ʻO Kurt Friedrich Gödel (1906-1978) - Lūkini Austrian, makemakika a me akeakamai o ka makemakika. Ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kaulana loa ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā theorem pono ʻole, kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka manaʻo o nā hoʻokumu o ka makemakika. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea noʻonoʻo nui o ka 20 mau kenekulia.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Gödel, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, eia kahi moʻolelo pōkole e pili ana iā Kurt Gödel.
Kawaihae o Gödel
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Kurt Gödel ma ka lā 28 ʻApelila 1906 ma ke kūlanakauhale Austro-Hungarian o Brunn (ʻo Brno, Czech Republic). Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o ke poʻo o kahi hale hana lole, ʻo Rudolf Gödel. He kaikaina kona i ka inoa o kona makuakāne.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Gödel e ka hilahila, ka noho kaʻawale, ka hypochondria a me ka kānalua nui. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻo ia i loko ona i nā ʻano hoʻomalule ʻano ʻē, a laila ia i ʻeha ai a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoiai i ka wā wela, ua hoʻomau ʻo Kurt e komo i nā kapa mehana a me nā mikena, no ka mea, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻole ʻo ia he puʻuwai nāwaliwali kāna.
Ma ke kula, ua hōʻike ʻo Gödel i ka hiki ke aʻo i nā ʻōlelo. Ma waho o kāna kamaʻāina Kelemania, ua hoʻokele ʻo ia i ka haku Pelekane a me Palani.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palapala hōʻoia, ua lilo ʻo Kurt i haumāna ma ke Kulanui o Vienna. Maʻaneʻi ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka physics no 2 mau makahiki, a ma hope ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka makemakika.
Mai ka makahiki 1926, he lālā ʻo ke kāne o ka Vienna Philosophical Circle of Neopositivists, kahi i hōʻike ai ʻo ia i ka hoihoi nui loa i ka loiloi makemakika a me ke kumumanaʻo hōʻoia. 4 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua pale aku ʻo ia i kāna pepa kākau no ke kumuhana "Ma ka piha ʻana o ka calculus logical", e hoʻomaka ana e aʻo ma kāna kula nui.
Ka hana ʻepekema
I ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻepekema ʻo David Hilbert e axiomatize i nā makemakika āpau. E hana i kēia, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia i ke kūlike a me ka piha piha o ka helu o nā helu kūlohelohe.
I ka hāʻule o 1930, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻahaʻōlelo ma Konigsberg, kahi i hele ʻia e nā makemakika kaulana. Ma laila ʻo Kurt Gödel i hōʻike ai i 2 mau manaʻo piha ʻole i hōʻike e pili ana i ka hala ʻole o ko Hilbert manaʻo.
I kāna kamaʻilio ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kurt no kēlā me kēia koho o nā axioms o ka helu, aia nā manaʻo i hiki ʻole ke hōʻoia a hōʻole ʻia paha e nā hana maʻalahi i hāʻawi ʻia e Hilbert, a he hōʻike maʻalahi hoʻi o ka likelika o ka helu ʻana he hiki ʻole.
He mea kupaianaha nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa a Gödel, a ma muli o ke kaulana a puni ka honua i ka pō. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā manaʻo o David Hilbert, ka mea i ʻike pū i ka pono o Kurt.
ʻO Gödel kahi mea loea a me ka mea akeakamai o ka ʻepekema. I ka makahiki 1931 ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia a hōʻoia i kāna mau mele piha ʻole.
I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua loaʻa iā Kurt nā hopena kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka kuhiakau Cantor hoʻomau. Ua kūleʻa ʻo ia i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hōʻole ʻana i ke kuhiakau hoʻomau i hiki ʻole ke hōʻoia ʻia i nā axiomatics maʻamau o ke ʻano manaʻo. Eia hou, ua hana nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā axiomatics o ka manaʻo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.
I 1940, ua neʻe ka ʻepekema i United States, kahi i loaʻa maʻalahi ai kahi kūlana ma ka Princeton Institute no Advanced Study. Ma hope o 13 mau makahiki, ua lilo ʻo ia i polopeka.
