ʻO ke akeakamai Kelemania ʻo Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) kahi i waena o nā mea noʻonoʻo nui o ka lāhui. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā loiloi akeakamai, a lilo ia i mea huli i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka akeakamai o ka honua. Manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mōʻaukala o ke akeakamai i ʻelua mau manawa - ma mua o Kant a ma hope ona.
He nui ka manaʻo o Immanuel Kant i hoʻohuli i ka papa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo kanaka. Ua synthesized ka mea akeakamai i nā ʻōnaehana a pau i hoʻomohala ʻia e kona mau mua, a waiho i mua i kahi helu o kāna mau postulate ponoʻī, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka mōʻaukala o kēia manawa o ka akeakamai. ʻO ka nui o nā hana a Kant no ka ʻepekema honua holoʻokoʻa nui loa.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻoiaʻiʻo mai ke ola o Kant, ʻaneʻane ʻole e noʻonoʻo ʻia kāna ʻike akeakamai. ʻO kēia hōʻiliʻili kahi hoʻāʻo e hōʻike i ke ʻano o Kant i ke ola. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo nā mea akeakamai nui e noho i kahi a ma kahi mea, ʻai i kahi mea a kamaʻilio pū me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
1. Ua kākau ʻia ʻo Immanuel Kant ma ke ʻano he saddler. ʻO ka makuakāne o ke keikikāne, i hānau ʻia ma ka wanaʻao ma ʻApelila 22, 1724, he noho lio ʻo Johann Georg a he keiki kāne na ka noho saddler. ʻO ka makuahine o Immanuel ʻo Anna Regina kekahi i pili i ka lio lio - he makuakāne kona makuakāne. ʻO ka makuakāne o ka mea akeakamai nui i kēia wā mai kahi wahi o ka moku ʻo Balicic i kēia manawa, he kamaʻāina kona makuahine no Nuremberg. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Kant i ka makahiki like me Königsberg - i ka 1724 ua hui pū ʻia ka hale paʻa ʻo Königsberg a me kekahi mau wahi e pili ana i hoʻokahi kūlanakauhale.
2. ʻ professlelo ka ʻohana Kant i ka pietism, kahi i makemake nui ʻia i kēlā manawa ma ʻEulopa Hikina - kahi neʻe haipule nona ka poʻe ukali i paio no ka haipule a me ka pono, me ka nānā nui ʻole i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻīlio hale pule. ʻO kekahi o nā loina nui o ka poʻe Pietists ka hana nui. Ua hānai ʻo Kants i kā lākou keiki i ke ʻano kūpono - he kaikaina ko Immanuel a he ʻekolu mau kaikuahine. I kona wā makua, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kant me ka mehana e pili ana i kona mau mākua a me ke kūlana i loko o ka ʻohana.
3. Ua aʻo ʻo Immanuel i ke kula ʻoi loa ma Königsberg - ke Kulanui ʻo Friedrich. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi o kēia kula he brutal. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā keiki ma ke kula e 6 am a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ka 4 pm. Hoʻomaka ka lā a me kēlā me kēia haʻawina me nā pule. Ua hoʻopaʻa lākou i ka ʻōlelo Lākina (20 mau haʻawina i kēlā me kēia pule), theology, makemakika, mele, Greek, French, Polish and Hebrew. ʻAʻohe wā hoʻomaha, ʻo ka Lāpule wale nō ka lā hoʻomaha. Ua puka ʻo Kant mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe lua i kāna puka kula.
4. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia nā ʻepekema kūlohelohe i ka Friedrich Collegian. Ua ʻike ʻo Kant i ko lākou honua i kona wā i komo ai i ke Kulanui o Königsberg i 1740. I kēlā manawa he kula hoʻonaʻauao mua loa ia me kahi hale waihona puke maikaʻi a me nā polofesa kūpono. Ma hope o ʻehiku mau makahiki o ka cramming pau ʻole ma ka hale haʻuki, ua aʻo ʻo Immanuel e hiki i nā haumāna ke loaʻa a hōʻike pū i ko lākou mau manaʻo iho. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hoihoi i ka physics, a ke hele nei i kāna ʻanuʻu mua. I kona makahiki ʻehā o ke aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kant e kākau i kahi pepa i ka physics. Eia kahi hanana i makemake ʻole e haʻi mai nā mea kākau moʻolelo. Ua kākau ʻo Kant no ʻekolu mau makahiki a paʻi ʻia no ʻehā mau makahiki kahi hana a ia i wehewehe ai i ka hilinaʻi o ka ikehu kinetic o ke kino i ka wikiwiki. I kēia manawa, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana a Immanuel, ua hōʻike ʻo Jean DʻAlembert i kēia hilinaʻi e ke ʻano F = mv2/ 2. No ka hōʻoia ʻana iā Kant, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā manaʻo a, i ka laulā, ua haʻahaʻa loa ka hoʻololi o ka ʻike i ka kenekulia 18. Ua hoʻohewa nui ʻia kāna hana no kekahi mau makahiki. I kēia manawa hoihoi wale ia mai ka manaʻo o ka ʻōlelo Kelemania maʻalahi a kikoʻī hoʻi i kākau ʻia ai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana ʻepekema o kēlā manawa i kākau ʻia ma ka Lākina.
Kulanui o Königsberg
5. Eia nō naʻe, ʻeha pū ʻo Kant i nā ʻano kūkā kamaʻilio ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kāna hana nui mua, kahi kuʻikahi e pili ana i ka hanana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa me ka inoa lōʻihi i pili i ka manawa a me ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana iā King Frederick II, i hopu ʻia no nā ʻaiʻē a ka mea hoʻopuka a hoʻolaha liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Johann Lambert lāua ʻo Pierre Laplace nā mea hana o ka cosmogonic theory. Akā ua paʻi ʻia kā Kau ʻōlelo kuʻuna ʻo Kant i ka makahiki 1755, ʻoiai nā hana a Lambert lāua ʻo Laplace i kākau ʻia ma ka makahiki 1761 a me ka 1796.
Wahi a kā Kant's cosmogonic theory, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana o ka lā mai kahi ao lepo
6. ʻAʻole i puka i ke kula ʻo Kant. Unuhi ʻokoʻa ka puka ʻana. Kālele kekahi i ka ʻilihune - ua make nā mākua o ka haumāna, a ua aʻo ʻo ia a noho me ke ʻole o ke kākoʻo, a kōkua pū nō hoʻi i kona mau kaikuahine. A, malia paha, luhi wale ʻo Kant i ke ola haumāna pōloli. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ke kekelē o ke kula ke ʻano mana o kēia manawa. ʻO kekahi kanaka, pinepine ʻia, hoʻokipa ʻia e like me kona ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me kona hiki ke hana i kahi hana. Hoʻomaka ʻo Kant e hana ma ke ʻano he kumu home. Ua piʻi wikiwiki kāna ʻoihana. Ua aʻo mua ʻo ia i nā keiki a ke kahunapule, a laila he ona ʻona waiwai, a laila lilo i kumu no nā keiki o ka helu. ʻO kahi hana maʻalahi, kahi ola papa piha, kahi uku kūpono - he aha hou aʻe e pono ai i mea e komo mālie ai i ka ʻepekema?
7. ʻO ke ola pilikino o ka mea akeakamai kahi liʻiliʻi loa. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i male a ʻoiai, ʻaʻole i komo i ka pilina me nā wahine. Ma ka liʻiliʻi, ua hilinaʻi nā kamaʻāina o Königsberg i kēia, kahi i neʻe ʻole ai ʻo Kant ma mua o 50 mau kilomita. Eia kekahi, ua kōkua ʻōnaehana ʻo ia i nā kaikuahine, ʻaʻole naʻe i kipa aku iā lākou. I ka hiki ʻana aku o kekahi kaikuahine i kona home, ua kala aku ʻo Kant i nā malihini no kāna komo hewa a me kāna ʻano maikaʻi ʻole.
8. Ua hōʻike ʻo Kant i kāna puke e pili ana i ka plurality o nā honua i noho ʻia me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano o ʻEulopa i ke kenekulia 18. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia i nā makika ma ke poʻo o hoʻokahi kanaka i manaʻo ʻo ke poʻo a lākou e noho nei ʻo ka honua holoʻokoʻa ia. Ua pūʻiwa loa kēia mau makika i ka wā i hele aku ai ke poʻo o ko lākou haku i ke poʻo o kahi aliʻi hanohano - ua lilo kona wig i honua honua. Ua mālama ʻia nā makika ma ʻEulopa e like me kekahi ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole i hāʻawi ʻia.
