ʻO Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) - ka Lūkini Lūkini a me ka ʻepekema anatomical, naturalist, kumu, polopeka, mea kākau o ka atlas mua o anatomy topographic, hoʻokumu o ke keʻena kahua koa Lūkia a hoʻokumu i ke kula anesthesia Lūkini. Kūkākūkā Puʻukū.
Nui a hewahewa nā mea i hoihoi ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo pilikino o Pirogov, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia ʻatikala.
No laila, ma mua ou kahi moʻolelo pōkole o Nikolai Pirogov.
Kawaihae o Pirogov
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Nikolai Pirogov ma Nowemapa 13 (25), 1810 ma Moscow. Ua ulu ʻo ia a hānai ʻia i loko o ka ʻohana haipule o ka puʻukū pūʻali koa ʻo ʻIvana ʻInikovich a me kāna wahine ʻo Elizaveta ʻItovovna.
Ma waho o Nikolai, ua hānau ʻia he 13 mau keiki hou aʻe ma ka ʻohana Pirogov, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i make i ka wā kamaliʻi.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua loaʻa i ka luminary ʻepekema i kāna aʻo mua ma ka home. I ka makahiki 12 ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i kahi hale noho pilikino. Ma hope, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i kēia ʻoihana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i kona mau mākua ke uku hou no kā lākou keiki aʻo.
I kona wā ʻōpio, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Pirogov e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻoihana. ʻO ka hopena, ma lalo o ka mana o ke kauka o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻO Erem Mukhin, he hoaaloha me nā mākua o ke keiki, ua makemake ʻo Nikolai e lilo i kauka. Ma hope e kāhea ʻo ia i ke polopeka i kāna kumu aʻo ʻuhane.
Nui ka makemake o Pirogov i ka heluhelu, a no laila lilo i mau manawa i loko o kona waihona puke home, kahi nui loa i ka nui. I ka ʻike ʻana i nā mākaukau koʻikoʻi o Nikolai, ua hana ʻo Mukhin i nā hana he nui e loaʻa iā ia kahi kula kiʻekiʻe.
Eia hou, ua hāʻawi pinepine ke kāne i ke kākoʻo kālā i ka ʻohana Pirogov. I ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he 14 iā Nikolai, ua komo ʻo ia i ke keʻena lapaʻau o ke Kulanui ʻo Imperial Moscow. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i loko o nā palapala i hōʻike ai ʻo ia i 16 mau ona makahiki.
I loko o kēia wā o ka moʻolelo pilikino, ua pilikia nui nā Pirogovs. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mākua ke kūʻai i kahi kapa komo no kā lāua keiki kāne, a no laila pono ʻo ia e hele i nā papa i kahi kapa komo, e ʻeha ana i ka wela.
Ma hope o ka puka ʻana, ua pale kūleʻa ʻo Nikolai i kāna pepa no ke kumuhana: "ʻO ka ligation o ka aorta ʻōpū inā he aneurysm o ka ʻeha ke maʻalahi a palekana?"
Ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka pedagogy
Ke makemake nei e loaʻa ka doctorate i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻokau ʻia ʻo Pirogov e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ke Kulanui o Berlin, me nā haumāna ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi me ka laulima ʻana me nā kaukipila Kelemania ʻike.
I Kelemania, ua hoʻokele ʻo Nikolai e hōʻike i kona mākau i ka hana a loaʻa kahi kūlana ma ke ʻano he loea i mākaukau loa. Hāʻawi maʻalahi ʻia ʻo ia i nā hana paʻakikī loa i hana ʻole ʻia e kekahi e hoʻokō i mua ona.
I ka makahiki 26, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Pirogov i ke kūlana o ke polofesa o ke Keʻena ʻoki kino ma ke Kulanui ʻo Imperial Dorpat. He pīhoihoi ʻo ia ke polopeka Lūkini mua i lilo i poʻo no ka ʻāpana.
Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua kipa ʻo Nikolai Ivanovich i Palani, kahi āna i makemake ai e nānā i nā haukapila kūloko a ʻike i ka pae o nā lāʻau kūloko. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā ʻoihana i hōʻike i ka kauka Lūkia. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kauka Farani kaulana ʻo Velpeau ke aʻo nei i kāna monograp ponoʻī.
I 1841 hoʻi ʻo Pirogov i Lūkia, kahi i hāʻawi koke ʻia ai ʻo ia e alakaʻi i ka ʻoki lāʻau ma ka Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy. I ka like like me kēia, ua poʻo ʻo ia i ka haukapila ʻoihana haukapila āna i hoʻokumu ai.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā meaolaola ʻo Nikolai Pirogov i nā kaukali ʻaoʻao, a ua aʻo nui hoʻi i nā ʻano hana ʻoki āpau i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa. ʻO ka hopena, ua hōʻano hou ʻo ia i nā ʻano hana he nui a hoʻolauna i nā hana loea hou iā lākou. Ma muli o kēia, ua emi ʻo ia ma mua o kāna mau hoapili e kiʻi i ka ʻokiʻoki o nā lālā.
ʻO kekahi o kēia mau loea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Operation Pirogov". I ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaʻalahi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā hana, ua alakaʻi ponoʻī ʻo Pirogov i nā hoʻokolohua anatomical i nā kupapaʻu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO ka hopena, ua alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi aʻo lapaʻau hou - topographic anatomy.
I ke aʻo ʻana i ke kikoʻī i nā hiʻohiʻona āpau o ke kino o ke kanaka, ua paʻi ʻo Nikolai Pirogov i ka atlas anatomical 1st, i hele pū me nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi. Ua lilo kēia hana i puke kuhikuhi no nā kauka holoʻokoʻa.
Mai ia manawa, ua hiki i nā kauka ke hana i nā hana me nā hopena traumatic liʻiliʻi no ka mea maʻi. A laila, lilo ʻo ia i lālā o ka Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Science.
I ka makahiki 27 o Pirogov, ua hele ʻo ia i mua, e makemake ana e hoʻāʻo i kāna mau hana lapaʻau i ka hana. I ka hōʻea ʻana i Caucasus, hoʻohana mua ʻo ia i nā bandages i pulu ʻia i ka starch me nā bandages. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia ia mau lole i mea ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi.
Ua lilo ʻo Nikolai i kauka mua i ka mōʻaukala nāna i hoʻokele pono i ka mea maʻi ma ka māla e hoʻohana ana i ka ether anesthesia. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, e hoʻokō ʻo ia ma kahi o 10,000 mau ʻano hana. I ka hāʻule o 1847, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ka inoa o ka ʻaha kūkā mokuʻāina maoli.
Ma hope o kēlā, ʻo Pirogov ke kauka Lūkini mua i hoʻomaka e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā pā plaster, i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa a puni ka honua. Ua hana ʻia kēia ma ke Kaua Crimean (1853-1856). I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o nā make a me nā ʻoki ʻana, ua māhele ʻo ia i nā kahu maʻi i nā hui 4, a he hana ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia.
ʻO kahi pono nui o ke kaukipō ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi ala hou loa o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka poʻe ʻeha. I ka manawa hou, ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka poʻe ʻeha e like me ka nui o ka paʻakikī i nā hui 5:
- ʻAʻohe manaʻolana a ʻehaʻeha hoʻi.
- Koi ʻia ke kōkua koke.
- Kaumaha, akā hiki ke ola ke lawe ʻia i ka haukapila.
- E hoʻouna ʻia i ka haukapila.
- ʻO ka poʻe me nā hōʻeha liʻiliʻi hiki ke mālama ʻia ma ia wahi.
ʻO kēia hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ua lilo i lawelawe olakino a me ka haʻalele ʻana i nā pūʻali koa. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pono e poina kekahi i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻo Pirogov i ka halihali kūpono a hoʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lio. No kēia mau kumu a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, ua kapa pololei ʻia ʻo ia he kūpuna o ka ʻoki kahua kahua koa.
