Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka Himalayas nā mauna kiʻekiʻe loa a pohihihi hoʻi o ka honua Honua. Hiki ke unuhi ʻia ka inoa o kēia lālani mai Sanskrit ma ke ʻano he "ʻāina hau". Ka Himalayas lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hoʻokaʻawale kūlana ma waena o Hema a me Central ʻAsia. Manaʻo nā Hindu i ko lākou wahi ma ke ʻano he ʻāina laʻa. Wahi a nā moʻolelo he nui i ka piko o nā kuahiwi Himalayan nā wahi noho o ke akua Shiva, kāna wahine ʻo Devi a me kā lāua kaikamahine ʻo Himavata. Wahi a nā manaʻo kūpuna, ua hāʻawi ka wahi noho o nā akua i ʻekolu mau muliwai ʻAsia nui - ka Indu, Ganges, Brahmaputra.
Ke kumu o ka Himalaya
Ua lawe ʻia i mau pae no ke kumu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mauna Himalayan, a he 50,000,000 paha mau makahiki i hala. Manaʻo ka nui o nā kānaka noiʻi ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻomaka o ka Himalayas e nā papa tectonic ʻelua i kūkaʻi.
He mea hoihoi ia i kēia manawa ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻōnaehana mauna i kona ulu ʻana, ke ʻano o ka pelu ʻana. Ke neʻe nei ka pā India ma ka ʻākau hikina i ka wikiwiki o 5 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ke kuʻikahi ʻia e 4 mm. Kuhi ka poʻe ʻimi na kēia neʻe ʻana e alakaʻi i kahi pilina hou ma waena o India a me Tibet.
Hoʻohālikelike ka wikiwiki o kēia hana i ka ulu ʻana o nā kui kuʻi kanaka. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka hana kālaihonua ikaika i ke ʻano o nā ōlaʻi i nā kuahiwi.
He mea kupaianaha - noho ka Himalayas i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻili āpau o ka Honua (0.4%). Nui kēia wahi i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā mea mauna ʻē aʻe.
Ma ka ʻāina hea ka Himalayas: ka ʻike ʻāina
ʻO ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e hoʻomākaukau ana no kahi huakaʻi e ʻike i kahi o ka Himalayas. ʻO ko lākou wahi ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia (kona ʻāpana ʻAsia). I ke kūkulu ʻākau, ʻo ka mea nui kokoke i ka Tibet Plateau. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, hele kēia kuleana i ka Indo-Gangetic Plain.
Hoʻolahalaha ka ʻōnaehana mauna ʻo Himalayan no 2,500 km, a ʻo kona ākea ma kahi o 350 km. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻo 650,000 m2.
Ke haʻaheo nei nā kualono he nui i nā kiʻekiʻe o 6 a hiki i 6 km. ʻO Mount Everest ka mea i hōʻike ʻia me ka inoa ʻo Chomolungma. ʻO 8848 m kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kahi moʻolelo i waena o nā kuahiwi ʻē aʻe ma ka honua. ʻO nā kaulike ākea - 27 ° 59'17 "latitude ʻākau, 86 ° 55'31" longitude hikina.
Hoʻolahalaha ka Himalayas ma nā ʻāina he nui. ʻAʻole wale nā Kina a me nā India, akā hiki i nā lāhui o Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal a me Pakistan ke haʻaheo i ke kaiāulu me nā kuahiwi hanohano. Aia nā ʻāpana o kēia kuahiwi i nā panalāʻau o kekahi mau ʻāina post-Soviet: Aia ʻo Tajikistan i ka pae mauna ʻākau (Pamir).
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kūlana kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā kūlana kūlohelohe o nā mauna Himalayan me ka palupalu a paʻa. ʻO ke aniau ma kēia wahi hiki ke hoʻololi pinepine ʻia. Nui nā ʻāina i nā ʻāina weliweli a me ke anuanu ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai i ke kauwela, hoʻomau ka hau i -25 ° C, a i ka hoʻoilo hoʻonui ia i -40 ° C. ʻAʻole maʻa mau ka makani pāhili i nā kuahiwi, a hiki i 150 km / h ka pākini o ka makani. I ke kauwela a me ka puna, piʻi ka mahana o ka ea i + 30 °.
I ka Himalayas, he mea mau ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā anilā 4. Mai ʻApelila a Iune, ua uhi ʻia nā kuahiwi i nā lau nahele a me nā pua, a anuanu ka ea a hou. Mai Iulai a ʻAukake, ua nui ka ua ma nā kuahiwi, hāʻule ka nui o ka ua. I loko o kēia mau mahina kauwela, uhi ʻia nā pali o nā pae mauna me nā lau nahele ulu, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka noe. Noho mau nā ʻano mahana a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana o Nowemapa, a ma hope iho e kau ai kahi hoʻoilo hau me ka hau nui.
Hōʻike o ka honua mea kanu
Kahaha ka Himalayan vegetation me kona ʻano. Ma ka pali hema ma ke ʻano o ka ua pinepine, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kāʻei kiʻekiʻe, a ulu nā nāhelehele maoli (terai) ma ka wāwae o nā kuahiwi. ʻIke ʻia nā mānoanoa nui o nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau i kēia mau wahi. I kekahi mau wahi, loaʻa nā kumu waina mānoanoa, ʻohe, nui maiʻa, nā pāma haʻahaʻa e ulu ana. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hele i nā wahi i manaʻo ʻia no ka mahi ʻana o kekahi mau mea kanu. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia kēia mau wahi e ka poʻe.