9. I ka makahiki 1755, ua loaʻa iā ʻImanuel Kant ka kuleana e aʻo a me ke poʻo inoa o ke kākoʻo polopeka ma ke Kulanui o Königsberg. ʻAʻole maʻalahi kēlā. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kāna pepa "On Fire," i like ia me kahi hōʻike mua. A laila, i ka lā 27 Kepakemapa, i ke alo o ʻekolu mau mea kūʻē mai nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole, pale aku ʻo ia i kekahi pepa ʻē aʻe i nā kumumanaʻo mua o ka ʻike metaphysical. I ka hopena o kēia pale, i kapa ʻia ʻo habilitation, hiki iā Kant ke hāʻawi i nā haʻi ʻōlelo.
10. ʻAʻole ʻauʻau ʻia nā polofesa ʻoihana maʻamau i ke gula. ʻAʻohe o ka pou mua o Kant i loaʻa kahi uku i hoʻokumu ʻia - ehia mau kālā a nā haumāna e uku ai no kahi haʻiʻōlelo, a pēlā nō ka nui o kāna loaʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kau ʻia kēia uku - e like me ka makemake o kēlā me kēia haumāna, uku nui ʻo ia. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻilihune mau loa o nā haumāna, ʻo kēia ka uku o kahi polopeka kōkua maʻamau he liʻiliʻi loa. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe makahiki e pono ai - ua loaʻa iā Kant iho kāna uku polopeka mua he 14 mau makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana ma ke kula nui. ʻOiai ua hiki iā ia ke lilo i polopeka ma 1756 ma hope o ka make ʻana o kahi hoa hana, ua hoʻemi wale ʻia kēlā helu.
11. Ua aʻo ʻia ke polopeka kōkua hou ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua haʻi maikaʻi loa ʻia. Eia kekahi, ua lawe ʻo ia i nā kumuhana like ʻole, akā ua like ka hoihoi. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o kāna lā hana e like me kēia: Logic, Mekanika, Metaphysics, Physical Theoretical, Makemakika, Geography Kino. Me ka ikaika o ka hana - a i 28 mau hola i ka pule - a me ke kaulana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kant e loaʻa kālā maikaʻi. No ka manawa mua i kona ola, hiki iā ia ke hoʻolimalima i kahi kauā.
12. Ua paʻi ka ʻepekema Suetena a me ka theosophist hapa manawa ʻo Emmanuel Swedenborg i ka makahiki 1756 i kahi hana ʻewalu, ʻaʻole me nā pathos i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Secrets of Heaven." ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kā Swedenborg hana he mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi loa ma waena o ke kenekulia 18 - ʻehā wale nō set o ka puke i kūʻai ʻia aku. Ua kūʻai ʻia kekahi o nā kope e Kant. "ʻO nā mea huna o ka lani" i hoʻokūhāhā nui iā ia me ka intricacy a me ka verosity ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi puke holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻomāʻewaʻewa ana i kā lākou ʻike. Kākaʻikahi kēia hana no kēlā wā o ke ola o ka mea akeakamai - ʻaʻohe ona manawa. Akā no ka hoʻohewa a me ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa o Swedenborg, me he mea lā, ua loaʻa ka manawa.
13. I kona manaʻo ponoʻī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Kant ma nā haʻiʻōlelo e pili ana i ka palapala honua. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻohe aʻo ʻia ke kālaihonua ma nā kula nui - ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻepekema wale nō ia no nā ʻoihana. Ua aʻo ʻo Kant, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, i kahi papa i ka palapala honua kūmole me ka pahuhopu e hoʻonui i nā palena o nā haumāna. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ua aʻo ke kumu i kona ʻike āpau mai nā puke, kekahi mau paukū mai nā puke e ʻoluʻolu loa. I loko o kāna mau aʻo ʻana, ua hāʻawi wale ʻo ia i mau minuke wale nō iā Rūsia. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻo Yenisei ka palena o ke kino o Rūsia. I ka Volga, loaʻa nā belugas - nā iʻa e ale i nā pōhaku i mea e bapetizo ai iā lākou iho i ka wai (ʻo ka nīnau o kahi e lawe ai ʻo belugas iā lākou ma luna o ka muliwai, ʻaʻole hoihoi ʻo Kant, ʻaʻole paha). Ma Siberia, ʻona nā kānaka āpau me ka ʻona ʻole a ʻai i ka paka, a ua manaʻo ʻo Kant iā Georgia kahi hānai no nā mea nani.
