Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Samara ma 1586 ma ke ʻano he paʻa paʻa i loko o kahi pio koʻikoʻi o Volga ma ka hui o ka muliwai Samara. ʻO ka wikiwiki loa, ua lilo ka ikaika o ka pūʻali koa i ka waiwai nui, e like me ka laina o ka hakakā ma waena o nā Lūkini a me nā poʻe nomad i hoʻi i ka hikina a me ka hema.
Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka Puʻukaua Samara
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i palaho ʻo Samara, e like me nā pā kaua e like me nā palena kahiko o Lūkia. Ua lilo ke kūlanakauhale i wahi o ke kalepa ola, a ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi kona kūlana mai kahi mokuʻāina a hiki i ke kapikala o ka panalāʻau ʻo Samara. I Samara, kahi ala ʻāina mai ke komohana a i ka hikina a me kahi alawai mai ʻākau a i ka hema. Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke alahao ʻo Orenburg, lilo ka hoʻomohala o Samara i mea pahū.
Ma ka liʻuliʻu, ua huli ke kūlanakauhale, aia ma kahi o 1,000 mau mile mai Moscow mai, mai kahi kūlanakauhale kalepa i kikowaena kikowaena. Hana nā ʻenehana hana nui ma Samara i kēia lā. Manaʻo ʻia ke kūlanakauhale he wahi aʻo a moʻomeheu.
Mai ka 1935 a i ka makahiki 1991, ua kāhea ʻia ʻo Samara ʻo Kuibyshev no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i kekahi mea kaulana i ka ʻAha Bolshevik.
ʻO ka heluna kānaka o Samara he 1.16 miliona mau kānaka, ʻo ia ka helu ʻeiwa ma Rūsia. ʻO ka ʻike kaulana loa e pili ana i ke kūlanakauhale: ʻo ke kahua kaʻaahi ke kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo Kuibyshev Square ka mea nui loa ma ʻEulopa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoihoi wale nā nui i ka mōʻaukala a me ke au o Samara.
1. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona o Samara ka pia Zhiguli. I ka makahiki 1881, ua wehe kahi mea kālepa Austrian ʻo Alfred von Wakano i kahi hale hana pia ma Samara. Ua ʻike nui ʻo Von Wakano ʻaʻole wale e pili ana i ka pia, akā e pili ana hoʻi i nā pono hana no ka hana ʻana - hana ʻo ia ma nā breweries ma Austria a me Czech Republic, a kūʻai kūleʻa aku i nā pono pia ma Rūsia. Ua mahalo koke ʻia ka pia mai ka mea kanu Samara, a hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana e ulu a lele. I kēlā mau makahiki, "Zhigulevskoye" i manaʻo ʻia "hua ʻia ma kahi mea kanu ma Samara". Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pia o ka inoa like i ka makahiki 1930 ma ke kuhikuhi a Anastas Mikoyan, kahi alakaʻi o ka pāʻina i hana nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana meaʻai ma ka USSR. Ma ke kumu, ua noi ʻo Mikoyan no kahi hoʻomaikaʻi iki ʻana i kekahi o nā pia i hana ʻia ma ka hale kūʻai ʻo Zhiguli. ʻO ka ʻano me ka wort density of 11% a me kahi hapa nui o ka waiʻona o 2.8% i lilo i pia pia Soviet maikaʻi loa. Ua hana ʻia i loko o nā hale inu he haneli a puni ka ʻāina. Akā ʻo Zhigulevskoye ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hana ʻia ma ka mea kanu ma Samara wale nō. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai aku i loko o ka hale kūʻai kokoke i ka puka o ka hale hana, a i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻono iā ia i ka wā o ka huakaʻi o ka hale hana, he 800 rubles ke kumu kūʻai.
