ʻO Francois VI de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) - Palani mea kākau, mea hoʻomanaʻo a mea kākau o nā hana akeakamai a me nā hana pono. No ka ʻohana Farani hema o La Rochefoucauld. Koa Fronde.
I ke ola o kona makuakāne (a hiki i 1650), ua loaʻa iā Prince de Marsillac ka inoa o ka ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka moʻopuna moʻopuna a kēlā François de La Rochefoucauld i pepehi ʻia i ka pō o St. Bartholomew.
ʻO kā La Rochefoucauld ʻike ola i hopena i ka Maxims - kahi hōʻuluʻulu ʻāpana o nā aphorism e hana i kahi code integral o ka filosofia o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO Maxims ka puke punahele a nā poʻe koʻikoʻi he nui, e like me Leo Tolstoy.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻomeheu o La Rochefoucauld, a mākou e kūkākūkā ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou he moʻolelo pōkole o François de La Rochefoucauld.
Kawaihae o La Rochefoucauld
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo François ma ka lā 15 Kepakemapa 1613 ma Palisa. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o Duke François 5 de La Rochefoucauld a me kāna wahine ʻo Gabriella du Plessis-Liancourt.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Francois i kāna wā kamaliʻi holoʻokoʻa i ka hale aliʻi ʻohana Verteil. ʻO ka ʻohana La Rochefoucauld, kahi i hānau ʻia ai he 12 mau keiki, he loaʻa kālā kūpono loa. Ua aʻo ʻia ka mea kākau e hiki mai ana ma ke ʻano he aliʻi hanohano o kona au, kahi e kau nei ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻoihana koa a me ka ʻimi holoholona.
Eia nō naʻe, mahalo i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana iā ia iho, ua lilo ʻo François i kanaka akamai loa i ka ʻāina. Ua hele mua ʻo ia i ke aloaliʻi ma ka makahiki 17. Me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pūʻali koa maikaʻi, ua komo ʻo ia i loko o kekahi mau kaua.
Ua komo ʻo La Rochefoucauld i loko o ke kaua kaulana ʻo kanakolu makahiki (1618-1648), a ma kekahi ala a i ʻole ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā mokuʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. Ma ke ala, ua hoʻomaka ka hakakā pūʻali koa ma ke ʻano he hakakā haipule ma waena o nā Protestant a me nā Katolika, akā ma hope ua ulu aʻe i kahi hakakā e kūʻē i ka noho aliʻi Habsburg ma ʻEulopa.
Ua kūʻē ʻo François de La Rochefoucauld i ke kulekele a Cardinal Richelieu, a laila ʻo Cardinal Mazarin, e kākoʻo ana i nā hana a ka Mōʻīwahine Anne o ʻAsuria.
Ke komo ʻana i nā kaua a me ka lawe pio ʻana
I ka manawa o ke kāne ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ka noho kiaʻāina o ka moku ʻo Poitou. Ma ka moʻolelo o 1648-1653. Ua komo ʻo La Rochefoucauld i ka neʻe Fronde - kahi hanana kūʻē kūʻē i ke aupuni ma Palani, ka mea i kū maoli i kahi kaua kīwila.
I ka waenakonu o 1652, ua hakakā ʻo François e hakakā ana i ka pūʻali koa aliʻi, a kīloi ʻia ka maka a aneane makapō. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o Louis XIV i loko o Paris kipi a me ka fiasco haki o ka Fronde, ua lawe pio ʻia ka mea kākau i Angumua.
ʻOiai ma ka lawe pio ʻana, ua hiki iā La Rochefoucauld ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kona olakino. Ma laila ʻo ia i hana ai i ka mālama hale, a me ke kākau ʻana i ka hana. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ia i loko o kēlā wā o kāna moʻomeheu i hana ai ʻo ia i kāna "Memoirs" kaulana.
I ka hala ʻana o 1650, ua kala piha ʻia ʻo François, a ʻae iā ia e hoʻi i Palisa. I ke kapitala, ua hoʻomaka kāna mau hana e hoʻomaikaʻi. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua koho ka mōʻī i ka mea akeakamai i kahi penihana nui, a hāʻawi i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe i kāna mau keiki kāne.
