ʻO Machu Picchu kahi kūlanakauhale pohihihi o ka ʻohana Inca kahiko ma Peru. Ua loaʻa kona inoa mahalo i ka American Hiram Bingham, nāna i ʻike iā ia i loko o ka huakaʻi 1911. I ka ʻōlelo o ka ʻohana India kūloko, ʻo Machu Picchu ka manaʻo "mauna kahiko". Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ke "kūlanakauhale ma waena o nā ao" a i ʻole "kūlanakauhale i ka lani." Aia kēia kihi pohihihi a nani hoʻi ma kahi piko mauna i hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia ma kahi o 2450 m ke kiʻekiʻe. I kēia lā, ke poʻo kiʻekiʻe ke kūlanakauhale laʻa i ka papa inoa o nā wahi poina ʻole ma ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO ka inoa kumu o ka kia hoʻomanaʻo o ka hoʻolālā India i koe kahi mea pohihihi - nalowale pū me kāna poʻe kamaʻāina. He mea hoihoi: ua ʻike ka poʻe kamaʻāina i ke ola o ke "kūlanakauhale nalowale o ka Incas" ma mua o ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻaha, akā kiaʻi pono i ka mea huna mai nā malihini.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana iā Machu Picchu
ʻO Machu Picchu a me kona wahi i manaʻo mau ʻia he laʻa e ka lāhui ʻōiwi. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka nui o nā punawai punahele maʻemaʻe loa o ka wai puna, a he mea nui ia no ke ola kanaka. I ka wā ma mua, noho kaʻawale ke kūlanakauhale ma waho o ka honua i waho, a ʻo ke ala wale nō e kamaʻilio pū me ia nā ala India i ʻike wale ʻia e hoʻomaka.
ʻO ka pali kokoke ʻo Huayna Picchu (i unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "mauna ʻōpio") ʻano like me ka helehelena o kahi India e kū pono ana i ka lani. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ʻo kēia ke kiaʻi o ke kūlanakauhale, paʻa i ka pōhaku.
I kēia lā, hopohopo mau ka poʻe noiʻi e pili ana i ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kūlanakauhale ma kahi mamao a hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia - ma ka piko o ka mauna i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ululāʻau paʻa a me nā kiʻekiʻe. Wehe ʻia ka hihia no ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana. Wahi a kekahi poʻe ʻepekema, ʻo ke kumu o kēia ka nani o ke kūlohelohe, ʻoiai ka manaʻo ʻē aʻe kekahi aia ka mea i ka ikaika maikaʻi o kēia kaona.
ʻO ke kuhi manaʻo nui loa e pili ana i kahi o nā piko o nā pōhaku e kūpono i nā ʻike kilo hōkū. ʻOiai, ua ʻae kēia i nā India e hoʻokokoke iki aku i ka Lā - ke akua kiʻekiʻe loa o ka Incas. Eia hou, ua hana maopopo ʻia nā hale he nui i Machu Picchu i mea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka lani hōkū.
Me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpono, ua lilo kēia wahi i kikowaena kikowaena haipule, i manaʻo ʻia no ke kipa ʻana e nā kilo hōkū a me nā kilo hōkū. Maʻaneʻi hiki i nā haumāna mai nā ʻohana elite ke aʻo ʻia i nā ʻepekema like ʻole.
Me he mea lā he kākoʻo ikaika ko ke kūlanakauhale. Ua ʻike ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā Sepania lanakila ma ka Inca Empire ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 16, ʻaʻole ʻeha iki ʻo Machu Picchu: ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi manawa i waho e ʻike e pili ana i kona ola.
ʻO ka momi o ka hoʻolālā kahiko
ʻO ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ke kūlanakauhale, i noʻonoʻo pono ʻia e nā mea kākau India, hiki ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo o kahi kanaka o kēia ao. ʻO ka paʻakikī kahiko, aia ma kahi o 30,000 hectares, ʻike ʻia he momi maoli o ka wā kahiko.
I ka wā i mākaʻikaʻi ai ka huakaʻi ʻo Bingham i ke kūlanakauhale, ua luku ʻia nā archaeologists e ka hoʻolālā nani a me nā nani kakaikahi o nā hale. He mea pohihihi nō ia pehea ka hiki i nā Incas ke hāpai a neʻe i nā pōhaku nui e kau ana he 50 tone a ʻoi paha.
Kupaianaha ka manaʻo ʻenekinia o nā Incas kahiko. Hāʻawi kekahi mau ʻepekema i kahi mana e pili ana i ke kumu haole o nā mea kākau o ka papahana mauna. Koho ʻia ka ʻāina me ka manaʻolana ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ke kūlanakauhale mai lalo. Ua hōʻoia kēia wahi i ka palekana piha no nā kamaʻāina o Machu Picchu. Kūkulu ʻia nā hale me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia o ka puna, hana nā mea kūkulu i nā kūlana ʻoi loa no kahi noho ʻoluʻolu i loko o lākou.
