Leonid Kravchuk

Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk (hānau 1934) - Soviet a me ʻaoʻao Ukrainian, alakaʻi mokuʻāina a me ka politika, pelekikena 1st o Ukraine kūʻokoʻa (1991-1994). Ka Hope o ka Poʻe o ka Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada o 1-4 hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo. ʻO ka lālā o ka CPSU (1958-1991) a me ka lālā o ka SDPU (u) ma 1998-2009, ka moho o nā ʻepekema ʻepekema.

Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino o Kravchuk, a mākou e kūkākūkā ai i kēia ʻatikala.

No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Leonid Kravchuk.

Mōʻaukala o Kravchuk

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Leonid Kravchuk ma Ianuali 10, 1934 ma ke kauhale o Veliky Zhitin, aia ma kahi mamao loa mai Rovno. Ua ulu ʻo ia i loko o kahi ʻohana mahiʻai maʻalahi o Makar Alekseevich a me kāna wahine ʻo Efimia Ivanovna.

I ka wā o ka pelekikena e hiki mai ana ma kahi o 7 mau makahiki, ua hū ke Kaua Nui Patriotic (1941-1945), a ʻo kahi hopena ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Kravchuk Sr. i mua. Ua make ua kanaka nei i ka makahiki 1944 a ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia i kahi ilina nui ma Belarus. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, male hou ka makuahine o Leonid.

Ma hope o ke kula, ua hoʻoholo kūleʻa ke kanaka ʻōpio i nā hōʻike ma ke kula kūloko a me ke kula ʻenehana kōkua. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā māka kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻano hoʻopaʻapaʻa āpau, no laila ua puka ʻo ia me nā hanohano mai kahi ʻoihana aʻo.

A laila lilo ʻo Leonid Kravchuk i haumana no ke Kulanui Mokuʻāina ʻo Kiev me kahi kekelē ma ka Economy Political. Ma ʻaneʻi ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ke kūlana o ka mea hoʻonohonoho ʻo Komsomol o ka papa, akā hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope ua hōʻole ʻo ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i makemake e "hulahula i ke kani" o ka mea hoʻolauleʻa pāʻina.

Wahi a Kravchuk, i loko o kāna mau makahiki haumāna pono ʻo ia e loaʻa kālā ma ke ʻano he loader. Eia naʻe, noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i kēlā manawa manawa kekahi o ka hauʻoli loa i kāna moʻomeheu.

ʻOihana a me ka politika

I kona lilo ʻana i loea i hōʻoia ʻia, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Leonid e aʻo ma ke Kulanui Waiwai ʻo Chernivtsi, kahi āna i hana ai ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. Mai ka 1960 a hiki i ka 1967 he mea aʻoaʻo aʻoaʻo aʻoaʻo ma ka House of Political Education.

Hāʻawi ke kanaka i nā haʻiʻōlelo a alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana o ka hoʻonāukiuki a me ka propaganda o ka Chernivtsi Regional Committee o ka Communist Party. Ma 1970 ua pale maikaʻi ʻo ia i kāna Ph.D. thesis ma ke kumu o ka loaʻa kālā ma lalo o ka nohona.

I nā makahiki 18 e hiki mai ana, neʻe wikiwiki ʻo Kravchuk i ka ʻanuʻu ʻoihana. A ʻo kahi hopena, a i ka makahiki 1988, ua kū aʻe ʻo ia i luna o ke poʻo o ka ʻaoʻao propaganda o ka Central Committee o ka Communist Party o Ukraine. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai i ka wā i hele mai kahi politika i kona makuahine, he wahine haipule ia, ua noho ʻo ia i mua o nā kiʻi ma kāna noi.

I nā makahiki 80, ua komo ʻo Leonid Makarovich i ke kākau ʻana i kekahi mau puke i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka manaʻo, nā hana waiwai o ka poʻe Soviet, patriotism a me ka inviolability o ka USSR. I ka hala ʻana o 80s ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka nūpepa "Evening Kiev", ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi kūkā kūkākūkā me nā mea kākoʻo i ke kūʻokoʻa o Ukraine.

Ma ka moʻolelo pilikino 1989-1991. Ua mālama ʻo Kravchuk i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke aupuni: lālā o ka Politburo, ke kākau ʻōlelo ʻelua o ka ʻaoʻao Komunista o Ukraine, ka hope o ka Soviet Soviet kiʻekiʻe o ka SSR Ukrainian a me ka lālā o ka CPSU. Ma hope o ka kau ʻia kaulana o ʻAukake putch, ua haʻalele ka mea kālaiʻāina i ka pae o ka Communist Party o ka Soviet Union, e pūlima ana ma ʻAukake 24, 1991 ke kānāwai o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kūʻokoʻa o Ukraine.

