Edward Joseph Snowden (hānau 1983) - He loea loea ʻAmelika a me kahi ʻākena kūikawā, limahana o ka CIA a me ka US National Security Agency (NSA).
I ke kauwela o 2013, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka pāpāho Pelekane a me ʻAmelika i ka ʻike pili o ka NSA e pili ana i ka nānā nui ʻana i nā kamaʻilio ʻike ma waena o nā kamaʻāina o nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua e nā lawelawe ʻike ʻike ʻAmelika.
Wahi a ka Pentagon, ʻaihue ʻo Snowden i nā faila hoʻolaha koʻikoʻi he 1,7 miliona, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea e pili ana i nā hana koa nui. No kēia kumu, ua kau ʻia ʻo ia i ka papa inoa makemake ʻia e ka aupuni US.
Nui nā mea hoihoi i ka moʻolelo pilikino a Snowden, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Edward Snowden.
ʻO kā biography a Snowden
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Edward Snowden ma Iune 21, 1983 ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i ka ʻohana o Coast Guard ʻo Lonnie Snowden a me kāna wahine, ʻo Elizabeth, he loio lākou. Ma waho o Edward, he kaikamahine kāna mau mākua ʻo Jessica ka inoa.
Pau nā kamaliʻi o Snowden i Elizabeth City, a laila ma Maryland, kokoke i ke keʻena nui o ka NSA. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāna aʻo ʻana i ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna mau aʻo ʻana ma ke koleke, kahi āna i haku ai i ka ʻepekema lolouila.
Ma hope mai, ua lilo ʻo Edward i haumāna ma ke Kulanui o Liverpool, e loaʻa ana ke kekelē laeoʻo i ka makahiki 2011. I ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka pūʻali koa, kahi i loaʻa iā ia kahi hanana maikaʻi ʻole. I ka wā o ka hoʻolālā koa, ua haki ʻo ia i nā wāwae ʻelua, a ʻo kahi hopena ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia.
Mai kēlā manawa i kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua pili pili ʻo Snowden me ka hana e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka ʻenehana IT. I kēia wahi, ua piʻi ʻo ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻokau ʻo ia e hōʻike iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he loea loea loa.
Hana ma ka CIA
Mai ka wā ʻōpio, ua neʻe ʻo Edward Snowden i ka alapiʻi ʻoihana. Ua loaʻa iā ia kāna mākau ʻoihana mua ma ka NSA, e hana ana i ka hanana palekana o kahi wahi huna. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e hana no ka CIA.
Ma hope o kona lilo ʻana i luna ʻike, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Edward ma lalo o ka uhi diplomatik i Switzerland ma ke ʻano he ʻelele US no United Nations.
Pono ʻo ia e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā pūnaewele kamepiula. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ua hoʻāʻo ke kāne e lawe i nā pōmaikaʻi wale nō i ke kaiāulu a me kona ʻāina.
Eia nō naʻe, e like me kā Snowden iho, aia ma Kuikilana kona hoʻomaka ʻana e ʻike i ka nui a me ka nui o kāna hana ma CIA, e like me nā hana a pau o ka US ʻike lawelawe ma ka laulā, lawe mai i ka poʻe ʻoi aku ka pōʻino ma mua o ka maikaʻi. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka makahiki 26 ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka CIA a hoʻomaka i ka hana i nā hui ma lalo o ka NSA.
Ua hana mua ʻo Edward no Dell a laila hana ma ke ʻano he ʻaelike no Booz Allen Hamilton. I kēlā me kēia makahiki ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻonāwaliwali loa me nā hana o ka NSA. Ua makemake ke kanaka e haʻi i kona mau hoa makaʻāinana a me ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i nā hana maoli a kēia hui.
ʻO ka hopena, i ka makahiki 2013 ua hoʻoholo ʻo Edward Snowden e hana i kahi hana nui loa - e hōʻike i ka ʻike pili i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā lawelawe ʻike ʻike ʻAmelika ma ka mākaʻikaʻi piha ʻana i nā kamaʻāina o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi loa ua makemake ʻo Snowden e "wehe" i ka makahiki 2008, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i hana i kēia, me ka lana o ka manaʻo e hoʻi hou ana ʻo Barack Obama i ka mana. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kāna mau manaʻolana. Ua ukali ka pelekikena i koho hou ʻia i ke kulekele like me kāna mau mua.
