ʻO Franz Schubert (1797 - 1928) hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā kiʻi kūpilikiʻi loa i ka moʻomeheu honua. ʻO ke tālena maikaʻi a ka haku mele, ʻo ia ka mea i mahalo ʻia i kona wā e ola ana e kahi mau hoa aloha liʻiliʻi. Mai ka wā kamaliʻi, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻo Schubert i ke ʻano o ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻohana liʻiliʻi loa. ʻOiai ʻoiai he kālā kāna, ua pono kāna mau hoaaloha e mālama i kā Brutz lilo kālā - ʻaʻole maopopo iā ia ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea he nui.
Ua ana ʻo Fate iā Schubert i loko wale nō o nā makahiki he 31 i piha ʻole i ke ola, ʻoiai no nā makahiki eiwa i hala ua maʻi loa ʻo ia. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻokele ka mea haku mele i ka waiwai o ka waihona mele honua me nā haneli hanohano. Ua lilo ʻo Schubert i haku mele aloha mua. He mea kupaianaha kēia, inā wale nō no ka mea ua ola ʻo ia i ka manawa like me Beethoven (ua make ʻo Schubert i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa ma hope o ka mea maʻamau a hāpai i kāna pahu kupapaʻu ma ka hoʻolewa). ʻO ia, i loko o kēlā mau makahiki, ua hāʻawi ka heroism i ke aloha i mua o nā poʻe o ka wā.
ʻO Schubert, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano huaʻōlelo. A paʻakikī ʻole ʻo ia i ka noʻonoʻo i nā noʻonoʻo pono - hana ʻo ia. I nā ʻano hale a me nā pono waiwai, kākau mau ʻo ia i nā mele. Ke moe nei i ka haukapila, hana ʻo ia i kahi pōʻaiapuni leo kamahaʻo. Ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me kāna aloha mua, kākau ʻo ia i ka Fourth Symphony, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Tragic". A pēlā i kona ola a hiki i ka manawa i ka lā Nuʻuanu anuʻu i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ai kāna pahu kupapaʻu i loko o ka lua kupapaʻu ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ka lua kupapaʻu hou o Ludwig van Beethoven.
1. ʻO Franz Schubert ke keiki 12 o ka ʻohana. ʻO kona makuakāne, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Franz, mālama pū i kahi puke kūikawā i ʻole e huikau i kāna mau keiki ponoʻī. A ʻo Franz, hānau ʻia ma Ianuali 31, 1797, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka hope - ua hānau ʻia he mau keiki hou aʻe ma hope ona. ʻEhā wale nō i ola, kahi kuʻuna kaumaha no ka ʻohana Schubert - ʻehā o nā keiki ʻeiwa i ola i ka ʻohana a ke kupuna kāne.
ʻO kekahi o nā alanui o Wina i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18
2. He kumu kula ko makuakāne ʻo Franz nāna i aʻo no ka ʻoihana hanohano (hoʻololi kula ma ʻAukekulia) mai ka poʻe mahiʻai maʻamau. He kuke maʻalahi ʻo Māmā, akā e pili ana i ka male e haʻi ʻia lākou i kēia manawa "i ka hōʻea ʻana". Ua hāpai ʻo Maria Elisabeth, a no ka mahalo o Franz Schubert Sr., ʻaʻole ʻo ia i haʻalele iā ia.
3. He kanaka ʻoʻoleʻa loa ʻo Schubert Sr. ʻO ke mele wale nō kāna i hōʻoluʻolu ai no nā keiki. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani pila, akā makemake ʻo ia i ka cello, a aʻo i nā keiki e hoʻokani pila. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi kumu kūpono i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mele - makemake ka makuakāne i kāna mau keikikāne e lilo i mau kumu, a i kēlā mau lā e manaʻo ʻia nā kumu e aʻo pū i nā mele.
4. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Franz Jr. i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina violin i kona makahiki he ʻehiku a ua hele a holomua. Ua ʻike ke kaikuaʻana pehea e hoʻokani piano. Ma hope o nā noi he nui, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo iā Franz, a ma hope o kekahi mau mahina ua kahaha ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole ia e pono hou ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu. Aia kekahi lālā i loko o ka hale pule kūloko, a i kekahi lā ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe āpau e kāhāhā no ka haipule hiki ʻole o Franz. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hīmeni i ka papa hīmeni o ka hale pule. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua paʻa ke keikikāne i ka hale pule e hoʻolohe wale i ka ʻōpena, a hīmeni i ka papa hīmeni i mea e uku ʻole ai i nā haʻawina a ke alakaʻi mele ʻo Michael Holzer i hāʻawi ai iā ia. He talena aʻo aʻo poʻokela kāna - ʻaʻole wale i aʻo i ke keikikāne e pāʻani i ke kinetona, akā ua hoʻokau pū kekahi i kumu kumu kūpono. I ka manawa like, akahai loa ʻo Holzer - ma hope ua hōʻole ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hāʻawi i nā haʻawina iā Schubert. ʻO kēia, wahi a Holzer, he kamaʻilio wale me nā mele. Ua hoʻolaʻa aku ʻo Schubert iā ia i kekahi o kāna lehulehu.
5. Ma Kepakemapa 30, 1808, ua hoʻoholo kūleʻa ʻo Franz i nā hoʻokolokolo, ua lilo i papa himeni o ka ʻaha a ua kākau inoa ʻia i loko o ka lawehala - kahi hale aʻo hoʻomana haipule hanohano.
I ka lawehala
6. Ma ka lawehala i hui mua ai ʻo Schubert i ka hoʻokani pila, a laila lilo i violin mua nona, a laila ka hope alakaʻi o Vaclav Ruzicka. Ua hoʻāʻo ka mea alakaʻi e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina me ke keikikāne, akā ua ʻike koke ʻo ia kona ʻike no Schubert kahi pae i hala. Ua huli ʻo Ruzicka i ka mea like ʻo Antonio Salieri. ʻO kēia haku mele a mea hoʻokani pila ke alakaʻi o ka pā hale Viennese. Ua lawe ʻo ia i nā hōʻike me Schubert a hoʻomanaʻo i ke keiki, no laila ua ʻae ʻo ia e hana pū me ia. I kona aʻo ʻana ua hana nui kāna keiki i ka mele, ʻo kona makuakāne, ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui iki i ka hoʻolohe ʻole, kipaku ʻo ia iā Franz mai ka hale. Ua hoʻi ke kanaka ʻōpio i ka ʻohana ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuahine.
Antonio Salieri
7. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Schubert i ka haku ʻana i nā mele i loko o ka lawehala, akā ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ia mea i kekahi poʻe. Ua ʻae ʻo Salieri i ke aʻo ʻana i ka haku mele, akā koi mau ka haumāna i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hana o ka wā i hala, no laila pili nā hana a Schubert i nā canons. Ua kākau ʻo Schubert i nā mele like ʻole.
8. I ka makahiki 1813 haʻalele ʻo Schubert i ka lawehala. ʻO Penniless, ua komo ʻo ia i ke kūlana makua me kahi puʻu o kāna mau kākau ponoʻī. ʻO kāna waiwai nui ka symphony āna i kākau ai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kālā ma luna ona, a lilo ʻo Schubert i kumu me ka uku e hiki ʻole ke kūʻai i hoʻokahi paona palaoa i ka lā. Akā i loko o ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka hana, ua kākau ʻo ia i mau haneli mau hana, e like me ʻelua symphonies, ʻehā opera a me ʻelua mau lehulehu. Makemake nui ʻo ia i ka haku ʻana i nā mele - puka mai lākou ma lalo o kāna peni i nā ʻumi.
