia o ka wai wale nō.
13. ʻAʻole i luku ʻia ʻo Reindeer, akā ʻoki ʻia (me ka ʻokoʻa o nā Lapps - hoʻohana wale lākou i ka pahi). Hoʻopaʻa nā kānaka ʻelua i ka ihu ma ka ʻāʻī o ka holoholona, a ma hope o 5 mau minuke, make ka holoholona. A laila lawe ʻia ka ʻili mai ona aku, a lawe ʻia aku ka naʻau i waho. He hana kēia na ke kāne. A laila hoʻopiha ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka dia me nā ake ake a me nā puʻupaʻa a me nā ʻā momona o ka ʻiʻo. A laila inu kēlā me kēia i ka mug o ke koko a hoʻomaka i kā lākou pāʻina. Hana wale ʻia ka ʻoki kino e nā wahine. Kuʻi ʻia nā keiki bipi i kahi ala kuʻuna - kuʻi i ka hope o ke poʻo me kahi mea kaumaha.
14. Loʻohia ka dia i nā maʻi he nui mai ka brucellosis a i ka anthrax. I ka Soviet Union, aia kahi ʻōnaehana pale, hāʻawi ʻia nā māla reindeer me nā loea holoholona i kaʻana like i ka ʻike a me nā lāʻau me nā mea hoʻoulu reindeer. I kēia manawa ua luku maoli ʻia ka ʻōnaehana, akā ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike mai ka makuakāne a ke keiki. Lapaʻau maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Necrobacteriosis i nā dia, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā holoholona. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa e kūʻē i nā gadflies. Hiki wale nō ke hana ʻia ma Kepakemapa, no laila ʻo ʻAukake ka manawa paʻakikī loa no ka reindeer. Pepehi ʻia nā ʻili o nā dia māmā i kēia manawa e like me ke kānana a ʻaʻole kūpono i nā wā a pau no ka hiamoe ʻO Gadflies e kuʻi ʻia me nā lāʻau ma nā ʻili maunu a pololei ma nā dia, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi kēia hana - he nui nā gadflies a ʻano loli lākou.
ʻIke maopopo ʻia ka pohō mai nā nahu gadfly
15. Loaʻa ka hemahema o ka reindeer āpau i ka paʻakai, no laila ʻo ka mālama maikaʻi loa no lākou ka hau i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka mimi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mimi ʻīlio. No kēlā hau, hoʻouka nā hakakā koʻikoʻi a hiki i ka nalo ʻana o nā pepeiaohao.
16. Pili ka nui o ka Reindeer i ka nohona, ka meaʻai a me nā kūlana. Ma ka awelika, he 20% ka liʻiliʻi o nā dia hanai ma mua o kā lākou mau holoholona hihiu. ʻO ka mea like, ma ka huli ʻana, hoʻonui i ka nui i ka hema - hiki i nā dia dia ʻo Far Hikina ke ʻoi aku i ka nui ma mua o nā dia e noho nei ma ka ʻAkau Hema. Hiki i ke kao wahine liʻiliʻi ke kaupaona 70 - 80 kilokika, ʻaʻole hoʻohālikelike nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa o nā dia ʻulaʻula i 300 kg i ke kaupaona.
17. Haʻaheo o kona lāhui kanaka, ua hana mua ke kānāwai lawehala Pelekane me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i nā dia i loko o nā ululāʻau aliʻi me ke akahai - e makapō wale ʻia ka lawehala. Ma hope iho, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia hana hewa, a ua hoʻouna ʻia ka poʻe hewa no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka waiwai o ka mōʻī i ka lāʻau. A ʻo "Killing the Sacred Deer" kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻole me ke dia, akā me Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman lāua ʻo Alicia Silverstone. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka papahele i ka pōʻino o Euripides "Iphigenia ma Aulis", kahi a ka mōʻī Agemnemon, i kalahala no ka hewa o ka luku ʻana i kahi doe laʻa, ua koi ʻia e pepehi i kāna kaikamahine.
18. mahalo nui ʻia ʻo Reindeer ma ka Hikina. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Shakya Muni i kekahi o kāna reincarnations kahi dia, a ua wehewehe ʻo Buddha i kāna mau aʻo i ka Deer Grove no ka manawa mua ma hope o ka mālamalama. I Iapana, manaʻo ʻia ka dia he holoholona laʻa, e like me ka bipi ma India. ʻO ka dia, kahi e loaʻa ai lākou, holoholo ma nā alanui a ʻūlū paha i nā pāka. I ke kapikala kahiko o Iapana, ʻo Naru, ke hele wāwae maoli nā dia i loko o nā bipi. ʻAe ʻia lākou e hānai iā lākou ma laila wale me nā biscuits kūikawā a me ka pōʻino o ua mea mākaʻikaʻi e kolo hū ʻole ana i kahi ʻeke o kēia mau mīkini! E holo kekahi ʻumikūmālua mau mea nani iā ia. E haehae lākou ʻaʻole wale i kahi ʻeke biscuits, akā i nā lole a me nā mea o kahi mea kōkua pōmaikaʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pakele ma ka lele ʻana, ke kiola mua i ka ʻeke.
