"ʻAʻohe holoholona i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka pōpoki!" - wahi a ka ʻiole iole i loko o ka moʻolelo kaʻao kaulana. Ua noho ka mea hana nui Lūkini i kēlā mau wā kūpuna, ke ʻike ka lehulehu kūpono i nāʻiole wale nō i loko o nā hale kia, a maʻule wale nā wahine i ka huaʻōlelo "ʻiole". A laila, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi holoholona o nā ʻiole ʻohana iole e hāpai ana i ka palaoa mai nā hale ʻai: he ʻiole nui a ʻoi loa a iole a iole ʻuʻuku paha.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua mau ka ʻiole i kā lākou niche o nā pōkā liʻiliʻi o nā huahana kahua. Akā ukali nā ʻiole i ke kāne a hiki i luna o ke kaulahao meaʻai. Ua hoʻololi ʻia i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka meaʻai ka mea liʻiliʻi i hōʻino ʻia e lākou. ʻAʻole i puka i waho ke kanaka mai ka lua o nā maʻi ahulau i hoʻomaka ʻia e nā ʻiole. Ua pale lākou me ka maʻi ahulau ma ke kumu kūʻai no nā ola he mau miliona wale nō, akā, me nā pohō lehulehu hoʻi o nā kamaʻāina.
ʻO nā mea ʻelua ma ka New a me ka Newest manawa, kahi trifle wāwae ʻehā (ʻo ke kaupaona keu a hiki i 500 g me ka lōʻihi o 35 cm) e hōʻino loa i ke kanaka. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua koho ʻia ma ka ʻumi biliona kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua pau ka loiloi ʻana - uku nā ʻoihana inikua, inā ʻeha ka poʻo. A pehea e loiloi ai i ka hoʻoweliweli gobbled up a cable ikaika inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi pōkole pōkole i kēia manawa. A i ʻole ka puka i ʻiole nāʻiole ma o ka pōhaku paʻa o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻelua mika? Inā noho nā pōpoki "me kahi kanaka", a laila noho nāʻiole "kūʻē i ke kanaka", a i ka manawa like ua maikaʻi lākou. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu nui i nā mea make, ʻaʻohe mea ʻino e hiki ke hemo iā lākou, hāʻawi ke kanaka i nā ʻōpala no ka meaʻai, he aha hou aʻe kahi holoholona e pono ai e hoʻohua hou?
1. Ua pepehi ʻia ka ʻoihana politika kūhelu o ka ʻepekema ʻEnelani Bertrand Russell e nā ʻiole. I ka makahiki 1907, ua koho ʻia ʻo Russell no ka Pelekikena Pelekane mai ka Aoao Liberala. ʻO ke kiko nui o ka papahana a ka poʻe liberal i kākoʻo i nā mea ʻokiʻoki - nā kākoʻo o ke kaulike piha no nā wahine. No laila, ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻolohe ana i ka hālāwai, a me kahi a Russell i wehe ai i ka hoʻouka kaua, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka moekolohe kūpono. I ka manawa like me ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻōlelo a ka moho ʻōpio no ka pāremata, ua kū he mau kakini nui he nui i ka ʻaoʻao nui o ka hale. Ua mākaukau ka nānā ʻana a me ka weliweli i ka hālāwai ʻana, a ʻaʻole ʻo Russell i hoʻāʻo hou e komo i ka politika i ke aupuni kuʻuna.
2. I ka makahiki 1948, ua kipaku ka pūʻali koa US i nā kānaka mai ka Mākala ʻAilana, a lākou i ili ai mai ke Kaua Honua ʻElua. ʻO nā mokupuni o ka Moana Pākīpika, nona ka heluna kanaka he mau kakini mau kānaka, me he mea lā ʻo ka poʻe o ka Pentagon kahi kūpono no nā hoʻokolohua nukelea. ʻO ka pahū mua atomic, e like me nā wanana a nā ʻepekema, i manaʻo ʻia e luku i nā ola āpau ma ke atoll, no laila ua pae nā mea noiʻi ma ka Enewetok Atoll, kahi i kū ai ka pahū, ʻelua wale nō mau makahiki i hala. I ko lākou pūʻiwa, ʻaʻole wale kekahi o nā mea kanu i ola ma ka mokupuni - ke kūpikipiki nei ke atoll me nā ʻiole, a ua pakele paha i nā lua lalo. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā loli kūloko i loko o lākou, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ke kaiapuni ua ʻae nā ʻiole ma Eniwetok e pāpālua i ko lākou ola. ʻO ia ka manawa he mau manaʻo e pili ana i kahi make make i ke kanaka, e noho ka ʻiole ma ka Honua.
3. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea i kēlā me kēia makahiki he mau kaukani ka poʻe e make i ka nahuʻi a nāʻiole a he mau haneli mau tausani i hōʻeha ʻia, aia nō ka nui o nā ipo iole e makemake i ka nohona ʻiole ma mua o ka nohona kanaka. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine o ka noʻonoʻo o kēia poʻe mai kahi manaʻo kū kānāwai, a pono e sophisticated nā luna i mea e hiki ai ke pale i nā mea aloha holoholona. Ma Kikako, i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1970, ua pane nō naʻe nā luna kūloko i nā hoʻopiʻi mai nā kamaʻāina o kekahi o nā wahi hanohano. Ua namunamu nā hoalauna e pili ana i ka makuahine a me kāna kaikamahine, nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka honua holoʻokoʻa i loko o kahi hale liʻiliʻi - ma hope o ka helu ʻana he 500 mau ʻiole i noho i ka hale. ʻO nā wahine, ʻo ka hiapo o lākou he 74 mau makahiki, a ʻo ka muli loa 47, kū maoli i pale i nā ʻiole me ko lākou umauma. I ka manawa i hoʻoholo ai ka mākaʻi e komo i loko o ka hale, ua uhi ʻia ka papahele me kahi papa o ka excrement mau kenimika ka mānoanoa, ua hoʻouka aku nā wahine iā lākou me nā kuʻi. Holo ka poʻe kīwī kīwī - hoʻouka kaua nā ʻiole iā lākou me he mea lā, me he mea lā ua ʻike maoli lākou i ke kumu o ka hewa i ka honua hou. Ua komo nā limahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma ka hale ma hope wale nō o ka make ʻana o nā mākaʻi i kahi mau kakini iole - ma mua o ka makaʻu. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia no lākou - pono lākou e lawe i kahi toniona o nā ʻōpala iole mai ka hale o nā "Rat Ladies".
4. ʻO ka pōʻino weliweli loa no ka Emepera o Palani ʻo Napoleon Bonaparte, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ke Kaua o Waterloo, a ma hope iho ua nalowale nā manawa āpau e mālama i ka mana. Eia nō naʻe, ua ola i ke kanaka Waterloo, ua make ʻo Napoleon ma muli o ka iole Waterloo. Ma ka mokupuni ʻo St. Helena, kahi i hoʻokau pio ʻia ai ka mōʻī emepaea, ua ʻoluʻolu ka ʻiole a piʻi lākou i ka papaʻaina i ka wā o ka ʻaina awakea. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e loaʻa nā moa ma ka mokupuni i pau i ka holo pono ʻole o nā manu - ua aʻo nā ʻiole i ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau a kuʻi i lalo nā moa lele e hoʻāʻo e lele. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻawahia i nā ʻiole wale nō ka mea i hoʻomāhuahua i ke kūlana - ʻaʻohe mea liʻiliʻi iki, akā ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi pilau weliweli i nā pilikia mai iā lākou. I ka manawa i loaʻa iā Napoleon kahi iole a i loko o kāna pāpale moa i makemake ʻia. No laila he mea hiki nō i ka maʻi a Napoleon i ʻeha ai a make ʻino hoʻi ke kumu o nāʻiole.
5. ʻO nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka ʻaihue a ʻai ʻia ʻana o nā ʻiole a hiki ke hoʻopiha i kahi puke holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka momona i nā huaʻōlelo, ua noho nāʻiole i ka hale aliʻi o ka sheikh o United Arab Emirates. I nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe Pelekania e uku i nā mea nui ʻole i nā aliʻi kolone - no lākou iho - no ka aila i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina o ka sheikh. Ua hana ʻia ka uku i ke kālā i loko o nā ʻeke. ʻAʻole ʻike i kekahi mea o nā lua gula a me nā Rolls-Royces, pelu wale ka luna i nā ʻeke ma lalo o kahi moe. Ua hana nāʻiole iā ia i nā paona pōʻino a luku ʻia 2 miliona mau paona. Ke nānā nei i ka hoʻonui kālā, ʻo ka nui i kēia manawa he 30 miliona. A ʻo nā ʻaihue liʻiliʻi me ka ʻai kālā ke hana nei i nā manawa āpau.