Nā hōʻike a me nā hoʻopiʻi
I ka 2013, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻohana C-ex CIA ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike pili. Ua kāhea aku ʻo ia iā Laura Poitras, ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Glenn Greenwald, a me ka mea hoʻolaha ʻo Burton Gellman, e kono ana iā lākou e hāʻawi i nā moʻolelo ʻano pīhoihoi.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ua hoʻohana ka programmer i nā leka uila i kuhi ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, kahi āna i hoʻouna ai ma kahi o 200,000 mau palapala huna i ka poʻe nūpepa.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou hūnā hū ʻole ʻia ma mua o ka nui o nā mea i paʻi ʻia ma WikiLeaks e pili ana i nā hewa ma Afghanistan a me ʻIraka. Ma hope o ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o nā palapala i hāʻawi ʻia e Snowden, ua hōʻeuʻeu kahi hōʻino honua.
Ua kākau ka nūpepa honua holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā mea i hoʻolaha ʻia, a ʻo kahi hopena i hōʻino nui ʻia ke aupuni US. Ua piha nā hōʻike a Edward i nā mea e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana o nā kamaʻāina he 60 mau mokuʻāina a me 35 mau keʻena aupuni o ʻEulopa e nā lawelawe ʻike ʻike ʻAmelika.
Ua hoʻolaha ākea ka luna ʻike i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka papahana PRISM, ka mea i kōkua i nā lawelawe huna e ukali i nā kūkākūkā ʻana ma waena o nā ʻAmelika a me nā haole e hoʻohana nei i ka Pūnaewele a kelepona paha.
Ua hiki i ka papahana ke hoʻolohe i nā kamaʻilio a me nā ʻaha kūkā wikiō, hiki ke komo i nā pahu leka uila, a nona pū ka ʻike āpau o nā mea hoʻohana o nā pūnaewele kaiaulu. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, he nui nā lawelawe nui i hana pū me PRISM, e like me Microsoft, Facebook, Google, Skype a me YouTube.
Ua hāʻawi ʻo Snowden i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mea lawe lima nui ʻo Verizon, i hoʻouna i nā metadata i ka NSA i kēlā me kēia lā no nā kāhea āpau i kāhea ʻia ma ʻAmelika. Ua kamaʻilio pū kekahi kanaka e pili ana i ka papahana ʻimi hūnā ʻo Tempora.
Me kāna kōkua, hiki i nā lawelawe kūikawā ke keʻakeʻa i ka holo pūnaewele a me nā kamaʻilio kelepona ʻana. Eia kekahi, ua aʻo ka ʻaha kanaka e pili ana i ka polokalamu i hoʻouka ʻia ma ka "iPhone", e ʻae ai i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea nona kēia mau hāmeʻa.
Ma waena o nā hōʻike kaulana loa a Edward Snowden, ʻo ia ka interception a ka poʻe ʻAmelika o ke kamaʻilio kelepona ʻana o nā poʻe i komo o ka piko G-20, i mālama ʻia ma UK ma 2009. Wahi a kahi hōʻike Pentagon paʻa, ua loaʻa ka mea papahana ma kahi o 1.7 miliona mau palapala i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.
ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e pili ana i nā hana pūʻali koa i hana ʻia i nā lālā like ʻole o ka pūʻali koa. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hōʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia kēia mau mea i mea e hōʻino ai i ka inoa o ke aupuni US a me ka NSA.
ʻAʻole kēia ka papa inoa holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻike kupaianaha o Snowden, nona ia i uku nui ai. Ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i kona ʻano, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e holo wikiwiki i ka ʻāina. Ma ka mua, peʻe ʻo ia ma Hong Kong, a ma hope ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e ʻimi i kahi puʻuhonua i Rūkia. Ma Iune 30, 2013, ua noi ka ʻelele mua iā Moscow no ka puʻuhonua politika.