19. He dia no kekahi o Elk. Akā, ʻo ka mea koho nui loa o ka ʻohana dia - hiki ke kaumaha ma mua o 600 kg. ʻO nā dia Pudu ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, e noho nei ma ka hema o Chile. Ua like lākou me nā lāpaki me nā pepeiaohao - kiʻekiʻe a 30 cm, ke kaumaha a 10 kg.
20. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻo Reindeer i ko lākou kaiapuni. Ua hānai maikaʻi ʻia lākou ma Australia, New Zealand, Caribbean a ʻoiai ma ka mokupuni ʻo New Guinea, kahi i kū ʻole ai ke aniau wela i kēia.
21. He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe kā ka dia. ʻO ka mea mua loa, he mau ʻīlio hae kēia. ʻAʻole weliweli lākou no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hana me nā dia nui wale. ʻO nā Wolves, kūʻē i ka manaʻo nui e pili ana i ka noʻonoʻo pono o nā mea ʻino ma ke ʻano, pepehi wale no ka meaʻai, akā no ka haʻuki wale nō hoʻi. Weliweli nā Wolverines no nā ʻōpio a me nā mea nāwaliwali. Hiki i ka bea ke pepehi wale i nā dia lapuwale a mālama ʻole inā pili kokoke ia i kahi ma ke kaʻe o ka muliwai.
22. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ka ʻimi holoholona no ka dia. I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, mai 35,000 rubles nā kumukūʻai no kahi dia makahiki hoʻokahi a i ka 250,000 no kahi kāne kāne nui. Hele nā wahine i ka pālua - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pepehi iā lākou, akā inā kū kēia, pono ʻoe e uku no ka mea make a make a uku i 70 - 80,000 rubles.
23. Inā huakaʻi ʻo Santa Claus me nā ski, a i ʻole ʻekolu mau lio, a laila holo ʻo Santa Claus ma 9 reindeer. I ka mua, mai ka makahiki 1823, i ka manawa i kākau ʻia ai ka mele "The Visit of St. Nicholas", aia he 8 reindeer. I ka makahiki 1939, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻiʻo ihu ʻulaʻula ʻo Rudolph iā lākou, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ke ala me kona ihu. ʻO nā koena o ka dia kekahi i ko lākou mau inoa, a ʻokoʻa lākou i kēlā me kēia ʻāina. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka dia, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Lightning" ma Kelemania, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Eclair" ma Palani a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻōlelo Palani o Kanada.
24. Kapa ʻia nā meaʻai reindeer i hana ʻia e nā Nenets i kapa ʻia ʻo kopalchem. He maʻalahi ka hana hana. He dia me ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa (kahi prerequisite!) Kaʻi ʻia ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i lalo i kahi poho. ʻO ke anuanu i ke anuanu he anuanu mau ia, no laila ke kino o nā dia, me he mea lā i loko o kahi ʻeke i hana ʻia i kona ʻili iho, e loli mālie. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau mahina ua mākaukau ka leʻaleʻa Nenets. Lawe ʻia ke kupapaʻu mai ka poho a kī ʻia. Hoʻopaʻahau ʻia ka hopena lepo-hina hina o ka ʻiʻo popopo a me ka momona, ʻokiʻoki ʻia i mau ʻāpana lahilahi, a ʻai ʻia e like me ka ʻoki. ʻAi wale nā kamaʻāina! ʻO ko lākou mau kino no nā kenekulia (a ʻo ke ʻano o ka kuke kuke ʻana ʻaʻole ma lalo o hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki) ua maʻa i nā lāʻau ʻona cadaveric, i lawa i loko o kēia pā. Hiki i kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ke hoʻāʻo iā Copalhem hoʻokahi wale nō, a ma hope e make ʻo ia i ka ʻehaʻeha loa.
25. I ka honua pāʻani, he mea pāʻani ka "stag" i noʻonoʻo ʻole i nā hopena o kāna hana, keu hoʻi inā pili kēia mau hopena i nā mea pāʻani o kāna hui. Ma waena o nā aristocrats, he kanaka hanohano a akamai ka "dia", mākaukau e mōhai i nā pono pilikino no ka hanohano i kona ʻike. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ʻo Athos mai The Three Musketeers. I ka pūʻali koa Soviet, ua kapa mua ʻia ʻo "reindeer" he lunamakaʻāinana o nā lāhui ʻākau i ʻike ʻole i ka Lūkini maikaʻi. Ma hope iho, hoʻolaha ka manaʻo i ka poʻe haʻahaʻa o nā koa. Aia pū ka huaʻōlelo ma ka ʻōlelo ʻōpio, akā ʻaʻohe ona ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa: ʻo "dia" kahi kanaka i maopopo ʻole i kēia pilikia. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā hakakā waha ma nā mea kūʻē e like me "He dia ʻoe, he ʻīlio hae wau."