6. Hāpai kaʻiole i 35 mau maʻi weliweli i nā kānaka. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā koʻokoʻo iā lākou iho he mau halihali maʻamau - ʻaʻole ʻeha nā mea ola i nā maʻi (koe ka maʻi ahulau). A ʻaʻohe mea hōʻoia e pau ka papa inoa o nā maʻi i ʻike ʻia. Ma waho aʻe o ka typhoid kaulana loa, leptospirosis a me nā fiva, nā maʻi i hiki ke kapa ʻia he exotic, inā ʻaʻole no nā hopena weliweli, i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa. I ka hala ʻana o nā makahiki 1970, ua make kekahi mau lawaiʻa i ka maʻi maʻi ʻike ʻole ʻia ma Nu Ioka. Ua hoʻohoka ʻia lākou i ka mea i kapa ʻia. ʻO ka maʻi o Weil kahi maʻi i loaʻa i ka mimi iole. Ua hāʻule lākou i ka lepo, me ka honua ua ʻai ʻia lākou e nā ilo, kahi i hopu ai nā lawaiʻa laki ʻole i ka iʻa.
7. Manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema e pili ana i kā lākou hopena i ke kaiāulu, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohālikelike i ka mōʻaukala i nā maʻi ʻino a me nā ʻutu e noho ana ma luna o lākou. ʻO nā maʻi ahulau o ka ulia (aia he 85 o lākou i ka huina nui) i hōʻemi ʻia i ka nui o ka nui (ka heluna kanaka a me ka helu o nā kūlanakauhale he ʻumi haneli pākēneka) a me nā hoʻololi kūlike i ke kaiāulu kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia paha ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka maʻi ahulau i ka helu o nā limahana i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻopau ʻia o ka hilinaʻi feudal ma ʻEulopa.
8. Hiki i nāʻiole ke hoʻohua wikiwiki. Inā hele mākou mai ka makemakika maʻemaʻe, a laila hiki i hoʻokahi pālua o nā ʻiole a me kāna keiki ke hoʻohua ma mua o 300 miliona mau kānaka i loko o ʻekolu mau makahiki. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hoʻohuli nā kumu kūlohelohe kūwaho i ka kope nui ʻana o nāʻiole. Mālama ke kūlohelohe i ka palena ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau rodents "ma kēlā ʻaoʻao". Ke hōʻea ka helu o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kekahi waiwai, haʻalele kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohana iā ia, hele a ikaika loa kahi ʻāpana a make koke ia, a hoʻoliʻiliʻi wale kahi hapa o ke ola. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ke ola awelika o kahi ʻiole kāne ma kahi o 6 mau mahina, ʻoiai e noho iki ana nā wahine.
9. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia e hōʻoia i nā ʻiole a me nā ʻino a lākou e hana ai, akā ʻūlū lākou i nā mea āpau ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e kiʻi i ka meaʻai. Ua koi ʻia lākou e hana i kēia me ka ulu mau ʻana o nā incisors. Pono lākou e wili ʻia e 14.3 a me 11.3 cm, i kēlā me kēia, i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He mea nui kēia e pono ai - ʻoiai inā ʻoniʻoki nā incisors i mea e hoʻomaha ʻole ai i nā iwi ʻē aʻe o ka iwi poʻo, no ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou i kā lākou hana nui. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻiole i ka nakeke i hopena ʻia ma ke ʻano he radar rangefinder, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ke kani i hōʻike ʻia mai nā mea kūwaho.
10. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa nāʻiole i ke kino. Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i ka paia ākea. Hiki iā lākou ke kolo i loko o nā paipu kaulike inā kūpono ke anawaena o loko (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaha i kou kua i ka paia ʻē aʻe o ka paipu). Lele nā iole i ka mika i ka loa a me ke kiʻekiʻe. Ke hāʻule mai kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, pae lākou i ʻehā mau wāwae. Ua nānā nā mākaʻi mākaʻi ma ka muliwai ʻo Hudson ma Nu Ioka i kahi manawa i nānā ai ʻekolu mau iole no ʻekolu mau hola, me ke kū ʻole a me ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā moku e hele aku ana, ʻau aku ma kēlā kapa o ka muliwai ākea mai kekahi ʻaoʻao a i kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻIke ka poʻe luina i nā manawa he nui e lana ana nā iole i loko o ka moku o nā moku i piholo i ke kai ākea ʻekolu lā i hala.