I ka makahiki 1659, ua hōʻike ʻo La Rochefoucauld i kāna kiʻi paʻi ponoʻī, kahi āna i wehewehe ai i nā ʻano nui. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he kanaka melancholic ʻaʻole iki ʻakaʻaka a noʻonoʻo pinepine.
Ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo François de La Rochefoucauld he manaʻo kona. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ona manaʻo kiʻekiʻe iā ia iho, akā ua hōʻike wale i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kāna moʻomeheu.
Palapala
ʻO ka hana nui mua a ka mea kākau ʻo "Memoirs", kahi, e like me ka mea kākau, i manaʻo wale ʻia no kahi pōʻai kokoke o ka poʻe, ʻaʻole no ka lehulehu. He kumu waiwai kēia hana mai ka wā Fronde.
Ma Memoirs, ua wehewehe akamai ʻo La Rochefoucauld i kahi hanana o ka hanana politika a me ka pūʻali koa, ʻoiai e ʻimi nei e lilo i pahuhopu. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ʻo ia i hoʻomaikaʻi i kekahi o nā hana a Cardinal Richelieu.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka kaulana o ka honua ʻo Francois de La Rochefoucauld i lawe ʻia e kāna "Maxims", a i ʻole i nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi aphorism, e hōʻike ana i ka naʻauao kūpono. Ua paʻi ʻia ka paʻi mua o ka hōʻiliʻili me ka ʻike ʻole o ka mea kākau ma 1664 a loaʻa he 188 aphorism.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua paʻi ʻia ka puke a ka mea kākau mua o "Maxim", a ʻo 317 mau ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ola o La Rochefoucauld, 4 mau hōʻiliʻili hou aʻe i paʻi ʻia, a ʻo ka mea hope loa i piha nā 500 maxims.
Kanalua loa kahi kāne e pili ana i ke ʻano kanaka. ʻO kāna aphorism nui: "ʻO kā mākou mau hana maikaʻi ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā lawehala."
He mea kūpono ia e ʻike ua ʻike ʻo François i ka manaʻo pilikino a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pahuhopu ponoʻī i ka puʻuwai o nā hana a ke kanaka. I kāna mau ʻōlelo, hōʻike ʻo ia i nā lawehala o ka poʻe i kahi ʻano pololei a ʻona hoʻi, e huli pinepine nei i ka cynicism.
Ua hōʻike hemolele ʻo La Rochefoucauld i kona mau manaʻo i ka aphorism e hiki mai ana:
He mea pīhoihoi i ka Lūkini ka "Maxims" o ka Palani i hōʻike wale ʻia i ka kenekulia 18, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paʻa kā lākou ʻōlelo. I ka 1908, ua paʻi ʻia nā koina a La Rochefoucauld mahalo i nā hana a Leo Tolstoy. Ma ke ala, ua kamaʻilio nui ka mea akeakamai ʻo Friedrich Nietzsche i ka hana a ka mea kākau, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia e kāna loina, akā me kāna ʻano kākau.
Ke ola pilikino
Ua male ʻo François de La Rochefoucauld iā Andre de Vivonne i ka makahiki 14. I loko o kēia male, he 3 mau kaikamahine a lāua - ʻo Henrietta, ʻo Françoise lāua ʻo Marie Catherine, a me ʻelima mau keikikāne - ʻo François, Charles, Henri Achilles, ʻo Jean Baptiste lāua ʻo Alexander.
I loko o nā makahiki o kāna pilikino pilikino, he nui nā haku wahine a La Rochefoucauld. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi ua pili ʻo ia me ka Duchess de Longueville, ka mea i male iā Prince Henry II.
Ma ke ʻano he hopena o kā lāua pili, hānau ʻia ke keiki kāne ʻole ʻo Charles Paris de Longueville. He pīhoihoi ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokūkū no ka noho aliʻi Polani.
Make
Ua make ʻo François de La Rochefoucauld ma Malaki 17, 1680 i ka makahiki 66. Ua pouli kona mau makahiki hope o ke ola i ka make ʻana o kāna keiki kāne a me nā maʻi.
Nā kiʻi La La Rochefoucauld