ʻO Alfred von Wakano - ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā kamaʻāina Samara poʻokela loa
2. I kekahi mau hale kahiko, ke kū nei i waenakonu o Samara, ʻaʻohe lako o ka wai kikowaena. Hōʻiliʻili ka poʻe i ka wai mai nā ʻūlū. Aia kahi kānalua i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kūlanakauhale ʻaʻole maopopo i kekahi mau hanauna o ko Samara mau kānaka he aha ia. Akā ʻo ka lako wai waena no nā hale a me nā hōkele ma Samara i kū i Samara i ka makahiki 1887. Wahi a ka papahana mua o ka ʻenekini Moscow ʻo Nikolai Zimin, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi wahi paipu a ua hoʻomoe ʻia nā kilomika mua o kahi paipu wai. Ua hana pū ka ʻōnaehana lako wai Samara i kahi hana ahi-ʻo ke ahi ka ʻino o Samara lāʻau. Ua helu nā mea kālepa ma muli o ka "mālama" o ka waiwai - mālama iā ia mai nā ahi - ua uku ʻia ka ʻōnaehana lako wai i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hana. Eia hou, ua hānai ka wai i nā punawai 10 kūlanakauhale a ua hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoinu i nā māla o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa ka manuahi o ka lako i ka manuahi: e like me nā kānāwai o ia manawa, he kuleana ko nā luna kūloko e hoʻonui iki i ka ʻauhau waiwai no kēia kumu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana me ka ʻōnaehana humuhumu. ʻOiai ke kaomi o ka mea nona ka hale hana Zhiguli, ʻo Alfred von Wakano, ka mea i mākaukau e fork a ʻoliʻoli i kahi mana koʻikoʻi ma Samara, ua hana nāwaliwali. I ka makahiki 1912 wale nō i hoʻomaka ai ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana humuhumu. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i nā ʻāpana a ma 1918 ua hoʻokele lākou e hoʻomoe i 35 mau kilomita o nā hōʻiliʻili a me nā paipu.
3. ʻO ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o Samara i ke kenekulia 19 i hoʻohihi i ka poʻe i ke kūlanakauhale, me ka nānā ʻole i ka lāhui. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaiāulu Katolika koʻikoʻi ma ke kūlanakauhale. Ua loaʻa koke ka palapala ʻae kūkulu, a ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe kūkulu hale e kūkulu i hale pule Kakolika. Akā i ka 1863 ua ala hou kekahi haunaele i Polani. Ua hoʻouna ʻia ka hapa nui o nā Pōhaku Samara i nā ʻāina ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, a pāpā ʻia ka kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale pule. Hoʻomau hou ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia iwakālua. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka hale pule i 1906. Ua ola ia i nā haunaele o ka lehulehu a me ke Kaua Kivila, akā ʻo ka lawelawe ma ia mea wale nō a hiki i ka waena o 1920s. A laila pani ʻia ka hale pule. I ka 1941, ua neʻe aku ka Samara Museum of Local Lore iā ia. Hoʻomaka hou nā lawelawe Katolika ma 1996 wale nō. No laila, ma mua o 100 mau makahiki o kona mōʻaukala, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Luakini o ka Puʻuwai Hemolele o Iesū no kāna kumu i manaʻo ʻia no 40 mau makahiki wale nō.