Ke hoʻi nei i St. Petersburg, ua mālama ʻo Nikolai Pirogov i kahi hālāwai pilikino me ka mōʻī, e haʻi ana iā ia e pili ana i nā pilikia pilikia i ka pūʻali koa. Ua hoʻonāukiuki ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka kauka a me nā ʻōlelo hōʻino iā Alexander II, no laila ke kumu i hōʻole ai ʻo ia e hoʻolohe iā ia.
Ua hiolo ʻo Pirogov me ka tsar a ua koho ʻia i kahu no nā moku ʻo Odessa a me Kiev. I loko o kēia wā o kona moʻomeheu, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hana i kekahi mau hoʻoponopono hou i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia, nā mea i hoʻonāukiuki i nā luna kūloko.
I ka 1866 neʻe aku ʻo Nikolai Ivanovich me kona ʻohana i kāna waiwai ponoʻī ma ka moku ʻo Vinnitsa, kahi i wehe ai i kahi haukapila manuahi. ʻAʻole wale nā kamaʻāina kūloko i mālama ʻia ma aneʻi, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o kona mau hoa makaʻāina ʻē aʻe, ka poʻe i ʻike maka e pili ana i nā mana phenomenal o ke kauka.
I ka manawa like me kēia, hoʻomau ʻo Pirogov e kākau i nā pepa ʻepekema e pili ana i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka pūʻali koa. Ua kono mau ʻia ʻo ia e ʻōlelo i waho me nā haʻi ʻōlelo i nā kūkā kamaʻāina. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i ka wā o kāna huakaʻi ʻoihana hou aʻe, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ke kōkua olakino i ka mea kaulana kipi ʻo Garibaldi.
Ua hoʻomanaʻo hou ka Lūkini tsar iā Pirogov i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish. I ka hōʻea ʻana i Bulgaria, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā haukapila a me ka lawe ʻana i nā mea maʻi i nā haukapila maʻi. No kāna mau lawelawe i ka Fatherland, ua hāʻawi ʻo Alexander II iā ia i ke Kauoha o ka White Eagle a me kahi pahu snuff gula me nā daimana.
I nā lā hope o kāna moʻolelo pilikino, ua hoʻomau ʻo Nikolai Ivanovich i ka hana ma luna o nā mea maʻi. Ma mua iki o kona make ʻana, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i ke kākau ʻana i The Diary of a Old Doctor.
Ke ola pilikino
ʻO ka wahine mua a ke kauka ʻōpio ka moʻopuna moʻopuna a Nikolai Tatishchev i kapa ʻia ʻo Ekaterina Berezina. ʻO kēia male ka lōʻihi o 4 mau makahiki wale nō. Ua make ke kaikamahine i nā pilikia ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, e waiho ana ma hope o nā keiki kāne ʻelua - ʻo Nikolai lāua ʻo Vladimir.
4 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua male ʻo Pirogov i kahi baroness a me kahi hoahānau o ka mea huakaʻi kaulana ʻo ʻIrvan Kruzenshtern. Ua lilo ʻo ia i kākoʻo kakoo no kāna kāne. Mahalo i kāna mau hoʻoikaika ʻana, ua wehe ʻia kahi keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kiev.
Make
Ua make ʻo Nikolai Pirogov ma Nowemapa 23 (Kekemapa 5) 1881 i ka makahiki 71. ʻO ke kumu o kona make ʻana he tumo maʻi ʻino i ka waha. Kauoha ka wahine a ka mea i make e ʻeli i ke kino a waiho i loko o kahi crypt kūpono me ka puka aniani, ma luna aʻe o ka hale pule i kūkulu ʻia ai ma hope.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka hui like o nā loea e hana nei i ka mālama ʻana i ke kino o ke kauka nui, nāna e mālama i ke kūlana o nā kino o Lenin lāua ʻo Kim Il Sung. Ua ola ka waiwai o Nikolai Ivanovich a hiki i kēia lā, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai kahi hale hōʻikeʻike i kona hanohano.
Nā kiʻi Pirogov