14. Ma Ianuali 22, 1757, ua komo ka pūʻali koa Lūkini i Königsberg i loko o nā makahiki ʻehiku o Moscow. No nā makaʻāina, me Immanuel Kant, ka hana ʻo ia wale nō ka hoʻohiki ʻana i ka Emepela Lūkini ʻo Elizabeth, e hoʻololi ana i nā hōʻailona a me nā kiʻi i nā ʻoihana. ʻO nā ʻauhau āpau a me nā pono o Koenigsberg i paʻa mau. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Kant e loaʻa kahi polopeka ma lalo o ke aupuni Lūkini. Makehewa - makemake lākou i kāna hoa hana kahiko.
15. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ʻo Immanuel Kant e ke olakino maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ua kōkua nā makahiki ʻilihune iā ia e ʻike empirically i ke ʻano o ke olakino a me ka meaʻai e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻolōʻihi i nā makahiki o ka hana olakino. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua lilo ko Kant's pedantry i ʻōlelo noʻeau i waena o nā Kelemania kūpaʻa i ke kānāwai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka mākeke ʻo Königsberg, ʻaʻohe mea i nīnau aku i ka mea a ke koa kauā kahiko o Kant i kūʻai ai - ua kūʻai mau ʻo ia i ka mea like. ʻOiai i ke anuanu ʻo Baltic ke aniani, hana ʻo Kant i ka hoʻoikaika kino i kahi manawa kikoʻī kikoʻī ʻia ma kahi ala i kuhikuhi pololei ʻia ma nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale. Hōʻike ka poʻe hele maʻa i ka naʻaupō, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻepekema, akā nānā i kā lākou wati ma kāna mau hele wāwae. ʻAʻole i hoʻonele ka maʻi iā ia i nā ʻuhane maikaʻi a me kahi ʻano hoʻomākeʻaka. Ua ʻike ʻo Kant iā ia iho i kahi ʻano maʻamau i hypochondria - kahi pilikia psychological inā manaʻo kekahi kanaka ua maʻi ʻo ia me nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. ʻO ke kaiāulu kanaka ka mea ola mua nona. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kant e hāʻawi i ka ʻaina awakea a me ka ʻaina awakea a hoʻāʻo e kipa pinepine iā ia iho. ʻO Billiards, kope a me nā kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi, me nā wahine, i kōkua iā ia e lanakila i kāna mau maʻi.
ʻO ke ala a Kant i hele mau ai, ua ola. Kapa ʻia ia "Path Philosophical"
16. "Ma ka mōʻaukala ʻaʻohe mea nāna e nānā hou aku i kona kino a me ka mea e hoʻopili ai iā ia," wahi a Kant. Ua aʻo mau ʻo ia i ka mea hou loa i nā puke olakino a loaʻa ka ʻike i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kauka ʻoihana. I ko lākou hoʻāʻo ʻana e hāʻawi iā ia i ka ʻōlelo aʻo mai ke kahua o ka lāʻau, ua pane ʻo ia me ka pololei a me ka hohonu i lilo ai ke kūkākūkā hou ʻana e pili ana i kēia kumuhana i mea ʻole. No nā makahiki he nui i loaʻa iā ia nā helu helu e pili ana i ka make ma Königsberg, e helu ana i kāna pono ola.
17. Kapa ʻia ka poʻe noho aloha manawale ʻole iā Kant he haku liʻiliʻi nahenahe. Pōkole nā ʻepekema (ma kahi o 157 cm), ʻaʻole pololei ke kino a me ke kūlana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻahu maikaʻi ʻo Kant, hana maikaʻi me ka hanohano nui a hoʻāʻo e kamaʻilio me nā poʻe āpau i kahi ʻano aloha. No laila, ma hope o kekahi mau minuke o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me Kant, ua pau kāna hōʻike ʻana i kāna mau hemahema.