4. I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 19, ua ulu mālie ka poʻe Samara elite i ka hoihoi i ka aʻo a me ka mālamalama. Inā i ka makahiki 1852, ua pane aku ka poʻe kalepa, ʻo ia ka hapa nui o ke City Duma, me ka hōʻole hōʻole - kipi i ka hāʻawi e wehe i kahi hale paʻi ma ke kūlanakauhale, a laila ma hope o 30 mau makahiki ua ʻae ʻia ka noi e hana i kahi hale hōʻikeʻike mōʻaukala kūloko me ka ʻae ʻia. Ma Nowemapa 13, 1886, hānau ʻia ka Samara Museum of History a me Local Lore. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hōʻike mai ka honua ma kahi kaula. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich i nā mea he 14 o ka lole a me nā pōkā i nā Tureke. Ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ka mea paʻi kiʻi kaulana ʻo Alexander Vasiliev i kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā kiʻi o kahi laha lā, a pēlā aku. Ma 1896, ua neʻe ka hale hōʻikeʻike i kahi hale kaʻawale a wehe ʻia no nā kipa lehulehu. ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi ʻole a me ka mea hōʻiliʻili ʻo Konstantin Golovkin i hana nui i kona ulu ʻana. Ua hoʻopahū ʻia ʻo ia me nā kānalua ʻole me nā leka mai nā mea pena kiʻi, nā mea hōʻiliʻili a me nā mea kōkua o nā hana. He mau haneli ka nui o nā mea kamaʻilio ma kāna papa inoa. ʻAʻole i nalo makehewa nā leka - i ka pane, ua loaʻa i ka hale hōʻikeʻike nā hana he nui i hana i kahi hōʻiliʻili koʻikoʻi. I kēia manawa noho ka hale hōʻikeʻike i kahi hale nui o ka lālā ma mua o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo VI Lenin. Aia pū kekahi me nā hale hōʻikeʻike hale o Lenin a me MV Frunze, a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Art Nouveau ma ka hale nui ʻo Kurlina. ʻO ka Samara Museum of History a me Local Lore ka inoa o kona alakaʻi mua, ʻo Peter Alabin.
5. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, i ka wā o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui, ʻo Kuibyshev ke kapikala kākoʻo o ka USSR. Ma aneʻi i ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī o 1941 ua heʻe ʻia kekahi mau lawelawe a me nā keʻena, a me nā mikionali diplomasia. I ke kaua, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻelua mau hale hōʻoluʻolu nui. I kēia manawa ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo "Stalin's Bunker" a me "Kalinin's Bunker". Wehe ʻia ka puʻuhonua mua no nā kipa; ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka poʻe o waho i loko o ka "Kalinin Bunker" - mālama mau ʻia nā palapala ʻāina huna a me nā palapala ma laila. Mai ka manaʻo o ka hōʻoluʻolu o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea kūikawā nā hale malumalu - hoʻonani ʻia a hoʻolako ʻia lākou i loko o ka ʻuhane o ka Steticist asceticism maʻamau. Pili nā hale malumalu, kahi e hāpai ai i nā lono mau e pili ana i kahi kūlanakauhale nui o lalo i ʻeli ʻia ma kahi kokoke iā Samara. Ua hōʻole ʻia kekahi lono hou: ʻaʻole kūkulu ʻia nā hale hoʻomalu e nā paʻahao, akā na nā mea kūkulu manuahi mai Moscow, Kharkov a me Donbass. I ka hopena o ke kūkulu ʻana ma 1943, ʻaʻole lākou i kī ʻia, akā ua hoʻouna ʻia i kahi hana ʻē aʻe.