Ke piʻi nei i luna iki aʻe ma nā pali, hiki iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi ma kahi o ka tropical, coniferous, nā ululāʻau huikau, ma hope o lākou, he mau mauna nā kiʻi Alpine. I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ke kuahiwi a i nā wahi maloʻo, ua hōʻike ʻia ka mokuna e nā steppe a me nā wao akua.
I ka Himalayas, aia kekahi mau kumulāʻau e hāʻawi i ka poʻe i ka lāʻau pipiʻi a me ka kēpau. Maʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā wahi e ulu ai nā dhaka, nā lāʻau momona. Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4 km, loaʻa nā mea kanu tundra i ke ʻano o nā rhododendrons a me nā limu i ka nui.
ʻĀina kūloko
Ua lilo nā mauna ʻo Himalayan i puʻuhonua palekana no nā holoholona e ʻane pau ʻole ana. Maʻaneʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke hui me nā lunamaka kāwili ʻole o nā holoholona kūloko - ka leopadi hau, pea ʻeleʻele, ʻalopeke Tibet. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pae mauna, aia nā kūlana kūpono āpau no ka noho ʻana o nā leopadi, nā tigika a me nā rhino. ʻO nā ʻelele o ka Himalayas ʻākau e komo pū ana me nā yaks, antelope, kao mauna, nā lio hihiu.
Ma waho aʻe o ka flora momona a me nā holoholona, nui ka Himalayas i nā ʻano mineral. I kēia mau wahi, ʻeli maoli ʻia ke gula, ke keleawe, a me ka chrome ore, aila, paʻakai pōhaku, lanahu ʻeleʻele.
Nā pāka a me nā awāwa
Ma ka Himalayas, hiki iā ʻoe ke kipa i nā pāka a me nā awāwa, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i helu ʻia ʻo UNESCO World Heritage Site:
- Sagarmatha.
- ʻO Nanda Devi.
- Awāwa pua.
ʻO Sagarmatha National Park kahi o ka ʻāina ʻo Nepal. ʻO ka piko kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua, Everest, a me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai kūikawā nona.
ʻO Nanda Devi Park kahi waiwai maoli o India, aia ma ka puʻuwai o nā mauna Himalayan. Aia kēia wahi nani i ka wāwae o ka puʻu o ka inoa like, a aia ma kahi o 60,000 hectares kahi. ʻAʻole i emi ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paka ma luna o ka ʻilikai ma mua o 3500 m.
ʻO nā wahi kiʻi nani loa o Nanda Devi e hōʻike ʻia e nā glaciers nunui, ʻo ka muliwai ʻo Rishi Ganga, ka Lake Skeleton mystical, kahi e pili ana i ka moʻolelo, ua ʻike ʻia nā koena kanaka a me nā holoholona he nui. ʻAe ʻae ʻia ka hāʻule ʻana o ka huahekili nui maʻamau i alakaʻi ʻia i ka make nui.
Aia ke awāwa pua ma kahi mamao aku mai Nanda Devi Park. Ma aneʻi, ma kahi ma kahi o 9000 hectares, ulu he mau haneli waihoʻoluʻu nā pua. ʻOi aku ma mua o 30 mau ʻano flora e hoʻonani i ke awāwa ʻo India ke manaʻo ʻia ua aneane make, a ma kahi o 50 mau ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia no nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Noho pū kekahi ʻano manu ma kēia mau wahi. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou i ka Red Book.
Nā luakini Buddhist
Kaulana ka Himalayas no ko lākou mōneka Buddhist, a he nui nā wahi e waiho ana i nā wahi mamao, a he hale kūkulu ʻia mai ka pōhaku. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā luakini i kahi mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana, a hiki i ka 1000 mau makahiki, a alakaʻi i kahi nohona "pani". ʻO kekahi o nā mōneka ua hāmama i nā poʻe āpau e makemake e kamaʻāina me ke ʻano o ke ola o nā mōneka, ka hoʻonaninani o loko o nā wahi hoʻāno. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā kiʻi nani iā lākou. Kapu loa ke komo ʻana i ka panalāʻau o nā heiau ʻē aʻe no nā mea kipa.
Paipai mākou e nānā i ka Troll's Tongue.
ʻO nā mōneka nui a mahalo ʻia e komo pū me:
ʻO kahi wahi hoʻomana hoʻomana i kiaʻi ʻia ma Himalayas ka stupa Buddhist. Ua kūkulu ʻia kēia mau kia hoʻomanaʻo haipule e nā mōneka o ka wā i hala no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i kekahi hanana nui i Buddhism, a no ka pono a me ka laulima hoʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
E kipa ana nā mākaʻikaʻi i ka Himalayas
ʻO ka manawa kūpono loa e huakaʻi ai i ka Himalayas ka manawa mai Mei a Iulai a Sepatemaba a ʻOkakopa. I loko o kēia mau mahina, hiki i ka poʻe hoʻomaha hoʻomaha ke helu i ka wā ʻoluʻolu a mehana, nele i ka ua nui a me ka makani ikaika. No nā mea pā o nā haʻuki adrenaline, he kakaikahi nā hōkele ski modern.
I nā mauna Himalayan, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōkele a me nā hale hoʻokipa o nā waeʻano kumukūʻai. I nā wahi haipule, aia nā hale kūikawā no ka poʻe hele malihini a me nā poʻe haipule o ka hoʻomana kūloko - ashrams, kahi i noho i ka nohona ascetic. ʻO ka noho ʻana i loko o ia mau wahi he kumu kūʻai liʻiliʻi ia, ai kekahi manawa hiki ke kaʻawale loa ia. Ma kahi o kahi nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki i ka mea kipa ke hāʻawi i kahi manawaleʻa manawaleʻa a kōkua paha me ka ʻohana.