He kumu maopopo ko nā hale āpau. He nui nā hale kiaʻi astronomical, nā hale aliʻi a me nā luakini, nā punawai a me nā loko wai. Liʻiliʻi nā ana o Machu Picchu: ma kahi o 200 mau hale i kūkulu ʻia, kahi, e like me nā koho kolohe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokipa ʻia ma mua o 1000 mau kamaʻāina.
Aia ka luakini waena o Machu Picchu ma ke komohana o ke kikowaena. Ma hope o laila kahi dais me kahi alapiʻi lōʻihi e alakaʻi ana i nā malihini kipa i ka Sun Stone (Intihuatana) - ka ʻike pohihihi loa o ka pā hale.
Hāʻawi ʻia i nā Incas kahiko ʻaʻohe meahana e like me nā pono o kēia mau lā, hiki i kekahi ke koho wale i ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana i kēia wahi nani. Wahi a kekahi mau koho, ua kūkulu nā India i Machu Picchu no 80 mau makahiki.
Haʻalele haʻalele
Pili ke ola ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale me ke au o ke au o Pachacute, i ʻike ʻia e nā mea kākau moʻolelo ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohua. Manaʻo ʻia ua koho ʻia ke kūlanakauhale kahiko e ia ma ke ʻano he wahi noho i ke kau wela. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ua noho ka poʻe ma Machu Picchu mai ka makahiki 1350 a i ka 1530 AD. e He mea pohihihi ia no ke aha i 1532, me ka hoʻopau ʻole ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana a hiki i ka hopena, haʻalele lākou i kēia wahi a mau loa aku.
Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi o kēia manawa nā kumu kūpono o ko lākou haʻalele ʻana:
- hoʻohaumia ʻana i kahi heiau;
- maʻi ahulau;
- hoʻouka kaua e nā ʻohana hōʻeuʻeu;
- nā kaua kīwila;
- nele i ka wai inu;
- ka lilo o kona mea nui e ke kūlanakauhale.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mana e pili ana i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka hale Inca - hana ʻino i kekahi o nā kahuna wahine. Ua noʻonoʻo paha ka poʻe Inca ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia nā holoholona e noho ma ka ʻāina haumia.
ʻAʻole emi iki ka manaʻo o kahi maʻi ahulau liʻiliʻi i waena o nā kamaʻāina kūloko. Maliʻa paha ua hala ka hapa nui o nā kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale ma muli o ka hopena o kēia maʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā ʻohana pili kūpilikiʻi a me kahi kaua kīwila i manaʻo ʻia e nā mea noiʻi he mea ʻole ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka hoʻomāinoino, hakakā kaua a luku paha i loaʻa ma ka panalāʻau o Machu Picchu.
ʻO ka nele o ka wai inu hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā kamaʻāina e hoʻoholo e haʻalele i ko lākou mau home.
Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e nānā i ke kūlanakauhale kahiko o Tauric Chersonesos.
Pēlā nō, hiki i ke kūlanakauhale ke lilo i kona kumu nui ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o ka Inca Empire ma lalo o ka hoʻouka kaua a nā Sepania lanakila. Hiki i nā kamaʻāina ke waiho iā ia i mea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a nā malihini a pale i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka haole Katolika iā lākou. Ke ʻike nei i nā kumu maoli o ka nalo koke ʻana o ka poʻe a hiki i kēia lā.
Machu Picchu i ka honua hou
I kēia lā Machu Picchu hāpai i nā mea hou aku ma mua o kahi pūnaewele archaeological o ka wā kahiko. Ua lilo kēia wahi i heiau a ka Andes a me ka haʻaheo maoli o ko lākou ʻāina.
ʻAʻole nō e hoʻonā ʻia nā mea pohihihi o Machu Picchu. Kahi wahi kaʻawale i ka mōʻaukala o ke kūlanakauhale e noho ʻia e nā ʻimi lōʻihi no ka Inca gula i nalo. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole i lilo ka hale akua ʻo India i wahi i loaʻa ai iā ia.
Hāmama ke kūlanakauhale i nā malihini kipa a puni ka makahiki a hoʻomau i ka hoihoi o ka ʻepekema. Hoʻomaka ka lehulehu o nā mea noiʻi i kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi, e makemake ana e hāʻawi i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea huna o Machu Picchu.
ʻAʻole poina kahi huakaʻi i kēia wahi nani a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā kiʻi hoʻomanaʻo ʻole he nui. He nui nā mākaʻikaʻi i hele mai i ke "kūlanakauhale ma waena o nā ao" i kēlā me kēia makahiki e ʻike mau i ka ʻuhane kū hoʻokahi o kēia wahi pohihihi. Mai nā wahi ākea he nui, nani nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kahawai kahawai e piʻi aʻe, a ke piʻi nei i ka mauna kokoke ʻo Huayna Picchu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike kikoʻī i ke ʻano o ke kūlanakauhale.
Ua loaʻa iā Machu Picchu ke poʻo inoa o kekahi o nā mea kupaianaha 7 hou o ka honua, a komo i ka papa inoa o UNESCO World Heritage Site.