I ka manawa o ka moʻolelo pilikino, ua loaʻa iā Kurt Gödel kahi passport ʻAmelika. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai i ka wā e ninaninau ʻia ai, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole i ke kumukānāwai ʻAmelika ʻaʻole e hōʻoia i ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka dictatorhip, akā ua kāohi koke ʻia me ka maʻalea.
ʻO Gödel ka mea kākau o nā hana he nui ma ka geometry ʻokoʻa a me ka physics theoretical. Ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi pepa e pili ana i ka laulima nui, kahi i hōʻike ai ʻo ia i kahi ala e hoʻoponopono ai i nā kaulike a Einstein.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kurt e hiki ke kahe i ke kahe o ka manawa ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa (metric a Gödel), ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i ka manawa no ka huakaʻi manawa.
Ua kamaʻilio ʻo Kurt me Einstein no ke koena o kona ola. Ua kamaʻilio lōʻihi nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka physics, politika a me ke akeakamai. ʻO kekahi mau hana a Gödel e pili ana i ke kumumanaʻo o ke aloha hou ʻia ka hopena o ia mau kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana.
12 mau makahiki ma hope o ka make ʻana o Gödel, ua paʻi ʻia kahi hōʻiliʻili o kāna mau palapala kākau i hoʻopuka ʻole ʻia. Ua hāpai ʻia nā nīnau akeakamai, nā mōʻaukala, nā ʻepekema a me nā nīnau theological.
Ke ola pilikino
Ma ka pō o ke Kaua Honua II (1939-1945), ua haʻalele ʻo Kurt Gödel me ka hana ʻole, no ka mea, no ka hoʻohui ʻāina o ʻAukekulia iā Kelemania, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea nui ma ke kula nui.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua kāhea ʻia ka ʻepekema nona ka makahiki 32 no ka lawelawe ʻana, ma muli o ka hopena ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e neʻe wikiwiki.
I kēlā manawa, ke aloha nei ʻo Kurt i kahi mea hulahula ʻo Adele Porkert ka mea āna i male ai ma 1938. ʻAʻohe keiki ma kēia male.
Ma mua o ka male ʻana, ua ʻeha ʻo Gödel i nā pilikia noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi. Ua hopohopo pinepine ʻo ia e pili ana i kahi mea kūpono ʻole, hōʻike i ka kānalua maʻamau, a ua ʻeha pū kekahi i nā haʻalulu makaʻu.
Ua hopohopo ʻo Kurt Gödel e pili ana i ka lāʻau make. Ua kōkua ʻo Adele iā ia e kū i nā pilikia psychological. Ua hōʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i ka makemakika a me ka hānai ʻana iā ia i ka wā e moe luhi ai i loko o kona wahi moe.
Ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i ʻAmelika, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia ʻo Gödel e ka manaʻo hiki ke ʻona ʻia e ka carbon monoxide. ʻO ka hopena, ua hemo ʻo ia i ka pahu hau a me ka radiator. Ua hoʻomau ʻia kāna pulakaumaka me ke ea hou a me nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka pahu hau a hiki i kona make ʻana.
Nā makahiki i hala a me ka make
I kekahi mau makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi o Gödel. Ua ʻeha ʻo ia i nā hallucination a hilinaʻi ʻole i nā kauka a me nā hoa hana.
I ka 1976, ua ikaika ka paranoia o Gödel a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻenemi i kāna wahine pū kekahi. Ua mālama pinepine ʻia ʻo ia i nā haukapila, akā ʻaʻole kēia i hāʻawi i nā hopena i ʻike ʻia.
I kēlā manawa, ua hōʻino ʻia ke olakino ʻo Adele, no ia kumu i hōʻola ʻia ʻo ia i ka haukapila. Ua luhi ʻo Kurt i ka noʻonoʻo a me ke kino. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, kaupaona ʻo ia ma lalo o 30 kg.
Ua make ʻo Kurt Gödel ma ka lā 14 o Ianuali 1978 ma Princeton i ka makahiki 71. ʻO kona make i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka "malnutrisi a me ke kino ʻole" i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi "ʻano pilikino."
Nā kiʻi ʻo Gödel
