ʻOʻIvan Fedorov

ʻOʻIvan Fedorov (ʻo ia kekahi ʻO Fedorovich, Moskvitin) - kekahi o nā mea paʻi puke Lūkini mua. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "ka mīkini paʻi puke Lūkini mua" ma muli o ka mea ʻo ia ka mea hoʻopuka o ka puke paʻi paʻi ʻia me ka pololei i kākau ʻia ma Rūsia, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻ Apostlelelo.

I loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino ʻo ʻIvan Fedorov, nui nā mea hoihoi mai kona ola pilikino a me nā hana ʻoihana.

No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o ʻIvan Fedorov.

Kawaihae o Ivan Fedorov

ʻO ka lā hānau maoli o ʻIvana Fedorov ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi o 1520 i ka Grand Duchy o Moscow.

I ka manawa 1529-1532. Ua aʻo ʻo ʻIvana i ke Kulanui ʻo Jagiellonian, i kēia lā aia i ke kūlanakauhale Polani o Krakow.

Wahi a nā mōʻaukala Lūkia, ua noho nā kūpuna o Fedorov i nā ʻāina no Belarus.

Ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ke kula nui, ua koho ʻia ʻo ʻIvana i diakona i ka hale pule o St. Nicholas Gostunsky. I kēlā manawa, ua lilo ʻo Metropolitan Macarius i kumu nāna, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e launa pū.

Hale paʻi mua

Ua noho ʻo Ivan Fedorov a hana i ke au o ʻIvani IV ka weliweli. Ma 1552 ua kauoha ka Lūkini Lūkini e hoʻomaka i kahi ʻoihana paʻi ma Church Slavonic ma Moscow.

ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā ma mua ua hana ʻia nā hana ma ka ʻōlelo Slavonic Church, akā ua paʻi ʻia ma waho.

Ma ke kauoha a ʻIvani ka weliweli, ua lawe ʻia mai i Lūkia kahi haku Denemaka nona ka inoa ʻo Hans Messingheim. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana i kūkulu ʻia ai ka hale paʻi mua ma ka mokuʻāina.

Ma hope o kēlā, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mīkini like me nā leka mai Polani, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka paʻi puke ʻana.

Ma 1563 ua wehe ka tsar i ka Hale Paʻi ʻo Moscow, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka waihona kālā mokuʻāina. I kēia makahiki e hiki mai ana, e paʻi ʻia ka puke kaulana "ʻApopolo" na ʻIvan Fyodorov ma aneʻi.

Ma hope o ka "lunaʻōlelo" hoʻopuka ʻia ka puke "The Book of Hours". Ua pili pololei ʻo Fedorov i ka paʻi ʻia o nā hana ʻelua, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻike he nui.

ʻAe ʻae ʻia ua ʻike ʻo ʻIvana ka weliweli iā Fedorov ma ke ʻano he haumāna a Messingheim i hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ka ʻike.

I kēlā manawa, ʻokoʻa ka hale pule i ka hana o ka hale pule o kēia au. Ua komo pū nā kāhuna i ke aʻo ʻana i ka lehulehu, a ʻo ka hopena ua pili nā puke āpau i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā pilina ʻē aʻe me nā ʻōlelo laʻa.

ʻIke mākou mai nā palapala hilinaʻi i ka manawa i puhi pinepine ʻia ai ka Hale Paʻi ʻo Moscow. Ma muli o ka hana a nā mōneka kākau moʻolelo, ka mea i lilo ka loaʻa kālā mai ka hale hana paʻi puke.

Ma 1568, ma ke kauoha a ʻIvani ka weliweli, neʻe aku ʻo Fedorov i ka Grand Duchy o Lituania.

Ma ke ala, ua kū ka mea paʻi puke puke Lūkini ma ka Apana ʻo Grodnyansky, i ka hale o ke koa mua ʻo Grigory Khodkevich. I ka manawa i ʻike ai ʻo Chodkevich ʻo wai kāna malihini, ʻo ia, ma ke ʻano he luna hana, ua noi iā Fedorov e kōkua i ka wehe ʻana i kahi hale paʻi kūloko.

Ua pane ka haku i ka noi a i ka makahiki like, ma ke kūlanakauhale o Zabludovo, ua wehe ʻia ka wehe nui o ka pā paʻi.

Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ʻIvani Fedorov, ua paʻi kēia hale paʻi i ka mea mua, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka puke wale nō - "The Gospel's Gospel". Ua hana ʻia kēia i ka manawa 1568-1569.

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu pau ka hale paʻi. ʻO kēia ma muli o ke kūlana politika. Ma 1569 ua hoʻopau ʻia ka Union of Lublin, nāna i kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka Commonwealth.

ʻAʻole kēia mau hanana āpau i hauʻoli loa iā ʻIvani Fedorov, ka mea makemake e hoʻomau i ka paʻi ʻana i nā puke. No kēia kumu, hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hele i Lviv e kūkulu i kāna hale paʻi ponoʻī ma laila.

I ka hōʻea ʻana i Lviv, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Fedorov kahi pane mai nā luna kūloko e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana o kahi pā paʻi. I ka manawa like, hōʻole nā kāhuna pule kūloko ʻaʻole e kālā i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale paʻi, makemake i ka helu kanaka ʻana o nā puke.

Akā naʻe, ua mālama ʻo ʻIvan Fedorov i kahi kālā i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e hoʻokō i kāna pahuhopu. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e paʻi a kūʻai aku i nā puke.

Ma 1570 ua paʻi ʻo Fedorov i ka ----------------. Ma hope o 5 mau makahiki, ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻo no ka Derman Holy Trinity Monastery, akā ma hope o 2 mau makahiki ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūkulu i kahi hale paʻi hou me ke kākoʻo o Prince Konstantin Ostrozhsky.

Ua hana kūleʻa ka hale paʻi ʻo Ostroh, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā hana hou he nui e like me "Alphabet", "Primer" a me "Greek-Russian Church Slavonic book for reading. I ka makahiki 1581, ua paʻi ʻia ka Baibala kaulana ʻo Ostrog.

I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻonoho ʻo ʻIvan Fedorov i kāna keiki i luna o ka hale paʻi, a ua hele ʻo ia i nā huakaʻi ʻoihana i nā ʻāina like ʻole o ʻEulopa.

Ma ia mau huakaʻi, ua haʻi aku ka mea hana lima Lūkia i kona ʻike me nā mea paʻi puke haole. Ua ʻimi ʻo ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻi ʻana o nā puke a loaʻa i ka poʻe i hiki.

Ke ola pilikino

ʻAʻohe o mākou ʻike e pili ana i ke ola pilikino o ʻIvan Fedorov, koe wale nō ua male ʻo ia a he ʻelua a kāna keiki kāne.

Me ka pīhoihoi, ua lilo kāna keiki hiapo i paʻi paʻi puke i hoʻokō ʻia.

Ua make ka wahine a Fedorov ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana o kāna kāne iā Moscow. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau mea kākau moʻolelo o ka haku i ke kumumanaʻo i ʻōlelo ʻia ua make ka wahine i ka hānau ʻana o kāna keikikāne ʻelua, ʻaʻole ia i ola.