I ka "Stalin's Bunker"
6. ʻAʻole hānai ʻo Samara i ka hope i ka hana ʻana i nā mea inu ikaika. Ua loli mau nā aupuni ma lalo o nā ʻemepela like ʻole ma waena o kahi monopoli mokuʻāina paʻa i ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana o "ka waina i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia", ʻo ia hoʻi, vodka, a me kahi ʻōnaehana uku. I ka hihia mua, ua koho ka mokuʻāina, me ke kōkua o ka poʻe hanohano, i kēia a i ʻole i kēlā kanaka i poʻo no ke kūʻai aku o vodka ma kekahi wahi. I ka lua, ua ʻike ʻia ke kuleana e kālepa i nā keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma ke kudala - inā uku ʻoe i kekahi nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke solder a hiki i ka mokuʻāina holoʻokoʻa. Ua hele iki mākou i kahi kaulike: kūʻai aku ka mokuʻāina i ka waiʻona i ka mea nui, kūʻai aku nā mea kūʻai pilikino ma kahi kūʻai. Ua hoʻāʻo mua ʻia kēia ʻōnaehana i ʻehā mau panalāʻau, e like me Samara. I Samara, i ka makahiki 1895, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi me ke kālā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka waihona. Aia ia ma ke kihi o nā alanui ʻo Lev Tolstoy a me Nikitinskaya i kēia lā, ʻaʻole mamao mai ke kahua kaʻaahi. I ka makahiki mua ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka mākaukau hoʻolālā, ʻo ka mea kanu, kahi i hoʻopukapuka ʻia ai he 750,000 rubles, uku wale ʻia i nā dute i kēlā me kēia miliona. Ma hope mai, lawe ka Samill distillery i 11 miliona mau rubles i ka waihona i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hale Distillery
7. ʻO ke ala hou ʻana o ka moʻomeheu o ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ka Makahiki Hou me kahi kumulāʻau Kalikimaka e pili pili ʻole ʻia me Kuibyshev. I nā makahiki mua o ka mana Soviet, ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia nā kumulāʻau, akā ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hōʻailona mau loa o ke Kalikimaka a me ka makahiki hou mai ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Ma 1935 wale nō ke kākau ʻōlelo o ke Kōmike Waena o ka CPSU (b) ʻo Pavel Postyshev ma ka New Year's Eve i paʻi i kahi ʻatikala kahi i kāhea aku ai e hoʻi i nā kuʻuna lāʻau Kalikimaka, no ka mea, ʻo V. Lenin i hele mai i ka hale makua ʻole no ka lāʻau Kalikimaka. Ma hope o kaʻae ʻana o ka ʻāina, lilo hou ka lāʻau i hōʻailona no ka lā nui o ka Makahiki Hou. A ʻo Postyshev, ma hope o kekahi hana kūpono, ua koho ʻia i kākau ʻōlelo mua no ke kōmike kūloko ʻo Kuibyshev o ka CPSU (b). Akā ua hōʻea ke poʻo hou o ka ʻāina i Kuibyshev ʻaʻole me kahi lāʻau Kalikimaka a me nā makana, akā me ka makemake o ka proletarian e hakakā i nā ʻenemi o ka poʻe - ʻo 1937 ia. ʻO Trotskyist, fascist a me nā propaganda kūʻē ʻē aʻe i Kuibyshev, e like me ka Postyshev, i hālāwai ʻole me ke kūʻē. Loaʻa ʻo Postyshev i nā swastikas, nā silhouette o Trotsky, Kamenev, Zinoviev a me nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe ma nā puke kula, nā pahu hoʻokūkū a me kahi ʻoki o ka sausage. Ua hoʻomau ka ʻimi ʻumeʻume a Postyshev no hoʻokahi makahiki a hala he haneli mau ola. I ka makahiki 1938, ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia a kī ʻia. Ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻia, ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi leka o ka mihi, a ma ia mea ua ʻae ʻo ia ua hana ʻo ia i nā hana kūʻē. I 1956 Postyshev i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia.
Maliʻa paha like loa ʻo Postyshev me Stalin?
8. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hale keaka keaka ma Samara i ka makahiki 1851, a ʻo ka "Luna Nui General" kāna hana mua. ʻAʻohe o kāna wahi ponoʻī o ka hui, pāʻani lākou i ka hale o ka mea kālepa ʻo Lebedev. Ma hope o ke puhi ʻia ʻana o kēia hale, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale keaka lāʻau ma ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea mālama mai. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia, lilo kēia hale i mea ʻole a koi mau ʻia i kālā nui no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana. I ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo ka City Duma e wāwahi i ka hale a kūkulu i kahi kapena nui hou. No ka papahana ua huli lākou i kahi loea - ka mea kākau kiʻi ʻo Mikhail Chichagov, ka mea i loaʻa nā papahana no nā hale kiʻi ʻehā ma kāna moʻokāki. Ua hōʻike ka mea hoʻolālā i ka papahana, akā ua hoʻoholo ka Duma ʻaʻole kāhiko ʻia ke alo o ke alo, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hoʻonaninani i ke kaila Lūkini. Ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻo Chichagov i ka papahana a hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka hale, nona ke kumukūʻai 170,000 rubles (ʻo ke koho mua he 85,000 rubles), ua wehe ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 2, 1888. Ua makemake nā kamaʻāina o Samara i ka hale nani, e like me ke keke a i ʻole ka hale pēpē, a loaʻa ke kūlanakauhale i kahi palena ʻāina kūkulu hou.