11. ʻO ka "Mōʻī Kiʻi", ʻo ia i ka Middle Ages i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻiole e noho ana ma nā huelo i hui pū ʻia o nā ʻumi mau tausani ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa i hālāwai me nā poʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau ʻiole kēia i hoʻopili ʻia nā huelo a i ke kiko o ke coalescence. Aia a hiki i 32 o lākou. Nānā hope nā ʻepekema i kēlā mau ʻiole ma 1963. ʻO ke kuhiakau kūpono loa no ke ʻano o nā "mōʻī rat" hiki ke kuhi e pili ana i ka ulu wikiwiki loa o nā keiki i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e wehe ai i kā lākou huelo, akā paʻakikī e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka ulu ulu o nā ʻiole ʻiole. Wahi a ka apt expression o kekahi o nā kānaka noiʻi, i kēia manawa ʻike ka ʻepekema e pili ana i nā "mōʻī iole" e like me ka ʻike o ka poʻe mahiʻai medieval.
12. I nā kenekulia 19 a me kinohi o ke kenekulia, makemake nui ʻia nā leʻaleʻa iole. Eia nō naʻe, hana wale nā rodents i loko o lākou ma ke ʻano he mea - ua ʻino lākou e nā ʻīlio. Ua paʻi ʻia nā hōʻike e pili ana i nā hoʻokūkū i nā nūpepa, a ua mālama ʻia nā hakakā me nā ʻiole no nā ʻāpana āpau o ka lehulehu - ʻo kēia "haʻuki" wale nō ke kū kānāwai i waena o ka poʻe koko. No laila, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻoihana e pili pū ana: ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻiole a kūʻai aku iā lākou i nā mea nona nā "stable" iole. Ma Ladana wale nō, ua hōʻea ke koi no nā ʻiole i 2000 i ka pule. ʻAʻole i lohi ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a hui pū me ka politika me nāʻiole. I kekahi mau mokuʻāina, pāpā ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiole, a ua hopu ʻia nā mākaʻi o kēia ʻano leʻaleʻa e ka mākaʻi, a ma nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka 100 tikika ke loaʻa ka tikika no ka maunu ʻO nā ʻīlio hoʻomaʻamaʻa - nā terriers bull ma mua o ka poʻe poʻokela - hiki ke luku i nā ʻiole he haneli i ka hola a me ka hapa. A ʻo ka mea makemake nui loa i ka hana maunu rat ʻo Charles Darwin.
13. Ua hoʻāʻo lōʻihi ka poʻe e hoʻopili i nā holoholona like ʻole - ko lākou ʻenemi kūlohelohe - i ka hakakā ʻana me nāʻiole. Ua kūleʻa kekahi mau hoʻāʻo ma mua. ʻO kahi laʻana, i nā kūlanakauhale, ua kaupalena nā pōpoki i ka mahele hāʻawi o nā ʻiole me ka maikaʻi, a ua hakakā maikaʻi nā mongoose a me nā manu o ka iʻa i nā māla me nā koʻokoʻo Akā ʻaʻole kekahi o nā mea ola o ka hakakā ʻana i nāʻiole i kōkua e hoʻokō i kahi lanakila piha. ʻO nā mongoose ma Hawaii ka mea kokoke loa i ka kūleʻa. Ua kipaku maoli lākou i nāʻiole i loko o kā lākou mau lua ʻaʻole i ʻae iā lākou e hele i waho, akā i ke ao wale nō. I ka pō, ʻo nāʻiole, ʻoiai me ke akahele, hana ʻino mau i nā māla. A ʻo nā mongoose, ka lahilahi o ka nui o nāʻiole, lawe i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, a hoʻomaka e hoʻopau iā lākou i kēia manawa, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ana i nā ʻano holoholona o nā mokupuni.