18. I Pepeluali 1766, lilo ʻo Kant i kahu kōkua waihona ma Königsberg Castle. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana ma ke ʻano he librarians he mea nui - kālā. Ua lilo ka ʻepekema i kanaka nunui, a koi kēia i nā lilo koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻohe loaʻa kālā paʻa o Kant. ʻO ke kumu o kēia i ka wā hoʻomaha ʻaʻole ia i loaʻa i kekahi mea. I loko o ka waihona puke, ua loaʻa ʻo ia ma kahi liʻiliʻi - 62 thalers i ka makahiki - akā maʻa mau. Loaʻa me ke komo manuahi ʻana i nā puke āpau, me nā palapala kākau kahiko.
19. Ma Malaki 31, 1770, ua loaʻa ʻo Kant i ke kūlana kali lōʻihi o ke polopeka maʻamau o ka noʻonoʻo a me nā metaphysics ma ke Kulanui o Königsberg. ʻO ke akeakamai, no 14 mau makahiki o ke kali ʻana, loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau ʻano pilina i loko o nā pōʻai hoʻokele, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ka hanana nui, hōʻole ʻo ia i ʻelua mau manaʻo mahalo. Ua hāʻawi aku ke Kulanui ʻo Erlangen iā ia i 500 guilders o ka uku, kahi hale a me nā wahie manuahi. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hāʻawi ʻana mai ke Kulanui o Jena - 200 thalers o ka uku a me 150 thalers o nā uku haʻiʻōlelo, akā ma Jena ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o ke ola (thaler a me guilder i kēlā manawa ua like ia me nā kālā gula). Akā makemake ʻo Kant e noho i kona kauhale a loaʻa iā 166 thalers a me 60 grosz. ʻO ka uku ka hana a ka ʻepekema i ka hale waihona puke no ʻelua mau makahiki ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, kūʻokoʻa mai ka paio i kēlā me kēia lā no kahi ʻāpana berena i hoʻokuʻu iā Kant. I ka 1770 ka mea i kapa ʻia. kahi manawa koʻikoʻi i kāna hana, kahi i hana ai i kāna mau hana nui.
20. Ka hana a Kant “ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka nani a me ka mea kiʻekiʻe” kahi mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi loa - paʻi hou ʻia ia he 8 mau manawa. Inā i kākau ʻia nā "Nānā ..." i kēia manawa, e makaʻu paha kā lākou mea kākau i ka hele ʻana i ka hale paʻahao no ka manaʻo hoʻokae. Ke wehewehe nei i nā ʻano aupuni, kāhea ʻo ia i nā Sepania he lapuwale, palupalu a maʻalahi ka Palani i ka kamaʻāina (20 mau makahiki i waiho ʻia ma mua o ke kipi ʻana ma Palani), ka Pelekane i hoʻopiʻi ʻia no ka hoʻowahāwahā haʻaheo no nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, nā Kelemania, e like me kā Kant, hoʻohui i nā manaʻo o ka nani a me ka mea hanohano, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ikaika. a me ke kauoha aloha. Ua manaʻo ʻo Kant i ka poʻe India he lāhui maikaʻi loa no ko lākou manaʻo i ka wahine. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻeleʻele a me nā Iudaio i nā huaʻōlelo lokomaikaʻi a ka mea kākau o "Observations ...".
21. ʻO Moses Hertz, kahi haumana a Kant, i loaʻa iā ia kahi kope o ka puke "Critique of Pure Reason" mai ke kumu mai, a hoʻihoʻi ʻia, heluhelu hapa wale ʻia (i kēlā mau lā he maʻalahi ke hoʻoholo inā heluhelu ʻia ka puke - e ʻoki ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ma mua o ka heluhelu ʻana. I loko o kahi leka uhi, ua kākau ʻo Hertz ʻaʻole ʻo ia i heluhelu hou i ka puke no ka makaʻu i ka pupule. ʻO kekahi haumāna ʻē aʻe, ʻo Johann Herder, i wehewehe i ka puke ma ke ʻano he "hunk hard" a me "pūnaewele kaumaha". Ua ʻaʻa kekahi o nā haumāna o ke Kulanui o Jena i kahi hoa hana e hana i kahi duel - ua ʻaʻa ka impudent e ʻōlelo ʻoiai ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kula nui no 30 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka Critique of Pure Reason. Ua kāhea ʻo Leo Tolstoy i ka ʻōlelo o "Critikism ..." hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia.