9. ʻO Samara ke kikowaena nui o ka lewa ʻoihana. Ma aneʻi, ma ka mea ulu Holomua, i hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā rockets no ka hoʻolele ʻana i nā satellite a me ka mokulele mokulele i ka lewa. Akā a hiki i ka 2001, akā, hiki i kekahi ke kamaʻāina me ka mana o nā rockets ākea mai kahi mamao aku. A laila ua wehe ʻia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Space Samara, ʻo ka hōʻike nui o ia mau mea ʻo ka roket Soyuz. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i lalo, me he mea lā i ke kūlana hoʻomaka, kahi a ka hale hōʻikeʻike e lawelawe ai. ʻO ke ʻano Cyclopean, ʻaneʻane 70 mika ke kiʻekiʻe, nānā nani loa. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hale hōʻikeʻike pono ke kaena i ka waiwai o nā hōʻike. Ma kāna papahele ʻelua, aia kekahi mau mea o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā no nā astronauts, me nā meaʻai kaulana mai nā paipu, a me nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻenehana ākea. Akā ua hoʻokokoke loa aku nā limahana o ka hale hōʻikeʻike i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kope o ka nūpepa me kahi leka e pili ana i ka lele ākea, nā mea liʻiliʻi like ʻole me nā hōʻailona ākea, etc.
10. Aia kahi metro ma Samara. No ka wehewehe ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana pinepine i ka huaʻōlelo "bye". I kēia manawa, aia ka Samara metro i hoʻokahi laina a me 10 mau kikowaena. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka metro ma ke kahua kaʻaahi i kēia manawa. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka huakaʻi huakaʻi he 16 miliona mau ohua wale nō i kēlā me kēia makahiki (ʻo ka hōʻailona maikaʻi loa ma Rūsia). Kuhi ʻia kahi hōʻailona manawa 28 rubles, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi ma mua o ka metro wale nō i nā poʻo. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa i ka Samara metro he backlog Soviet liʻiliʻi loa. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka metro i kēia manawa koi i nā kālā hou aʻe ma mua o nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe. No laila, i kēia manawa (!) Hana ka Samara metro i kahi hana hoʻonaninani.
ʻAʻole piha ka metro ʻo Saratov
11. Ma Mei 15, 1971, ua hana ʻia kahi hanana i Kuibyshev i kēlā manawa i hiki ke kapa ʻia he hoihoi inā ʻaʻole no ka wahine i make. ʻO ke kāpena o ka moku ukana maloʻo "Volgo-Don-12" ʻo Boris Mironov i helu ʻole i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka deckhouse o kāna moku a me ka wikiwiki o ke au. Ua hoʻokau ka hale kaʻa huila ʻo "Volgo-Don-12" i kahi lōʻihi o ke alahaka kaʻa ma o Samara. ʻO ka maʻamau i kēlā mau kūlana ua ʻeha ka moku i ka pōʻino nui, akā ua hewa nā mea āpau. Ua wāwahi maoli ke ʻano palupalu o ka hale kaʻa huila i ka lōʻihi o ka paʻa o ke alahaka he ʻumi mika ka lōʻihi o ke alahaka, a hāʻule koke ʻo ia i luna o ka moku. Ua haki ka lele i ka hale kaʻa huila, e haki iā Mironov, ka mea ʻaʻohe ona manawa e lele ai i waho. Eia hou, ua haki nā keʻena ma ka ʻaoʻao hōkū. I kekahi o nā keʻena aia ka wahine a ka uila o ka moku i make ma ia wahi. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana ʻaʻole nā mea kūkulu i ke alahaka (ua wehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1954) ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono pono i ka lōʻihi o ka hāʻule. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe mea i kuleana no ka mea i hana ʻia, a hoʻokau ʻia ka lele i kahi makahiki i hala, me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻana. No laila ua iho ʻo Kuibyshev i ka mōʻaukala ma ke ʻano he kūlanakauhale wale nō kahi i hoʻopau ai kahi moku i kahi alahaka.