Mai kēlā manawa, ua lilo ʻo Leonid Kravchuk i lunahoomalu no ka Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope mai, ua kauoha ʻo ia e pāpā i nā hana o ka Communist Party ma ka mokuʻāina, mahalo iā ia i hana ai i kahi ʻoihana.

Pelekikena o Ukraine

Ua mālama ʻo Leonid Makarovich i ka pelekikena no 2.5 mau makahiki. Ua hele ʻo ia i ke koho balota ma ke ʻano moho ʻaoʻao ʻole. Ua noi ke kāne i ke kākoʻo o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 61% o nā ʻUkonia, ma muli o ka hopena i lilo ʻo ia i pelekikena o Ukraine ma Kekemapa 1, 1991.

I hoʻokahi pule ma hope o kāna koho balota, ua kau inoa ʻo Kravchuk i ka ʻaelike Belovezhskaya e pili ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka noho ʻana o ka USSR. Ma waho ona, ua pūlima ʻia ka palapala e ka Pelekikena o ka RSFSR Boris Yeltsin a me ke poʻo o Belarus Stanislav Shushkevich.

Wahi a nā loea kālaiʻāina, ʻo Leonid Kravchuk ka mea i hoʻomaka mua i ka hāʻule o ka USSR. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hoʻokūpaʻa maoli ʻia kēia ʻōlelo e ka pelekikena mua ponoʻī, e ʻōlelo ana ua lilo ka poʻe Ukrainian i "gravedigger" o ka Soviet Union.

Ua loaʻa i ka pelekikena o Kravchuk nā hōʻike loiloi. Ma waena o kāna mau mea i kū ai ka kūʻokoʻa o Ukraine, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana pāʻina a me ka ʻae ʻia o ka Code ʻāina. Ma waena o nā kūleʻa ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka ilihune ʻana o nā ʻUkonia.

Ma muli o ka ulu nui ʻana o ka pilikia ma ka mokuʻāina, ua ʻae ʻo Leonid Makarovich i nā koho balota mua, a ʻo Leonid Kuchma ka mea lanakila. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo Kuchma e lilo i pelekikena wale nō i ka mōʻaukala o Ukraine kūʻokoʻa nāna i lawelawe no 2 mau kau.

Ma hope o ka pelekikena

Ua koho ʻia ʻo Kravchuk ʻekolu mau manawa (i ka 1994, 1998 a me 2002) ma ke ʻano he hope o ka Verkhovna Rada. I ka manawa 1998-2006. he lālā ʻo ia o ke alakaʻi o ka Social Democratic Party o Ukraine.

Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻāina ʻana o Crimea iā Lūkia, ua ʻōlelo pinepine ka mea kālaiʻāina he pono nō e hakakā ka poʻe Ukraine me ka mea hoʻouka kaua. I ka 2016, ua noi ʻo ia e hāʻawi i ka mana kūʻokoʻa i ka peninsula ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o Ukraine, a me Donbass i kahi "kūlana kūikawā".

Ke ola pilikino

Ua male ʻia ʻo Leonid Kravchuk iā Antonina Mikhailovna, ka mea āna i launa ai i loko o kāna mau makahiki haumāna. Ua male ka poʻe ʻōpio ma 1957.

He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea i koho ʻia o ka pelekikena o mua he moho o nā ʻepekema waiwai. I kēia hui ʻana, he keiki kāne kā lāua, ʻo Alexander. I kēia lā ʻo Alexander i ka ʻoihana.

Wahi a Kravchuk, i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻohana ʻo ia i 100 g vodka "no ke olakino", a hele pū i ka hale ʻauʻau i kēlā me kēia pule. I ke kauwela o 2011, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻoki kino e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kāna ʻike ma ka pani ʻana i nā aniani o kona maka hema.

I ka 2017, ua wehe ka luna politika i ka pālau mai nā moku. He hoihoi ia i loko o kekahi o nā nīnauele ua hoʻomākeʻaka ʻo ia i nā hana a me nā hana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e like me ka nānā loea maʻamau. Ma loko o nā makahiki o kāna moʻomeheu, ua lilo ʻo Kravchuk i mea kākau ma mua o 500 mau ʻatikala.

ʻO Leonid Kravchuk i kēia lā

Pili mau ʻo Leonid Kravchuk i ka politika, e ʻōlelo nei i nā hanana like ʻole ma Ukraine a ma ka honua hoʻi. Ua hopohopo nui ʻo ia e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻāina o Crimea a me ke kūlana ma Donbas.

He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he kākoʻo ke kāne i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kamaʻilio ma waena o Kiev a me nā ʻelele o ka LPR / DPR, ʻoiai he poʻe komo lākou i nā ʻaelike Minsk. Loaʻa iā ia kahi pūnaewele kūhelu a me kahi ʻaoʻao Facebook.