Ua ʻae ke alakaʻi Lūkia ʻo Vladimir Putin iā Snowden e noho i Rūsia ma ke ʻano ʻaʻole e hana hou i nā hana subversive e nā lawelawe ʻike na US. Ma ka home, ua hoʻohewa nā hoa hana o ʻEdewela i kāna hana, me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ma kāna hana ua hana ʻo ia i mea hōʻino hou ʻole i ka lawelawe ʻike a me ka kaulana o ʻAmelika.
I ka huli ʻana, hana maikaʻi ʻole ka European Union i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā Snowden. No kēia kumu, ua kāhea pinepine ka Parliament of Europe i ka EU ʻaʻole e hoʻopaʻi i ka luna ʻike, akā, i ka mea ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi iā ia i ka pale.
Ma kahi nīnauele me The Washington Post, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Edward, "Ua lanakila ʻē wau. ʻO kaʻu mea e makemake ai e hōʻike i ka lehulehu pehea e holo ai. " Ua hoʻohui pū ke kāne ua hana mau ʻo ia no ka pono o ka hoʻōla, ʻaʻole no ka hiolo ʻana o ka NSA.
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pāʻani wikiō he nui ma hope e pili ana i ka moʻolelo pilikino ʻo Snowden. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā puke a me nā palapala e pili ana i ka luna ʻike e paʻi ʻia i nā ʻāina like ʻole. I ka hāʻule o 2014, kahi palapala hōʻike 2-hola me ke poʻo inoa Citizenfour. ʻO kā Snowden ʻoiaʻiʻo ”hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Edward.
Ua lanakila ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i nā makana kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like me Oscar, BAFTA a me Sputnik. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i nā hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Lūkia ua lilo kēia kiʻi i alakaʻi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻole i ka makahiki 2015.
Ke ola pilikino
I kahi nīnauele, ua ʻae ʻo Snowden he wahine kāna a me kāna mau keiki. ʻIke hilinaʻi ʻia ia mai ka manawa ʻo 2009 ka mea aloha ʻo Lindsay Mills ka mea aloha.
I ka mua, ua noho lāua ma kahi male kīwila ma kekahi o nā mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi. Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, i kēia manawa e noho nei ʻo Edward me kona ʻohana ma Lūkia, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā kiʻi e hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele.
Inā ʻoe e hilinaʻi i nā ʻōlelo a ka poʻe nūpepa i kamaʻilio pū me ka ʻAmelika, a laila ʻo Snowden he kanaka lokomaikaʻi a me ke akamai. Makemake ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kahi ola mālie a ana ʻia. Kāhea ke kāne iā ia iho he agnostic. Heluhelu nui ʻo ia, e lawe ʻia e ka mōʻaukala o Rūsia, akā ke hoʻolōʻihi nei i ka manawa ma ka Pūnaewele.
Aia kekahi manaʻo nui e pili ana ʻo Edward i ka mea ʻai. ʻAʻole inu ʻo ia i ka wai ʻona a kope paha.
ʻO Edward Snowden i kēia lā
Ua hōʻike pinepine ʻo Edward i kona mākaukau e hoʻi i ʻAmelika, ma lalo o ka hoʻokolokolo me ka jure. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi aliʻi o ka ʻāina i hāʻawi iā ia i kēlā mau hōʻoia.
I kēia lā ke hana nei ke kāne i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi papahana i hiki ke pale pono ʻia i nā mea hoʻohana mai nā hoʻoweliweli kūwaho. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana ʻo Snowden e hōʻino i ke kulekele a US, ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻole ʻo ia e pili ana i nā hana a nā luna Lūkini.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, ua hāʻawi ʻo Edward i kahi haʻi'ōlelo i nā luna Mossad, e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻike he nui o ka infustration NSA i loko o ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻIseraʻela. E like me kēia lā, aia nō ia i ka makaʻu. Inā hāʻule ʻo ia i ka lima o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kū ʻo ia i kahi o 30 mau makahiki i ka hale paʻahao, a maliʻa paha ka hoʻopaʻi make.
Nā kiʻi Snowden