ʻO ka paʻi mua o ka loiloi o ke kumu kūpono
22. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hale ponoʻī o Kant ma 1784 wale nō, ma hope o ka piha makahiki he 60. Ua kūʻai ʻia ka hale i ke kikowaena kūlanakauhale no 5,500 guilders. Ua kūʻai aku ʻo Kant iā ia mai ka wahine kāne make a ka mea pena kiʻi i pena i kāna kiʻi kaulana. ʻOiai ʻelima mau makahiki ma mua, ua ʻepekema kaulana ka honua, e hōʻuluʻulu ana i kahi papa inoa o nā mea no ka neʻe ʻana i kahi keʻena hou, e like me ke kī, ka paka, kahi ʻōmole waina, kahi inika, kahi hulu, lole wāwae pō a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻolilo ʻia nā loaʻa kālā āpau i ka hale a me nā lilo. ʻO Kant, no ka laʻana, makemake ʻo ia e ʻai koʻikoʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, akā ʻai ʻo ia i ka hui o 5 mau kānaka. ʻAʻole i pale ʻo Shyness i ka ʻepekema mai ka noho ʻana i kahi aloha ʻāina. Loaʻa iā ia he 236 mau thalers i hoʻokahi makahiki ma Königsberg, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā hana me ka uku o 600 thalers ma Halle a me 800 thalers ma Mitau.
23. ʻOiai ʻo ka hana a Kant i nānā nui ai i ka aesthetics a me ke ʻano o ka nani, ua aneane kakaikahi kāna ʻike noʻeau ponoʻī ma mua o ka ʻāina. ʻO Koenigsberg nā wahi i waho o nā ʻāina Kelemania, ʻaʻole wale ma ka ʻōlelo honua. ʻAʻohe o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i ke kūlanakauhale. I nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino o nā kaona he mau kahakaha wale nō na Rembrandt, Van Dyck a me Durer. ʻAʻole i hiki aku ka pena ʻ Italiankālia i Koenigsberg. Hele ʻo Kant i nā ʻahamele mele ma waho o ka pono e alakaʻi i kahi ola honua, makemake e hoʻolohe i nā hana solo no hoʻokahi mea kani. Ua kamaʻāina ʻo ia i nā mele Kelemānia hou, akā ʻaʻole i waiho i nā loiloi maikaʻi e pili ana i ia.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua kamaʻāina ʻo Kant me nā mele a me nā moʻokalaleo kahiko, a me nā hana a nā mea kākau satirical o nā manawa āpau.
24. I ka makahiki 1788, ua koho ʻia ʻo Kant i rector o ke Kulanui o Königsberg. Na ka hana pilikino a King Frederick Wilhelm II, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka uku o ka ʻepekema i 720 mau thalers. Akā, ua pōkole ke aloha. ʻO ka mōʻī kahi pēpē palupalu i makemake ʻia i ka lima o nā mea hale. Ma ka lohi, ua lanakila ka ʻaoʻao o ka poʻe e kūʻē iā Kant a me kāna mau hana ma ka ʻaha. Ua hoʻomaka nā pilikia me ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o nā puke; pono ʻo Kant e kākau i nā mea e pili ana i nā mea he nui. Aia kekahi mau lono e pono iā Kant e haʻalele i ka lehulehu i kāna mau manaʻo. Ua kōkua ke koho ʻana o ka ʻepekema i ka Russian Academy. Ua pāpā aku ka mōʻī iā Kant, akā ʻaʻole i ka lehulehu, akā i kahi leka paʻa.
25. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻomaka koke ʻo Kant e ulu i ka decpit. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, hoʻemi ʻo ia, a laila oki loa ka hele ʻana, kākau ʻemi a liʻiliʻi hoʻi, hōʻino ka ʻike a me ka lohe. Lohi ka hana, ʻelima mau makahiki i hala, akā ʻaʻole hiki. Ma ka hola 11:00 o Pepeluali 12, 1804, ua make ke akeakamai nui. Ua kanu lākou iā Immanuel Kant i ka crypt o ke Kumu ma ka paia ʻākau o ka Hale Pule Königsberg. Kūkulu hou ʻia ka crypt i nā manawa he nui. Ua loaʻa iā ia kona ʻano i kēia manawa i 1924. Ua ola ka crypt i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻelua, ke lilo ʻo Königsberg i mau ʻōpala.
Tomb a me kia hoʻomanaʻo no Kant