9. Ua kapa ʻia ko Schubert aloha aloha ʻo Teresa Coffin. Ua aloha ka poʻe ʻōpio i kekahi i kekahi a manaʻo e mare. Ua hoʻopilikia ka makuahine o ke kaikamahine, ka mea makemake ʻole e male i kāna kaikamahine i ke kāne ʻole peni. Ua male ʻo Teresa i kahi kahu kuke hānai a noho no 78 mau makahiki - 2.5 mau manawa ka lōʻihi ma mua o Schubert.
10. I ka 1818, ua lilo ka pilikia i loko o ka hale i mea hiki ʻole iā Franz - ua lilo loa kona makuakāne i ke kālā e ka ʻelemakule a koi aku i kāna keiki e haʻalele i nā mele a lilo i ka ʻoihana kumu. I ka pane, ua haʻalele ʻo Franz i ke kula, ʻo ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua huli kahi o kahi kumu mele. Ua hoʻolimalima ʻo Count Karl Esterhazy von Talant iā ia ma lalo o ke kākoʻo o nā hoa aloha o Schubert. Pono nā kaikamahine ʻelua a Count e aʻo. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hōkū o ka Vienna Opera, ʻo Johann Michael Vogl, ua mahalo mua i nā mele a Schubert, ua kōkua e loaʻa kahi wahi.
11. Ua mele ʻia nā mele a Schubert a puni ka Austria, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ko lākou mea kākau. I ka hōʻea hōʻino ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Steyr, ua ʻike ʻo Schubert lāua ʻo Vogl ua mele ʻia nā mele a Franz e nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻelemākule, a ua weliweli ka poʻe hana i ka mea kākau nui. A ʻo kēia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hoʻokele ʻo Schubert e hoʻopili i hoʻokahi mele i nā mea hīmeni mele - hiki i kēia ke lilo i kumu no ka loaʻa kālā. Ma aneʻi wale nō ʻo Vogl, ka mea i hīmeni i nā mele a Schubert ma ka home wale nō, mahalo i ka kaulana o nā hana a kēia haku mele. Ua hoʻoholo ka mea mele e "kuʻi" iā lākou i ka hale keaka.
12. ʻO nā hana mua ʻelua, "Gemini" a me "The Magic Harp", ua kūleʻa ma muli o nā librettos nāwaliwali. Wahi a nā lula o ka manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi mea kākau kaulana i hōʻike i kāna libretto ponoʻī a i ʻole kahi libretto i kākau ʻia e kekahi - ua kauoha ke keaka iā ia mai nā mea kākau hanohano. Me ka hale keaka, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ʻo Schubert a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola.
13. ʻO ka kūleʻa i hele mai kahi ʻaoʻao i manaʻo nui ʻole ʻia. Ma kekahi o nā "ʻāpana" kaulana loa ma Wina - kahi ʻahamele hui hodgepodge i hui ʻia - mele ʻo Vogl i ke mele "The Forest Tsar", kahi i kūleʻa nui ʻia. ʻAʻole nō i makemake nā mea paʻi e hoʻopili aku i ka haku mele kaulana ʻole, a ua kauoha like nā makamaka o Schubert i ka holo ma kā lākou uku ponoʻī. Ua wehe koke ʻia ka hihia: ua paʻi he 10 mau mele Schubert wale nō i kēia ala, ua uku nā hoaaloha i kāna mau ʻaiʻē āpau a hāʻawi i ka mea haku mele i kahi kālā nui. Ua ʻike koke lākou ua pono ʻo Franz i kekahi ʻano luna hoʻokele waiwai - ʻaʻohe ona kālā, a ʻaʻole maopopo iā ia pehea a pehea e hoʻolilo ai.
14. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Schubert's Seventh Symphony "ʻaʻole pau" ʻaʻole no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokele ka mea kākau. Ua manaʻo wale ʻo Schubert ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā mea āpau āna e makemake ai i loko. Eia nō naʻe, ʻelua mau ʻāpana, ʻoiai i loko o kahi symphony he ʻehā o lākou, no laila ke loaʻa nei ka loiloi i ka poʻe loea. ʻO ka memo a nā symphony e ʻohiʻohi nei i ka lepo ma luna o nā waihona no nā makahiki he 40 a ʻoi. ʻO 1865 wale nō ka hana ma mua.
15. Me ka kaulana o Schubert ma Wina, "Schubertiada" - nā ahiahi kahi i leʻaleʻa ai ka poʻe ʻōpio i kēlā me kēia ʻano, lilo i kaila. Heluhelu lākou i nā mele, pāʻani i nā pāʻani, a pēlā aku. Akā ʻo ka hanana aliʻi ʻo Schubert mau ia ma ka piano. Ua haku ʻo ia i mau mele no nā hulahula ma ke ala hele, a ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 450 mau hulahula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kāna hoʻoilina hoʻoilina wale nō. Akā ua manaʻo nā hoa aloha o ka haku mele ua haku ʻo Schubert i nā mele hulahula ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Schubertiad
16. I Kēkēmapa 1822, kuʻikahi ka Schubert i ka syphilis. ʻAʻole hoʻolimalima ka mea haku mele i ka manawa ma ka haukapila - ma laila ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi pōʻaiapuni leo kamahaʻo "The Beautiful Miller Woman". Eia nō naʻe, me ka pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau, lōʻihi ka mālama ʻana i ka syphilis, ʻeha a hoʻonāwaliwali loa i ke kino. He mau wā kala ko Schubert, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hele hou i ke kaiāulu, akā ʻaʻole i ola hou kāna olakino.
17. Ma Malaki 26, 1828 ʻike ʻo Wina i ka lanakila maoli o Franz Schubert. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻahamele mai kāna mau hana, i hana ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Austrian maikaʻi loa. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ka poʻe i ʻahamele i ka ulu ʻana o ka hauʻoli o ka poʻe hoʻolohe me kēlā me kēia helu. A i ka hopena o ka papahana i hoʻolaha ʻia, ma hope o ka hana o ke kolu i ka E-pālahalaha nui, ua aneane hāneʻe nā paia o ke keʻena - he mea mau i nā Viennese ke hōʻike i ka leʻaleʻa kiʻekiʻe loa mai ka mele ʻana ma ka hehi ʻana. Kāhea ʻia nā mea hoʻokani pila no ka encore ʻoiai ua pio ke kukui uila i loko o ka hale. Ua hoʻopio ʻia ʻo Schubert e ka kūleʻa. A he mau mahina wale nō kona e ola ai ...
18. Ua make ʻo Franz Schubert ma Nowemapa 19, 1828 ma kona home ma Wina. ʻO ke kumu o ka make ka maʻi fiva typhoid. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā lā hope loa o kona ola i loko o kahi maʻi kuni. ʻO kēia paha, ʻo kēia mau lā he 20 wale nō i ke ola oʻo o ka mea haku mele āna i hana ʻole ai. A hiki i kona mau lā hope loa, ua hana ʻo Schubert i kāna mau hana kupaianaha.
19. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo Schubert ma ka ilina ʻo Wehring ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ka hale kupapaʻu o Beethoven. Ma hope iho, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke koena o nā haku mele ʻelua ma ka hale kupapaʻu o Central.
Nā ilina o Beethoven lāua ʻo Schubert
20. Ua kākau ʻo Schubert ma luna o 1,200 mau hana ma nā ʻano like ʻole. A i kona wā e ola ana, he hapa liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā mea i kākau ʻia e ka mea haku mele i ʻike i ka mālamalama. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻē aʻe ke koena a puni ka honua: ua loaʻa kahi mea e nā hoʻoilina o nā hoaaloha, kahi mea i kū aʻe i ka neʻe ʻana a kūʻai aku paha i ka waiwai. Ua paʻi ʻia nā hana piha i ka makahiki 1897 wale nō.
