ʻO Evariste Galois (1811-1832) - Palani makemakika, hoʻokumu o algebra kiʻekiʻe ʻoi loa, repubalika rebolika radical. Ua kī ʻia ʻo ia i kahi duel i ka makahiki 20.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo moʻomanaʻo ʻo Galois, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Evariste Galois.
ʻO Galois biography
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Evarist Galois ma ka lā 25 ʻOkakopa 1811 ma ke kaona ʻo Palani o la-Rene. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi repubalika a me ka meia o ke kūlanakauhale, ʻo Nicolas-Gabriel Galois a me kāna wahine ʻo Adelaide-Marie Demant.
Ma waho o Evariste, ua hānau ʻia he ʻelua mau keiki hou aʻe ma ka ʻohana Galois.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
A hiki i ka makahiki 12, ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Evariste ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kona makuahine, ka mea kamaʻāina i nā puke moʻokalaleo.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua komo ke keiki i ka Royal College o Louis-le-Grand. I ka piha ʻana iā 14 o kona mau makahiki, ua nui kona hoihoi i ka makemakika.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Galois e hoʻopaʻa i nā hana like ʻole i ka makemakika, me nā hana a Niels Abelard ma ke kahua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaulike o ke kekelē arbitrary. Ua komo hohonu ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻepekema a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i kāna noiʻi ponoʻī.
I ka makahiki 17 o Evariste, ua paʻi ʻo ia i kāna hana mua. Eia nō naʻe, i kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole i hōʻeuʻeu kāna moʻomeheu i kekahi hoihoi i waena o nā makemakika.
ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kāna mau hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pae o ka ʻike o nā kumu. Kākaʻikahi ʻo ia e hoʻokomo i nā manaʻo i maopopo iā ia ma ka pepa me ka ʻike ʻole ʻaʻole maopopo ia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻonaʻauao
I ka manawa i hoʻāʻo ai ʻo Évariste Galois e komo i ka Ecole Polytechnique, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻolilo i ka hōʻike i ʻelua mau manawa. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he mea nui ia nona e komo i kēia ʻoihana kūikawā, ʻoiai he puʻuhonua ia no nā Repubalika.
No ka manawa mua, nā hoʻoholo laconic a ke kanaka ʻōpio a me ka nele o nā wehewehe waha i alakaʻi ʻia i ka holomua o ka hōʻike. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hōʻole ʻia ʻo ia e komo i ke kula no ke kumu like i huhū ai ʻo ia.
I ka hopohopo, hoʻolei ʻo Evariste i kahi ʻāwaha i ka mea nānā. Ma hope o kēlā ua hoʻouna ʻo ia i kāna hana i ka makemakika Palani kaulana Cauchy. Ua mahalo ʻo ia i nā hoʻoholo a ke kanaka, akā ʻaʻole i hiki ka hana i ka Paris Academy no ka hoʻokūkū o nā hana makemakika, ʻoiai ua nalowale ʻo Cauchy.
I ka makahiki 1829, ua paʻi kahi Jesuit i nā puke liʻiliʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia na ka makuakāne o Evariste i kākau (ua kaulana ʻo Nicholas-Gabriel Galois no ke kākau ʻana i nā puke liʻiliʻi). ʻAʻole hiki ke kū i ka hilahila, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Galois Sr. e hoʻopau i kona ola.
I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua lilo ʻo Evariste i haumāna no ke kula ʻo Higher Normal. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka makahiki 1 o ke aʻo ʻana, kipaku ʻia ke kāne mai ke kula, no kona komo ʻana i nā haʻiʻōlelo politika o ka ʻaoʻao repubalika.
ʻAʻole i kū ma laila nā hemahema o Galois. I kona hoʻouna ʻana i ka hana me kāna mau ʻike iā Fourier e komo i ka hoʻokūkū no ka makana o ka Academy of memoirs, ua make ʻo ia i kekahi mau lā ma hope.