14. ʻO ka mea hopu iole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a mau ke kāne. ʻO ka ʻoihana o ka mea hopu iole i ka wā waena ua mahalo ʻia; ʻo nā mea hakakā me nā koʻokoʻo he guilds a me nā kuleana. Ma Frankfurt, Kelemania, kahi Iudaio nāna i hōʻike i 5000 mau huelo iole i nā luna i loaʻa nā kuleana like me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ka mea hoʻouluulu i nā hopena maikaʻi, akā ʻo ka ideology a i ʻole ka manaʻoʻiʻo, e like me ka mana o India a me Kina paha, i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana - 12 miliona mauʻiole i hoʻopau ʻia ma India, a ʻo nā komunista Kina, alakaʻi ʻia e Mao Zedong, ua hōʻike pū kekahi i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua biliona mau ʻenemi o nā mea kanu a me nā hale papaʻa. Aia kekahi mau ʻano hoihoi - ma ka mokupuni ʻo Indonesia ʻo Java, hiki ke loaʻa kahi laikini male ma ka lawe ʻana mai i 25 mau huelo ʻiole. Hoʻomaka ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana o nā huelo hānai i loko o nā hale hana akamai, a i ka pane ʻana i ke koi no kahi kupapaʻu holoʻokoʻa, ua ʻike ʻia nā mahiʻai ʻiole holoʻokoʻa.
15. Ma ka lā 20 Iulai 1944 ma 19:00, e hoʻolele ka lekiō o Berlin i kahi puke kūkala nūhou pōkole. Ma kahi o, ua pūʻiwa ka poʻe Kelemania i ka nūhou ua pepehi ʻia ʻo Hitler. Ma ka hopena o ka pahū, ʻaʻole i ʻeha ka Fuhrer, aia wale nā ʻeha a me nā wela i koe. ʻAʻohe nūhou hou aʻe, a ʻo ke kahua lekiō e hoʻopau ana i ka papa hana o ka papahana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolaha i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūʻali koa. Ua kūkala mua ʻia kahi kūkākūkā e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hakakā ʻana i nāʻiole.
16. I loko o kahi nūpepa ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika ʻo ʻIlika, ua paʻi ʻia kahi ʻatikala i loaʻa kahi papahana waiwai nui loa o kahi hui pōpoki a me nā holoholona iole. Ma nā panalāʻau e pili kokoke ana, ua noi ʻia e hāpai like i 100,000 mau pōpoki a me hoʻokahi miliona mau ʻiole. Noi ʻia e hānau i nā pōpoki no nā ʻili, he 30 keneta ke kumu kūʻai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i nā pōpoki me ka ʻiʻo o nā pua o nā ʻiole, kahi e kope hou ai i ʻehā mau manawa ma mua o nā pōpoki. ʻO nā iole, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pono e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo o nā pōpoki i ʻili ʻia. ʻO kēia pōʻai pōpoki pōpoki kupaianaha i nānā pono ʻole ʻia a paʻi hou ʻia ka ʻatikala e nā nūpepa alakaʻi o ka mokuʻāina. Hoʻomaka lākou e loaʻa nā leka, nā mea kākau e hoihoi i kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kahi hāʻawi, a he aha ka nui loa. I ka hōʻaiʻē o ka mea kākau o ka leka, ua noho inoa ʻole ʻia ʻo ia, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka makahiki 1875, kahi i paʻi ʻia ai kāna poʻokela poʻokela, me ka hoʻonui ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā scam e like me ia ma United States.
17. I ka makahiki 1660, ua alakaʻi ka British Britain Robert Boyle a me kāna namesake Hook i ka hoʻokolohua hapalua o ka lāʻau, hapa-meaola me nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele. Ma hope, ua ʻike ko lākou mau hoapili i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki i ke kaʻina o ka iole nā hana a pau i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka mai ka hānau ʻana a hiki i ka ʻelemakule. No nā kenekulia he nui, ʻo ka ʻiole kekahi o nā holoholona nui loa no nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. Hoʻohana ʻia he haneli miliona mau ʻiole no ka noiʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke kūʻai aku nei ʻo Charles River Laboratory ma USA wale nō a hiki i 20 miliona mau iole hoʻokolohua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā lāʻau, i aʻo mua ʻia i nāʻiole, hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana ʻoki a me nā ʻeha pū, ke anuanu a me nā puʻupuʻu, ka maʻi diabetes a me nā maʻi o ka maʻi puʻuwai. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i kahi kanaka olakino kūpono ke kaena i ka hana ʻole ʻana me nā lāʻau i hoʻāʻo ʻia i nā ʻiole. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia kanaka nunui ka lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokahi.