12. Ma hope o ka heʻe ʻana mai ʻEnelani mai, ʻo nā lālā o ka "Cambridge Five" kaulana (kahi hui o nā aristocrats ʻEnelani i hana pū me ka Soviet Union, ʻo Kim Philby ka mea i kaulana loa) ʻO Guy Burgess lāua ʻo Donald McLean i noho ma Kuibyshev. Ua aʻo ʻo McLean i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania ma ke koleke o ke kumu, ʻaʻole hana ʻo Burgess. Noho lākou i ka hale 179 ma ke Alanui Frunze. Ua hoʻomalu loa nā mākaʻi ʻelua i ka nohona Soviet. Ua hōʻea koke ka wahine a Maclean a me kāna mau keiki. ʻO Melinda McLean ke kaikamahine a kahi miliona miliona ʻAmelika, akā ua hele mālie ʻo ia i ka mākeke, holoi, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke keʻena. Ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no Burgess, akā psychologically wale nō - ma Ladana ua maʻa ʻo ia i kahi ola walaʻau, nā pāʻina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻomanawanui ʻo ia no ʻelua mau makahiki - ua hōʻea nā mākaʻikaʻi i Kuibyshev i ka makahiki 1953, a ua hoʻolaha aku lākou iā lākou i ka makahiki 1955. Ua kipa ʻia ʻo Kuibyshev lāua ʻo Kim Philby. I ka makahiki 1981, ua holoholo ʻo ia i ka Volga a hui me nā hoapili o ka KGB kūloko.
ʻO Donald lāua ʻo Melinda McLean i ka USSR
ʻO Guy Burgess
13. I ka makahiki 1918, he lā ko ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Samara, e like me ka ʻōlelo o kēia au, huli ke kalaka me ka palaoa ma ko lākou alanui. Ma ʻAukake 6, ua ʻike nā ʻulaʻula i ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o nā pūʻali koa o Konela Kappel, a ua haʻalele aku iā Kazan, me ka waiho ʻana i nā waihona gula o ka mokuʻāina Lūkia. Ua lawe aku ke keʻokeʻo i ke gula a me nā mea waiwai ma nā moku ʻekolu i Samara. Ma aneʻi ua ʻike ke aupuni kūloko, ke komite i kapa ʻia o ka ʻAha Kānāwai, e pili ana i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā ukana waiwai wale nō mai nā kāpena o nā moku. He mau kaona gula a me kālā, piliona mau rubles i loko o nā banknotes e waiho ana ma ka uapo no hoʻokahi lā, kiaʻi ʻia e kahi pūʻali koa. Ua maopopo he laha e pili ana i kēlā freebie i hoʻolaha ʻia a puni ke kūlanakauhale e like me kahi ahi ahi, a ua hoʻomaka ka hopena o ka honua ma ka pier. Eia nō naʻe, ua haʻahaʻa loa ke ʻano ʻawaʻawa i kēlā manawa, a ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻomaka e kī i ka lehulehu (hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, ʻo ka poʻe e ʻiʻini nei i ke gula e ʻānai ʻia me nā pū mīkini). Ehia mau gula i ʻaihue ʻia e nā kamaʻāina o Samara i ʻike ʻole ʻia, a hiki i ka wā i hāʻule ai i ka lima o nā White Czechs ua noʻonoʻo lākou iā ia: hoʻohui a i ʻole ua lawe ʻia he ʻumi mau tona. A ua wela koke nā kapuahi me nā banknotes ...