Ua nalowale ka palapala o ka makemakika ʻōpio ma kahi a ua lilo ʻo ʻAbela i mea lanakila i ka hoʻokūkū.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua haʻi aku ʻo Evariste i kona mau manaʻo me Poisson, ka mea i kūʻē i ka hana a ke kāne. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo kā Galois mau manaʻo e nele i ka maopopo a me ka nui.
Ua hoʻomau ʻo Evarist i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā manaʻo o ka Lepupalika, no ka mea ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i ka hale paʻahao no nā manawa pōkole.
I loko o kāna paʻahao hope loa, ua maʻi ʻo Galois, e pili ana i ia mea i lawe ʻia i kahi haukapila. Ma laila ʻo ia i launa ai me kahi kaikamahine ʻo Stephanie ka inoa, ʻo ia ke kaikamahine a ke kauka ʻo Jean-Louis ka inoa.
ʻAʻole kāpae ka mea kākau moʻolelo a Evariste i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka nele o ka pānaʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o Stephanie ke kumu nui o ka make weliweli o ka ʻepekema akamai.
Nā hana ʻepekema
No 20 mau makahiki o kona ola a me 4 mau makahiki o ke kuko no ka makemakika, ua hiki ʻo Galois e hana i nā mea hou i ʻike ʻia, mahalo iā ia i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā makemakika poʻokela ʻoi loa o ka 19 kenekulia.
Ua aʻo ke kanaka i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hopena maʻamau i kahi kaulike o ke kēkelē laʻana, e ʻike nei i ke kūlana kūpono no nā aʻa o ka hoʻohālikelike e ʻae ai i ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā radicals.
I ka manawa like, nā ala hou a Evarist i loaʻa ai nā hāʻina e kūpono i ka nānā nui.
Ua hoʻokumu ke ʻepekema ʻepekema i nā kumu o ka algebra o kēia ao, e puka ana i nā manaʻo nui e like me kahi hui (ʻo Galois ka mea mua e hoʻohana i kēia huaʻōlelo, ke aʻo ikaika nei i nā hui symmetric) a me kahi māla (kapa ʻia nā māina palena he mau māla Galois).
Ma ka lā o kona make ʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Evarist i kekahi mau o kāna aʻo ʻana. Ma ka laulaha, heʻuʻuku kāna mau hana a kākau ʻia pōkole loa, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻomaopopo ʻole ai ka poʻe o Galois i ka manaʻo nui o kēia mea.
Ma hope wale nō o nā makahiki he hala ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka ʻepekema, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia kāna mau mea i ʻike ai a ʻōlelo ʻia e Joseph Louisville. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokumu nā hana a Evariste i ke kumu no kahi ʻaoʻao hou - ke kumumanaʻo o nā hanana algebraic abstract.
I nā makahiki aʻe, ua loaʻa ka manaʻo o Galois i ke kaulana, e lawe ana i ka makemakika i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Make
Ua ʻeha ʻeha ʻo Evariste i kahi duel i mālama ʻia ma Mei 30, 1862 kokoke i kekahi o nā waihona wai o Palisa.
Manaʻo ʻia he kumu aloha ke kumu o ka paio, akā he mea hoʻonāukiuki paha ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā aliʻi wahine.
Ua kī kekahi i nā duelists mai kahi mamao o kekahi mau mika. Kau ka poka i ka makemakika ma ka ʻōpū.
I kekahi mau hola ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻeha ʻo Galois e kahi mea kū i kōkua iā ia e hele i ka haukapila.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema a hiki i kēia lā ke ʻōlelo me ka maopopo e pili ana i nā kumu maoli o ka duel, a ʻike pū i ka inoa o ka mea pana.
Ua make ʻo Evariste Galois i ka lā aʻe, Mei 31, 1832, i ka makahiki 20.
Na Evariste Galois kiʻi