18. E like me ka mea maʻamau i ke kaua kūʻē i nā hanana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe mana o ke aupuni a ke aupuni a ke aupuni a ke aupuni a ke aupuni a ke aupuni. I nā mokuʻāina he nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hele ka kāohi iole i ke kaʻina o nā pae like. I ka mua, ua hele nāʻiole mai nā wahi ʻoihana a i nā wahi noho ʻilihuna. A laila komo nā koʻokoʻo i ka hapahā papa, ka mea e hoʻoholo maʻamau i ke kulekele o nā luna kūloko. Aia ka pioloke, i piʻi i kekahi manawa i ka pae pae ʻāina. I nā makahiki 1960, ua koi nā mea e eo ai nā iole i kūlike me ka hakakā ʻAmelika o nā pono kīvila.Ua mele ʻo Martin Luther King a me kona mau hoahānau i ka "We Demand the Rat Bill!" - ʻōlelo lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ko mākou pilikia ma mua o nā keiki i nahu ʻia e nā ʻiole. A laila kaomi ʻia ʻana o ke kālā no ka hakakā me nāʻiole. ʻO ka hopena, i nā mokuʻāina i loaʻa kālā no ka awelika o $ 50 no kēlā me kēia kanaka, ua hoʻonā ʻia ka pilikia o ka ʻiole. Akā koho ʻia ʻo Congressmen ma ka awelika i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua, a hoʻi hou ka nui o ka ʻiole i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma ka moʻohelu kālā e hiki mai ana, poina nāʻiole a hoʻi koke i nā ʻōpala momona. Ma Berlin, i ka 1920, ma ke ʻano he maʻa o ka hoʻouka kaua maʻamau, ʻaʻole lākou i hakakā me nāʻiole wale nō, akā ua hoʻopaʻi pinepine hoʻi i nā mea nona ka ʻāina i ʻike ʻia nā ʻiole. ʻO nā uku draconian ʻole i hana hou ʻia nāʻiole i ke Kaua Honua II.
19. Loaʻa ka ʻono o nāʻiole, a me ke theoretically hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana like ʻole, e like me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea pahū a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ke kuhikuhi nei i ka hana a kaʻiole i ke ʻaoʻao kūpono e hele pinepine mai me nā kumukūʻai e pili ana i nā hana kuʻuna e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻohana. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e like me ka hiki i ka hana o nā ʻiole ke noʻonoʻo pono, wānana i nā hanana a hoʻohui i nā hana like. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale i nā ʻepekema mai ka loaʻa hou ʻana o nā haʻawina noiʻi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nāʻiole kokoke i ka lei o ka ulu.
20. Ma ka ʻākau hikina o India, ʻike nā mokuʻāina ma waena o Myanmar a me Bangladesh i kahi pōʻino kūlohelohe ʻole e pili ana i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia hapalua kenekulia. Ma hope o ka pua ʻana o kaʻohe, kahi ʻano o nā mea e pua i kēia wahi i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 50 mau makahiki, luku nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka laiki a me nā hua ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻohe i ka hema. Neʻe mālie ka pua i ka ʻākau. Pēlā nō, neʻe nā miliona o nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele ma lalo o nā māla mahiʻai e ʻohi i ka hua holoʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi pō. ʻIke ʻia kēia pōʻino i ke kenekulia 18, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻole a kūʻē paha iā ia. Ua kōkua nā Pelekane a me ke aupuni waena o India i nā kamaʻāina i nalowale kā lākou mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo i nā ʻiole. Hoʻolaha ke aupuni ma Delhi i kēlā me kēia makahiki i kahi makana o 2 rupe (kahi rupee ma ke ana o hoʻokahi ma lalo o kahi ruble) no ka huelo o kahi ʻiole. Pepehi ʻia nā rodents i loko o nā tausani he mau kaukani, a i ka makahiki maʻamau he loaʻa kālā keu kēia no nā kamaʻāina kūloko, akā i ka makahiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana o kaʻiole, ʻaʻole nō ia e hōʻoia i ke ola. A no ke kenekulia e hiki mai ana, nalowale pono nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele mai nā wahi kūloko, kahi helu no 10% wale nō o ka nui o ka iole.