He laconic ʻo Kenela Kappel
14. ʻO ka mea i komo i loko o nā pio pio Kelemania i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka Soviet Union kahi mea i ʻike ʻia i nā mea āpau.Akā ma ka USSR, me Kuibyshev, hana he mau kaukani o nā Kelemania manuahi (formally), e kōkua ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mana pale o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka Junkers a me nā mea kanu BMW, mākaukau e hana i nā ʻenekini mokulele turbine gas, hāʻule i ka ʻāpana Soviet o ka hana. Hoʻomaka hou ka hana ʻana, akā i ka 1946 hoʻomaka ka poʻe kuʻikahi e kūʻē - e like me ka Potsdam ʻaelike, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā mea kaua a me nā lako koa i nā wahi o ka noho. Ua hoʻokō ka Soviet Union i ke koi - ua lawe ʻia nā limahana o nā hale hana a me nā bureaus hoʻolālā, a me kahi ʻāpana o nā pono hana, iā Kuibyshev, a hoʻonoho ʻia i ke kauhale o Upravlenchesky. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ma kahi o 700 mau loea a me 1200 mau lālā o ko lākou mau ʻohana i lawe ʻia mai. Ua komo ʻo Kelemania i aʻo ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenekini i ʻekolu mau bureaus hoʻolālā a hiki i 1954. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i huhū nui. Ua hoʻonāwaliwali ka nohona i ka maʻi o ka home. Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe Kelemania i 3,000 rubles (he 1,200 ka nui o nā ʻenekini Soviet), ua loaʻa ka manawa kūpono e hana i nā mea kūʻai aku a hana i nā kauoha ukana, noho i nā hale me nā pono āpau (hiki i kēlā manawa).
Kelemania ma Kuibyshev. ʻO ke kiʻi o kekahi o nā ʻenekini
15. Ma Pepeluali 10, 1999, hōʻike ʻia ʻo Samara ma nā nūhou āpau a ma nā ʻaoʻao mua o nā nūpepa āpau. Ma ka hola 6 o ke ahiahi, ua hōʻike ka luna o ke keʻena ʻoihana kūloko o ke kūlanakauhale i ka keʻena lawelawe ahi nāna i hoʻomaka kahi ahi i ka hale o ka mākaʻi. ʻOiai nā hana a ka poʻe kinai ahi, ua hiki nō ke huli i ke ahi ma hope o 5 mau hola, a pio wale ke ahi ma ka hapalua hola ʻelima o ke kakahiaka. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ke ahi, a mai ka ʻona hoʻi e nā huahana puhi a mai nā ʻeha i loaʻa i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e pakele mai ka hale kuni (lele ka poʻe i waho o nā puka aniani o nā papa kiʻekiʻe), ua make he 57 mau mākaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa ka lōʻihi, i ka hopena ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke ahi me kahi puʻupuʻu kūlohelohe ʻole i kiola ʻia i loko o kahi pahu ʻōpala i ke keʻena No. 75, aia ma ka papahele ʻelua o ka hale GUVD. A laila ua kī ʻia ke ahi ma luna o nā papahele. ʻO kēia mau kaupaku he ʻelua papa lāʻau, ʻo ka hakahaka ma waena o ia mea i piha i nā ʻōpala like ʻole i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ke ahi, ʻaʻole like me ka wela, pālahalaha loa i lalo, no laila ua haʻalulu loa ka mana o ka hoʻokolokolo. Ua hoʻomaopopo ka Office of Prosecutor General i kēia. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻoholo e pani i ka hihia, a hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo a hiki i kēia lā.
